前言:
现时你们对“ubuntu 设置 ip”都比较关注,你们都需要了解一些“ubuntu 设置 ip”的相关内容。那么小编在网上汇集了一些对于“ubuntu 设置 ip””的相关知识,希望我们能喜欢,咱们快快来了解一下吧!Linux 管理员应该意识到这一点,因为这是一项例行任务。很多人想知道为什么我们需要在服务器中添加多个 IP 地址,以及为什么我们需要将它添加到单块网卡中?我说的对吗?
你可能也会有类似的问题:在 Linux 中如何为单块网卡分配多个 IP 地址?在本文中,你可以得到答案。
当我们对一个新服务器进行设置时,理想情况下它将有一个 IP 地址,即服务器主 IP 地址,它与服务器主机名对应。
我们不应在服务器主 IP 地址上托管任何应用程序,这是不可取的。如果要在服务器上托管任何应用程序,我们应该为此添加辅助 IP。
这是业界的最佳实践,它允许用户安装 SSL 证书。大多数系统都配有单块网卡,这足以添加额外的 IP 地址。
我们可以在同一个接口上添加 IP 地址,或者在同一设备上创建子接口,然后在其中添加 IP。默认情况下,一直到 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS,接口给名称为 ethX (eth0),但是从 Ubuntu 15.10 之后网络接口名称已从 ethX 更改为 enXXXXX(对于服务器是 ens33,桌面版是 enp0s3)。
在本文中,我们将教你如何在 Ubuntu 上执行此操作,并且衍生到其它发行版(to 校正:这句自己加的)。
注意:别在 DNS 详细信息后添加 IP 地址。如果是这样,DNS 将无法正常工作。
如何在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中添加临时辅助 IP 地址
在系统中添加 IP 地址之前,运行以下任一命令即可验证服务器主 IP 地址:
# ifconfig或# ip addr# ip addreth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 inet addr:192.168.56.150 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:105 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:902 (902.0 B) TX bytes:16423 (16.4 KB)eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 inet addr:10.0.3.15 Bcast:10.0.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:80 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:146 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:8698 (8.6 KB) TX bytes:17047 (17.0 KB)lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 RX bytes:1730 (1.7 KB) TX bytes:1730 (1.7 KB)
如我所见,服务器主 IP 地址是 192.168.56.150,我将下一个 IP 192.168.56.151 作为辅助 IP,使用以下方法完成:
# ip addr add 192.168.56.151/24 broadcast 192.168.56.255 dev eth0 label eth0:1
输入以下命令以检查新添加的 IP 地址。如果你重新启动服务器,那么新添加的 IP 地址会消失,因为我们的 IP 是临时添加的。
# ip addr1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:98:b7:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.56.150/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.56.151/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary eth0:1 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global eth1 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
如何在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中添加永久辅助 IP 地址
要在 Ubuntu 系统上添加永久辅助 IP 地址,只需编辑 /etc/network/interfaces 文件并添加所需的 IP 详细信息。
# vi /etc/network/interfaces# vi /etc/network/interfaces# The loopback network interfaceauto loiface lo inet loopback# The primary network interfaceauto eth0iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.56.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.56.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255 gateway 192.168.56.1auto eth0:1iface eth0:1 inet static address 192.168.56.151 netmask 255.255.255.0
保存并关闭文件,然后重启网络接口服务。
# service networking restart或# ifdown eth0:1 && ifup eth0:1
验证新添加的 IP 地址:
# ifconfigeth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 inet addr:192.168.56.150 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:b736/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:84 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:962 (962.0 B) TX bytes:11905 (11.9 KB)eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:98:b7:36 inet addr:192.168.56.151 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:6a:cf:d3 inet addr:10.0.3.15 Bcast:10.0.3.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6a:cfd3/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4924 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3185 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4037636 (4.0 MB) TX bytes:422516 (422.5 KB)lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 中临时添加辅助 IP 地址
正如本文开头所述,网络接口名称从 Ubuntu 15.10 就开始从 ‘ethX’ 更改为 ‘enXXXX’ (enp0s3),所以,替换你的接口名称。
在执行此操作之前,先检查系统上的 IP 信息:
# ifconfig或# ip addrenp0s3: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet 192.168.56.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 7 bytes 420 (420.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 294 bytes 24747 (24.7 KB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0enp0s8: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet 10.0.3.15 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.3.255 inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1 bytes 590 (590.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 97 bytes 10209 (10.2 KB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags=73 mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 325 bytes 24046 (24.0 KB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 325 bytes 24046 (24.0 KB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
如我所见,服务器主 IP 地址是 192.168.56.201,所以,我将下一个 IP 192.168.56.202 作为辅助 IP,使用以下命令完成。
# ip addr add 192.168.56.202/24 broadcast 192.168.56.255 dev enp0s3
运行以下命令来检查是否已分配了新的 IP。当你重启机器时,它会消失。
# ip addr1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.56.201/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.56.202/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: enp0s8: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8 valid_lft 86353sec preferred_lft 86353sec inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 中添加永久辅助 IP 地址
要在 Ubuntu 系统上添加永久辅助 IP 地址,只需编辑 /etc/network/interfaces 文件并添加所需 IP 的详细信息。
我们不应该在 dns-nameservers 行之后添加辅助 IP 地址,因为它不会起作用,应该以下面的格式添加 IP 详情。
此外,我们不需要添加子接口(我们之前在 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 中的做法):
# vi /etc/network/interfaces# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)auto loiface lo inet loopback# The primary network interfaceauto enp0s3iface enp0s3 inet staticaddress 192.168.56.201netmask 255.255.255.0iface enp0s3 inet staticaddress 192.168.56.202netmask 255.255.255.0gateway 192.168.56.1network 192.168.56.0broadcast 192.168.56.255dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4dns-search 2daygeek.local
保存并关闭文件,然后重启网络接口服务:
# systemctl restart networking或# ifdown enp0s3 && ifup enp0s3
运行以下命令来检查是否已经分配了新的 IP:
# ip addr1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:97:13:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.56.201/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.56.202/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global secondary enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe97:132e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: enp0s8: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:12:e8:c1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global dynamic enp0s8 valid_lft 86353sec preferred_lft 86353sec inet6 fe80::344b:6259:4dbe:eabb/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
让我来 ping 一下新 IP 地址:
# ping 192.168.56.202 -c 4PING 192.168.56.202 (192.168.56.202) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.019 ms64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.087 ms64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms64 bytes from 192.168.56.202: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms--- 192.168.56.202 ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3068msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.019/0.045/0.087/0.026 ms
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