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「SpringMVC」文件上传与下载、拦截器、异常处理器

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前言:

此刻大家对“springmvc 上传多个文件”大致比较着重,姐妹们都需要学习一些“springmvc 上传多个文件”的相关内容。那么小编也在网络上搜集了一些关于“springmvc 上传多个文件””的相关知识,希望各位老铁们能喜欢,咱们一起来学习一下吧!

文件下载

使用ResponseEntity实现下载文件的功能

index.html

复制代码12345678910HTML<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" xmlns:th="http:;><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>首页</title></head><body><a th:href="@{/testDown}">点击下载</a></body></html>

控制器

复制代码12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334JAVA@RequestMapping("/testDown")public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session) throws IOException {    //获取ServletContext对象    ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();	    //获取服务器中文件的真实路径    String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/img/1.jpg");	    //创建输入流    InputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);	    //创建字节数组    byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];	    //将流读到字节数组中    is.read(bytes);	    //创建HttpHeaders对象设置响应头信息    MultiValueMap<String, String> headers = new HttpHeaders();	    //设置要下载方式以及下载文件的名字    headers.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.jpg");	    //设置响应状态码    HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK;	    //创建ResponseEntity对象    ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, headers, statusCode);	    //关闭输入流    is.close();	    return responseEntity;}

注意:如果报500错误,可能是项目中无法找到静态资源文件,需要对项目重新打包。

文件上传

文件上传要求form表单的请求方式必须为post,并且添加属性enctype="multipart/form-data"以二进制方式上传

SpringMVC中将上传的文件封装到MultipartFile对象中,通过此对象可以获取文件相关信息

上传步骤:

添加依赖

复制代码123456XML<!--  --><dependency>    <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>    <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>    <version>1.3.1</version></dependency>
在SpringMVC的配置文件springMVC.xml中添加配置
复制代码123XML<!--必须通过文件解析器的解析才能将文件转换为MultipartFile对象--><!--必须设置id属性,springMVC是根据id获取,且id必须设置为multipartResolver--><bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean>

index.html

复制代码1234HTML<form method="post" th:action="@{/testUp}" enctype="multipart/form-data">    <input type="file" name="photo">    <input type="submit" value="上传"></form>
控制器
复制代码123456789101112131415161718192021222324JAVA@RequestMapping("/testUp")//MultipartFile的形参名必须与index.html中的file标签的name一致public String testUp(MultipartFile photo, HttpSession session) throws IOException {    //获取上传的文件的文件名    String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename();	    //处理文件重名问题    String hzName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));    fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + hzName;	    //获取服务器中photo目录的路径    ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();    String photoPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo");    File file = new File(photoPath);    if(!file.exists()){        file.mkdir();    }    String finalPath = photoPath + File.separator + fileName;	    //实现上传功能    photo.transferTo(new File(finalPath));    return "success";}
拦截器拦截器的配置

SpringMVC中的拦截器用于拦截控制器方法的执行

SpringMVC中的拦截器需要实现HandlerInterceptor接口

HandlerInterceptor源码

复制代码1234567891011JAVApublic interface HandlerInterceptor {    default boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {        return true;    }    default void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {    }    default void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable Exception ex) throws Exception {    }}

HandlerInterceptor接口有三个默认方法

preHandle:控制器方法执行之前执行preHandle(),其boolean类型的返回值表示是否拦截或放行,返回true为放行,即调用控制器方法;返回false表示拦截,即不调用控制器方法postHandle:控制器方法执行之后执行postHandle()afterComplation:处理完视图和模型数据,渲染视图完毕之后执行afterComplation()

控制器

FirstInterceptor.java

复制代码1234567891011121314JAVApublic class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {        System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->preHandle");        return false;    }    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {        System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->postHandle");    }    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {        System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion");    }}

SpringMVC的拦截器必须在SpringMVC的配置文件中进行配置:

方式一

复制代码123XML    <mvc:interceptors>        <bean class="com.gonghr.springmvc.interceptors.FirstInterceptor"></bean>    </mvc:interceptors>

输出:

复制代码1TEXTFirstInterceptor-->preHandle
方式二
复制代码123XML    <mvc:interceptors>        <ref bean="firstInterceptor"></ref>    </mvc:interceptors>

