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本文主要研究一下mysql如何用一个列来存储多个值
实例用bit类型
• 建表及数据准备
-- 这里定义了bit(3)，表示有3位，第一位1，第二位2，第三位4create table t_bit_demo( id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, multi_value bit(3) not null default 0);-- 这里插入了1，2，4的组合值insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'000');insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'001');insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'010');insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'011');insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'100');insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'101');insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'110');insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(b'111');-- 这里直接插入int值也可以，比如5相当于101-- insert into t_bit_demo(multi_value) values(5);SELECT multi_value+0, BIN(multi_value) FROM t_bit_demo;+---------------+------------------+| multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) |+---------------+------------------+| 0 | 0 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 10 || 3 | 11 || 4 | 100 || 5 | 101 || 6 | 110 || 7 | 111 |+---------------+------------------+
• 位运算查询
-- 查询第二位有值的数据select multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo where multi_value & 2+---------------+------------------+| multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) |+---------------+------------------+| 2 | 10 || 3 | 11 || 6 | 110 || 7 | 111 |+---------------+------------------+-- 查询第三位有值的数据select multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo where multi_value & 4+---------------+------------------+| multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) |+---------------+------------------+| 4 | 100 || 5 | 101 || 6 | 110 || 7 | 111 |+---------------+------------------+-- 查询只有第三位有值的数据select multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo where multi_value = 4select multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo where multi_value = 4+---------------+------------------+| multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) |+---------------+------------------+| 4 | 100 |+---------------+------------------+
• 更新
select id,multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo+----+---------------+------------------+| id | multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) |+----+---------------+------------------+| 1 | 0 | 0 || 2 | 1 | 1 || 3 | 2 | 10 || 4 | 3 | 11 || 5 | 4 | 100 || 6 | 5 | 101 || 7 | 6 | 110 || 8 | 7 | 111 |+----+---------------+------------------+-- 将id为7的值移除第二个枚举update t_bit_demo set multi_value = b'100' where id=7select id,multi_value+0,BIN(multi_value) from t_bit_demo where id=7+----+---------------+------------------+| id | multi_value+0 | BIN(multi_value) |+----+---------------+------------------+| 7 | 4 | 100 |+----+---------------+------------------+用int/bigint类型
• 建表及数据准备
create table t_bigint_demo( id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, multi_value bigint not null default 0);-- 假设这里定义了1，2，4三个枚举值insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(0);insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(1);insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(2);insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(3);insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(4);insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(5);insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(6);insert into t_bigint_demo(multi_value) values(7);select multi_value from t_bigint_demo+-------------+| multi_value |+-------------+| 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 |+-------------+
• 查询
-- 查询包含第二个枚举的数据select multi_value,BIN(multi_value) from t_bigint_demo where multi_value & 2+-------------+------------------+| multi_value | BIN(multi_value) |+-------------+------------------+| 2 | 10 || 3 | 11 || 6 | 110 || 7 | 111 |+-------------+------------------+-- 查询包含第三个枚举的数据select multi_value,BIN(multi_value) from t_bigint_demo where multi_value & 4+-------------+------------------+| multi_value | BIN(multi_value) |+-------------+------------------+| 4 | 100 || 5 | 101 || 6 | 110 || 7 | 111 |+-------------+------------------+-- 查询值为第三个枚举的数据select multi_value,BIN(multi_value) from t_bigint_demo where multi_value =4+-------------+------------------+| multi_value | BIN(multi_value) |+-------------+------------------+| 4 | 100 |+-------------+------------------+
