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C/C++ Qt 常用数据结构

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前言:

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Qt 是一个跨平台的图形化类库,常用数据结构就是对C++ STL的二次封装,使其更加易用,如下是经常会用到的一些数据结构和算法,其中包括了QString,QList,QLinkedList,QVector,QStack,QQueue,qmap,qmultimap,qhash,qmultihash,qmultihash,qset容器的具体使用细节。

字符串容器

QString 追加/删除:

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QChar>#include <QString>int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    // 定义两个字符串并将其链接在一起    QString Str1 = "hello", Str2 = "lyshark",temp;    temp = Str1 + Str2;    std::cout << temp.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << (Str1+Str2).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 使用append/remove 追加与移除    QString Str3 = "hello ";    Str3.append("lyshark");    Str3.push_back("test");    Str3.remove("hello");    Str3.prepend("-->");    std::cout << Str3.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 使用Sprintf/arg 将特定字符串连接    QString Str4;    Str4.sprintf("%s %s","Welcome","to you !");    std::cout << Str4.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    QString Str5;    Str5 = QString("%1 is age =  %2 . ").arg("lyshark").arg("24");    std::cout << Str5.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << (QString("1") + QChar('A')).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << (QString("2") + QString('B')).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 实现统计字符串长度    std::cout << Str5.count() << std::endl;    std::cout << Str5.size() << std::endl;    std::cout << Str5.length() << std::endl;    // 去空格    QString Str6 = " hello  lyshark   welcome !  ";    Str6 = Str6.trimmed();    // 去掉首尾空格    Str6 = Str6.simplified();   // 去掉所有空格,中间连续的只保留一个    std::cout << Str6.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    Str6 = Str6.mid(2,10);       // 从索引2开始向后取10    std::cout << Str6.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    //移除,1,3两个位置的字符    std::cout << (QString("123456").remove(1,3)).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 超过 11 个字符就保留 11 个字符,否则不足替换为 '.'    std::cout << (QString("abcdefg").leftJustified(11,'.',true)).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << (QString::number(100,16)).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 100 转16进制    // 转换为 16 进制,不足 8 位前面补 ‘0’    std::cout << (QString("0%1").arg(123,8,16,QLatin1Char('0'))).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 转为8进制    std::cout << QString("0%1").arg(QString::number(100,8)).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << (QString("0%1").arg(QString::number(.777,'f',1))).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 切割字符串    std::cout << (QString("1,2,3,4,5,6").split(',')[2]).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 类型转换  QByteArray 转换 QString    QByteArray byte;    byte.resize(2);    byte[0]='1';    byte[1]='2';    QString strs = byte;    return a.exec();}

QString 查询/替换: 字符串的查询,替换,扫描与切割。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    // 查询与替换    QString str = "hello lyshark welcome admin";    int index;    bool ref;    // 查询字符串中是否包含特定字符    ref = str.contains("lyshark",Qt::CaseInsensitive);  // 不区分大小写    std::cout << ref << std::endl;    ref = str.contains("LYSHARK",Qt::CaseSensitive);    // 区分大小写    std::cout << ref << std::endl;    // 判断是否以某个字符串开头或结束    ref = str.startsWith("hello",Qt::CaseInsensitive); // 判断是否hello开头    std::cout << ref << std::endl;    ref = str.endsWith("lyshark",Qt::CaseSensitive);        // 判断是否lyshark结尾    std::cout << ref << std::endl;    // 从字符串中取左边/右边多少个字符    index = str.indexOf(" ");        // 第一个空格出现的位置    std::cout << str.left(index).toStdString().data()<< std::endl;    index = str.lastIndexOf(" ");    // 最后一个空格出现的位置    std::cout << str.right(str.size() - index - 1).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 替换字符串中所有的lyshark为admin    str = str.replace("lyshark","admin");    std::cout << str.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 字符串的截取    QString str2 = "uname,uage,usex";    std::cout << str2.section(",",0,0).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << str2.section(",",1,1).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    QString str3 ="192.168.1.10";    std::cout << str3.left(str3.indexOf(".")).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << str3.mid(str3.indexOf(".")+1,3).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << str3.mid(str3.indexOf(".")+1,1).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << str3.right(str3.size() - (str3.lastIndexOf(".")+1)).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 判断字符串是否为空    QString str4,str5="";    std::cout << str4.isNull() << std::endl;    // 为空则为True    std::cout << str5.isNull() << std::endl;    // \0不为空    std::cout << str5.isEmpty() << std::endl;   // 为空则为False    return a.exec();}