注意提前开启注解扫描,并把拦截器放入Ioc容器

输出:

复制代码1TEXTFirstInterceptor-->preHandle

注意:以上两种配置方式都是对DispatcherServlet所处理的所有的请求进行拦截。

方式三

复制代码1234567XML    <mvc:interceptors>        <mvc:interceptor>            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>  <!--拦截所有请求-->            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/"/>  <!--不拦截主页-->            <ref bean="firstInterceptor"></ref>        </mvc:interceptor>    </mvc:interceptors>

可以进入首页

发送任意请求都会被拦截

输出:

复制代码1TEXTFirstInterceptor-->preHandle

以上配置方式可以通过ref或bean标签设置拦截器,通过mvc:mapping设置需要拦截的请求,通过mvc:exclude-mapping设置需要排除的请求,即不需要拦截的请求

/**:拦截所有请求

/*:拦截一级目录的请求

多个拦截器的执行顺序

第一个拦截器

复制代码123456789101112131415JAVA@Componentpublic class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {        System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->preHandle");        return true;    }    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {        System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->postHandle");    }    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {        System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion");    }}

第二个拦截器

复制代码123456789101112131415JAVA@Componentpublic class SecondInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {        System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->preHandle");        return true;    }    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {        System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->postHandle");    }    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {        System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->afterCompletion");    }}

两个拦截器都设置为对任意请求放行。

输出:

复制代码123456TEXTFirstInterceptor-->preHandleSecondInterceptor-->preHandleSecondInterceptor-->postHandleFirstInterceptor-->postHandleSecondInterceptor-->afterCompletionFirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion
若每个拦截器的preHandle()都返回true

此时多个拦截器的执行顺序和拦截器在SpringMVC的配置文件的配置顺序有关:

preHandle()会按照配置的顺序执行,而postHandle()和afterComplation()会按照配置的反序执行

如果设置第一个拦截器对所有请求放行,第二个拦截器对所有请求拦截。

第一个拦截器

复制代码123456789101112131415JAVA@Componentpublic class FirstInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {        System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->preHandle");        return true;    }    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {        System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->postHandle");    }    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {        System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion");    }}

第二个拦截器

复制代码123456789101112131415JAVA@Componentpublic class SecondInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {        System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->preHandle");        return false;    }    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {        System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->postHandle");    }    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {        System.out.println("SecondInterceptor-->afterCompletion");    }}

输出:

复制代码123TEXTFirstInterceptor-->preHandleSecondInterceptor-->preHandleFirstInterceptor-->afterCompletion
若某个拦截器的preHandle()返回了false

preHandle()返回false和它之前的拦截器的preHandle()都会执行,postHandle()都不执行,返回false的拦截器之前的拦截器的afterComplation()会执行

异常处理器基于配置的异常处理

SpringMVC提供了一个处理控制器方法执行过程中所出现的异常的接口:HandlerExceptionResolver

HandlerExceptionResolver接口的实现类有:DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver和SimpleMappingExceptionResolver

SpringMVC提供了自定义的异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver,使用方式:

复制代码123456789101112131415XML<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">    <property name="exceptionMappings">        <props>        	<!--        		properties的键表示处理器方法执行过程中出现的异常        		properties的值表示若出现指定异常时,设置一个新的视图名称,跳转到指定页面        	-->            <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>        </props>    </property>    <!--    	exceptionAttribute属性设置一个属性名,将出现的异常信息在请求域中进行共享    -->    <property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"></property></bean>

error.html

复制代码12HTML出现错误<p th:text="${ex}"></p>

index.html

复制代码1HTML<a th:href="@{/testException}">测试异常处理</a>
基于注解的异常处理
复制代码12345678910111213JAVA//@ControllerAdvice将当前类标识为异常处理的组件@ControllerAdvicepublic class ExceptionController {    //@ExceptionHandler用于设置所标识方法处理的异常    @ExceptionHandler(value = {ArithmeticException.class,NullPointerException.class})    //ex表示当前请求处理中出现的异常对象    public String handleArithmeticException(Exception ex, Model model){        model.addAttribute("ex", ex);        return "error";    }}

本文作者:GHR

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标签: #springmvc 上传多个文件