• 更新
select id,multi_value,BIN(multi_value) from t_bigint_demo+----+-------------+------------------+| id | multi_value | BIN(multi_value) |+----+-------------+------------------+| 1 | 0 | 0 || 2 | 1 | 1 || 3 | 2 | 10 || 4 | 3 | 11 || 5 | 4 | 100 || 6 | 5 | 101 || 7 | 6 | 110 || 8 | 7 | 111 |+----+-------------+------------------+-- 将id为7的值移除第二个枚举update t_bigint_demo set multi_value = b'100' where id=7select id,multi_value,BIN(multi_value) from t_bigint_demo where id=7+----+-------------+------------------+| id | multi_value | BIN(multi_value) |+----+-------------+------------------+| 7 | 4 | 100 |+----+-------------+------------------+用varchar类型
• 建表及数据准备
create table t_varchar_demo( id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, multi_value varchar(255) not null default '');-- 假设这里定义了1，2，4三个枚举值insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('1');insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('2');insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('1,2');insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('4');insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('1,4');insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('2,4');insert into t_varchar_demo(multi_value) values('1,2,4');select multi_value from t_varchar_demo+-------------+| multi_value |+-------------+| 1 || 2 || 1,2 || 4 || 1,4 || 2,4 || 1,2,4 |+-------------+• 查询
-- 查询包含第二个枚举的数据select multi_value from t_varchar_demo where find_in_set('2',multi_value)+-------------+| multi_value |+-------------+| 2 || 1,2 || 2,4 || 1,2,4 |+-------------+-- 查询包含第三个枚举的数据select multi_value from t_varchar_demo where find_in_set('4',multi_value)+-------------+| multi_value |+-------------+| 4 || 1,4 || 2,4 || 1,2,4 |+-------------+-- 查询只有第三个枚举的数据select multi_value from t_varchar_demo where multi_value = '4'+-------------+| multi_value |+-------------+| 4 |+-------------+• 更新
select * from t_varchar_demo+----+-------------+| id | multi_value |+----+-------------+| 1 | 1 || 2 | 2 || 3 | 1,2 || 4 | 4 || 5 | 1,4 || 6 | 2,4 || 7 | 1,2,4 |+----+-------------+-- 将id为7的值移除第二个枚举update t_varchar_demo set multi_value = '1,4' where id=7select * from t_varchar_demo where id=7+----+-------------+| id | multi_value |+----+-------------+| 7 | 1,4 |+----+-------------+用set类型
• 建表及数据准备
create table t_set_demo( id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, multi_value set('1','2','4') not null default '');insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('');insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('1');insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('2');insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('1,2');insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('4');insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('1,4');insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('2,4');insert into t_set_demo(multi_value) values('1,2,4');• 查询
-- 查询包含第二个枚举的数据，可以用位运算也可以用find_in_setselect multi_value from t_set_demo where multi_value&2select multi_value from t_set_demo where find_in_set('2',multi_value)+-------------+| multi_value |+-------------+| 2 || 1,2 || 2,4 || 1,2,4 |+-------------+-- 查询包含第三个枚举的数据，可以用位运算也可以用find_in_setselect multi_value from t_set_demo where multi_value&4select multi_value from t_set_demo where find_in_set('4',multi_value)+-------------+| multi_value |+-------------+| 4 || 1,4 || 2,4 || 1,2,4 |+-------------+-- 查询值为第三个枚举的数据select multi_value from t_set_demo where multi_value='4'+-------------+| multi_value |+-------------+| 4 |+-------------+• 更新
select * from t_set_demo+----+-------------+| id | multi_value |+----+-------------+| 1 | || 2 | 1 || 3 | 2 || 4 | 1,2 || 5 | 4 || 6 | 1,4 || 7 | 2,4 || 8 | 1,2,4 |+----+-------------+-- 将id为7的值移除第二个枚举update t_set_demo set multi_value = '1,4' where id=7select * from t_set_demo where id=7select * from t_set_demo where id=7+----+-------------+| id | multi_value |+----+-------------+| 7 | 1,4 |+----+-------------+小结
mysql用单列存储多值通常用于一对多的反范式处理，具体可以用bit、int/bigint、varchar、set类型来实现，缺点是不支持索引。
doc
•bit-type[1]
•bit-functions[2]
•function_find-in-set[3]
•set[4]
外部链接
[1] bit-type
[2] bit-functions
[3] function_find-in-set
[4] set
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