QString 字符串转换:

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QByteArray>int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QString str = "uname,uage,usex";    QString int_str = "100,200,300";    // 大小写转换    str = str.toUpper();            // 转为大写    std::cout << str.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    str = str.toLower();            // 转为小写    std::cout << str.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 将字符串转为整数    bool flag = false;    QString x = int_str.section(",",0,0);   // 提取出第一个字符串    int dec = x.toInt(&flag,10);              // 转为十进制整数    std::cout << dec << std::endl;    int hex = x.toUInt(&flag,16);            // 转为十六进制数    std::cout << hex << std::endl;    // 将整数转为字符串    int number = 100;    QString number_str;    number_str = number_str.setNum(number,16);  // 转为十六进制字符串    std::cout << number_str.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 编码之间的转换    QString str_string = "welcome to you !";    QByteArray ba = str_string.toUtf8();    std::cout << ba.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 格式化输出转换    float total = 3.1415926;    QString str_total;    str_total = str_total.sprintf("%.4f",total);    std::cout << str_total.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    str_total = QString::asprintf("%2f",total);    std::cout << str_total.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    return a.exec();}
顺序容器

顺序容器 QList,QLinkedList,QVector,QStack,QQueue

qlist: 顺序容器,qlist是以下表的方式对数据进行访问的,可以使用下表索引的方式访问特定数据。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QList>void Display(QList<QString> &ptr){    std::cout << "-----------------------------" << std::endl;    for(qint32 x=0;x<ptr.count();x++)    {        // std::cout << ptr[x].toStdString().data() << std::endl;        std::cout << (ptr.at(x)).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    std::cout << std::endl;}int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QList<QString> StringPtrA;    QList<QString> StringPtrB;    // 添加三个成员    StringPtrA.append("admin");    StringPtrA.append("guest");    StringPtrA.append("lyshark");    Display(StringPtrA);    // 在首部插入hanter    StringPtrA.prepend("hanter");    Display(StringPtrA);    // 在第0的位置插入lucy    StringPtrA.insert(0,QString("lucy"));    Display(StringPtrA);    // 替换原来的admin为全拼    StringPtrA.replace(1,"Administrator");    Display(StringPtrA);    // 删除第0个元素    StringPtrA.removeAt(0);    Display(StringPtrA);    // 删除首部和尾部    StringPtrA.removeFirst();    StringPtrA.removeLast();    // 移动两个变量    StringPtrA.move(0,1);    Display(StringPtrA);    // 将两个list容器对调交换    StringPtrB = {"youtube","facebook"};    StringPtrA.swap(StringPtrB);    Display(StringPtrA);    return a.exec();}

qlist可以指定一个struct结构进行数据操作.

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QList>#include <QListIterator>#include <QMutableListIterator>struct MyStruct{    qint32 uid;    QString uname;};int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QList<MyStruct> ptr;    MyStruct str_ptr;    str_ptr.uid = 1001;    str_ptr.uname = "admin";    ptr.append(str_ptr);    str_ptr.uid = 1002;    str_ptr.uname = "guest";    ptr.append(str_ptr);    // 使用传统方式遍历数据    for(qint32 x=0;x<ptr.count();x++)    {        std::cout << ptr.at(x).uid << std::endl;        std::cout << ptr[x].uname.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    // 使用只读迭代器遍历    QListIterator<MyStruct> x(ptr);    while(x.hasNext())    {        // peeknext读取下一个节点,但不影响指针变化        std::cout << x.peekNext().uid << std::endl;        std::cout << (x.peekNext().uname).toStdString().data() << std::endl;        // 最后将x指针指向下一个数据        x.next();    }    // 使用读写迭代器:如果uid=1002则将guest改为lyshark    QMutableListIterator<MyStruct> y(ptr);    while(y.hasNext())    {        // y.peekNext().uid = 9999;        if(y.peekNext().uid == 1002)        {            y.peekNext().uname = "lyshark";        }        y.next();    }    return a.exec();}

qlinklist: qlinklist就是动态链表结构,数据的存储非连续,访问时无法直接使用下标定位,只能通过迭代器迭代寻找,参数定义与qlist基本一致。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QLinkedList>#include <QLinkedListIterator>#include <QMutableLinkedListIterator>struct MyStruct{    qint32 uid;    QString uname;};int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QLinkedList<MyStruct> ptr;    MyStruct str_ptr;    str_ptr.uid = 1001;    str_ptr.uname = "admin";    ptr.append(str_ptr);    str_ptr.uid = 1002;    str_ptr.uname = "guest";    ptr.append(str_ptr);    // 使用只读迭代器遍历: 从前向后遍历    QLinkedListIterator<MyStruct> x(ptr);    while(x.hasNext())    {        std::cout << x.peekNext().uid << std::endl;        x.next();    }    // 使用只读迭代器遍历: 从后向前遍历    for(x.toBack();x.hasPrevious();x.previous())    {        std::cout << x.peekPrevious().uid << std::endl;    }    // 使用STL风格的迭代器遍历    QLinkedList<MyStruct>::iterator y;    for(y=ptr.begin();y!=ptr.end();++y)    {        std::cout << (*y).uid << std::endl;    }    // STL风格的只读迭代器    QLinkedList<MyStruct>::const_iterator z;    for(z=ptr.constBegin();z!=ptr.constEnd();++z)    {        std::cout <<((*z).uname).toStdString().data()<< std::endl;    }    // 使用读写迭代器: 动态生成列表,每次对二取余    QLinkedList<int> Number = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};    QMutableLinkedListIterator<int> item(Number);    // --> 从前向后输出一次    for(item.toFront();item.hasNext();item.next())        std::cout << item.peekNext() << std::endl;    // --> 将指针移动到最后然后判断    for(item.toBack();item.hasPrevious();)    {        if(item.previous() % 2==0)            item.remove();        else            item.setValue(item.peekNext() * 10);    }    // --> 最后输出出相加后的结果    for(item.toFront();item.hasNext();)    {        std::cout << item.peekNext() << std::endl;        item.next();    }    return a.exec();}

QVector: 该容器在相邻内存中存储连续的数据,该方式的使用与Qlist完全一致,但性能要比Qlist更高,但在插入时速度最慢。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QVector>#include <QVectorIterator>#include <QMutableVectorIterator>struct MyStruct{    qint32 uid;    QString uname;};int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QVector<MyStruct> ptr;    MyStruct str_ptr;    str_ptr.uid = 1001;    str_ptr.uname = "admin";    ptr.append(str_ptr);    str_ptr.uid = 1002;    str_ptr.uname = "guest";    ptr.append(str_ptr);    // 使用传统方式遍历    for(qint32 x=0;x<ptr.count();x++)    {        std::cout << ptr.at(x).uid << std::endl;        std::cout << ptr[x].uname.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    // 使用只读迭代器遍历: C++ STL写法    QVector<MyStruct>::const_iterator item;    for(item = ptr.begin();item != ptr.end(); ++item)    {        std::cout << (*item).uid << std::endl;        std::cout << (*item).uname.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    // 使用读写迭代器修改: C++ STL写法    QVector<MyStruct>::iterator write_item;    for(write_item = ptr.begin();write_item !=ptr.end();++write_item)    {        if((*write_item).uid == 1001)        {            (*write_item).uname = "xxxx";        }        std::cout << (*write_item).uid << std::endl;        std::cout << (*write_item).uname.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    return a.exec();}

QStack: qstack时堆栈结构先进后出。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QStack>#include <QQueue>struct MyStruct{    qint32 uid;    QString uname;};int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    // 定义并弹出QString类型数据    QStack<QString> stack;    stack.push("admin");    stack.push("guest");    std::cout << (stack.top()).toStdString().data()<<std::endl;    while(!stack.isEmpty())    {        std::cout << (stack.pop()).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    // 定义并弹出一个结构类型数据    QStack<MyStruct> struct_stack;    MyStruct ptr;    ptr.uid = 1001;    ptr.uname = "admin";    struct_stack.push(ptr);    ptr.uid = 1002;    ptr.uname = "guest";    struct_stack.push(ptr);    // 分别弹出数据并输出    while(!struct_stack.isEmpty())    {        MyStruct ref;        ref = struct_stack.pop();        std::cout << "uid = " << ref.uid << std::endl;        std::cout << "uname = " << ref.uname.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    return a.exec();}

QQueue: qqueue 队列,先进先出。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QQueue>struct MyStruct{    qint32 uid;    QString uname;};int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QQueue<MyStruct> ptr;    MyStruct queue_ptr;    // 实现对结构体的入队    queue_ptr.uid = 1001;    queue_ptr.uname = "admin";    ptr.enqueue(queue_ptr);    queue_ptr.uid = 1002;    queue_ptr.uname = "guest";    ptr.enqueue(queue_ptr);    // 实现对结构体的出队    while(!ptr.isEmpty())    {        MyStruct ref;        ref = ptr.dequeue();        std::cout << "uid = " << ref.uid << std::endl;        std::cout << "uname = " << ref.uname.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    return a.exec();}
关联容器

关联容器: qmap,qmultimap,qhash,qmultihash,qmultihash,qset

qmap/qmultimap: 提供了一个字典类型的关联数组,一个键映射一个值,qmap是按照顺序存储的,如果不在意顺序可以使用qhash,使用qhash效率更高。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QtGlobal>#include <QMap>#include <QMapIterator>struct MyStruct{    qint32 uid;    QString uname;};int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QMap<QString,QString> map;    map["1001"] = "admin";    map["1002"] = "guest";    map.insert("1003","lyshark");    map.insert("1004","lucy");    // map.remove("1002");    // 根据键值对查询属性    std::cout << map["1002"].toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << map.value("1003").toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << map.key("admin").toStdString().data() << std::endl;    // 使用STL语法迭代枚举Map键值对    QMap<QString,QString>::const_iterator x;    for(x=map.constBegin();x != map.constEnd(); ++x)    {        std::cout << x.key().toStdString().data() << " : ";        std::cout << x.value().toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    // 使用STL语法实现修改键值对    QMap<QString,QString>::iterator write_x;    write_x = map.find("1003");    if(write_x !=map.end())        write_x.value()= "you ary in";    // 使用QTglobal中自带的foreach遍历键值对    QString each;    // --> 单循环遍历    foreach(const QString &each,map.keys())    {        std::cout << map.value(each).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    // --> 多循环遍历    foreach(const QString &each,map.uniqueKeys())    {        foreach(QString x,map.value(each))        {            std::cout << each.toStdString().data() << " : ";            std::cout << x.toStdString().data() << std::endl;        }    }    return a.exec();}

qmultimap是qmap的子集,用于处理多值映射的类。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QList>#include <QMultiMap>struct MyStruct{    qint32 uid;    QString uname;};int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QMultiMap<QString,QString> mapA,mapB,mapC,mapD;    mapA.insert("lyshark","1000");    mapA.insert("lyshark","2000");    mapB.insert("admin","3000");    mapB.insert("admin","4000");    mapC.insert("admin","5000");    // 获取到里面的所有key=lyshark的值    QList<QString> ref;    ref = mapA.values("lyshark");    for(int x=0;x<ref.size();++x)    {        std::cout << ref.at(x).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    // 两个key相同可相加后输出    mapD = mapB + mapC;    ref = mapD.values("admin");    for(int x=0;x<ref.size();x++)    {        std::cout << ref.at(x).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    return a.exec();}

qhash使用上与qmap相同,但qhash效率更高,唯一的不同时qhash不排序,qmap自动排序.

qset: qset 集合容器,是基于散列表的集合模板,存储顺序不定,查找速度最快,内部使用qhash实现。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QSet>struct MyStruct{    qint32 uid;    QString uname;};int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QSet<QString> set;    set << "dog" << "cat" << "tiger";    // 测试某值是否包含于集合    if(set.contains("cat"))    {        std::cout << "include" << std::endl;    }    return a.exec();}

将qlist与qmap结合使用,实现嵌套 , 在qmap中存储一个qlist数据。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QtGlobal>#include <QList>#include <QMap>int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QMap<QString,QList<float>> map;    QList<float> ptr;    // 指定第一组数据    ptr.append(10.1);    ptr.append(12.5);    ptr.append(22.3);    map["10:10"] = ptr;    // 指定第二组数据    ptr.clear();    ptr.append(102.2);    ptr.append(203.2);    ptr.append(102.1);    map["11:20"] = ptr;    // 输出所有的数据    QList<float> tmp;    foreach(QString each,map.uniqueKeys())    {        tmp = map.value(each);        std::cout << "Time: " << each.toStdString().data() << std::endl;        for(qint32 x=0;x<tmp.count();x++)        {            std::cout << tmp[x]<< std::endl;        }    }    return a.exec();}

将两个qlist合并为一个qmap,将列表合并为一个字典。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QtGlobal>#include <QList>#include <QMap>int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QList<QString> Header = {"MemTotal","MemFree","Cached","SwapTotal","SwapFree"};    QList<float> Values = {12.5,46.8,68,100.3,55.9,86.1};    QMap<QString,float> map;    // 将列表合并为一个字典    for(int x=0;x<Header.count();x++)    {        QString head = Header[x].toStdString().data();        float val = Values[x];        map[head] = val;    }    // 输出特定字典中的数据    std::cout << map.key(100.3).toStdString().data() << std::endl;    std::cout << map.value("SwapTotal") << std::endl;    return a.exec();}

反之,将字典拆分为一个列表。

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QtGlobal>#include <QList>#include <QMap>void Display(QMap<QString,float> map){    foreach(const QString &each,map.uniqueKeys())    {        std::cout << each.toStdString().data() << std::endl;        std::cout << map.value(each) << std::endl;    }}int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    QMap<QString,float> map;    map["MemTotal"] = 12.5;    map["MemFree"] = 32.1;    map["Cached"] = 19.2;    Display(map);    QList<QString> map_key;    QList<float> map_value;    // 分别存储起来    map_key = map.keys();    map_value = map.values();    // 输出所有的key值    for(int x=0;x<map_key.count();x++)    {        std::cout << map_key[x].toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    // 输出所有的value值    for(int x=0;x<map_value.count();x++)    {        std::cout << map_value[x] << std::endl;    }    return a.exec();}

排序结构体:

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QtGlobal>#include <QList>struct MyStruct{    int uuid;    QString uname;};void Display(QList<int> ptr){    foreach(const int &each,ptr)        std::cout << each << " ";    std::cout << std::endl;}// 由大到小排列int compare(const int &infoA,const int &infoB){    return infoA > infoB;}// 针对结构体的排序方法void devListSort(QList<MyStruct> *list){    std::sort(list->begin(),list->end(),[](const MyStruct &infoA,const MyStruct &infoB)    {        return infoA.uuid < infoB.uuid;    });}int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    // 定义并对单一数组排序    QList<int> list = {56,88,34,61,79,82,34,67,88,1};    std::sort(list.begin(),list.end(),compare);    Display(list);    // 定义并对结构体排序    QList<MyStruct> list_struct;    MyStruct ptr;    ptr.uuid=1005;    ptr.uname="admin";    list_struct.append(ptr);    ptr.uuid=1002;    ptr.uname = "guest";    list_struct.append(ptr);    ptr.uuid = 1000;    ptr.uname = "lyshark";    list_struct.append(ptr);    devListSort(&list_struct);    for(int x=0;x< list_struct.count();x++)    {        std::cout << list_struct[x].uuid << " ---> ";        std::cout << list_struct[x].uname.toStdString().data() << std::endl;    }    return a.exec();}

正则表达式模块:

#include <QCoreApplication>#include <iostream>#include <QString>#include <QtGlobal>int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);    // 返回绝对值    std::cout << qAbs(10.5) << std::endl;    // 返回较大者    std::cout << qMax(12,56) << std::endl;    // 返回较小者    std::cout << qMin(22,56) << std::endl;    // 返回随机数    double x=6.7,y=3.5;    int ref = qRound(x);    std::cout << ref << std::endl;    // 交换位置    qSwap(x,y);    std::cout << x << std::endl;    return a.exec();}

标签: #c数值算法第三版