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机器学习入门(1):Ubuntu16.04环境搭建安装Python3.7 | 100%实战

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1.Ubuntu软件升级命令(按顺序执行)

sudo apt-get update

apt list --upgradable

sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo apt autoremove

我遇到的问题:

(1)sudo: vim: command not found

解决方法:

sudo apt-get install vim

(2)E: Failed to fetch Connection failed

解决方法:

vim /etc/resolv.conf

添加nameserver 8.8.8.8

2.在Ubuntu上安装Python3.7.4

ubuntu默认的python是

rookie@ubuntu:~$ python

Python 2.7.12 (default, Nov 12 2018, 14:36:49)

[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

所以在终端输入了一下python3,发现是python3.5

rookie@ubuntu:~$ python3

Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 12 2018, 13:43:14)

[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

版本都不是最新的,下面是安装最新版本的步骤:

(1)下载网址:在中选择自己需要的python源码包,我下载的是python3.7.4

rookie@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ wget

(2)解压Python-3.7.4.tgz

tar -zxvf Python-3.7.4.tgz

(3)建立一个空文件夹,用于存放python3程序

mkdir /home/rookie/Desktop/local/python3

(4)进入到刚才解压的Python3.7.4文件夹中,执行配置文件,编译,编译安装

cd Python-3.7.4

#./configure --prefix=/home/rookie/Desktop/local/python3(试验有问题)

./configure --prefix=/home/rookie/Desktop/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-ssl

make && make install

(5)执行make && make install结果报错了

zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available

Makefile:1132: recipe for target 'install' failed

make: *** [install] Error 1

解决方法:

sudo apt install yum

sudo apt-get install net-tools

之后再make install还是报错

一般来说著名的linux系统基本上分两大类:

1 RedHat系列:Redhat、Centos、Fedora等

2 Debian系列:Debian、Ubuntu等

RedHat 系列:

1 常见的安装包格式 rpm 包,安装rpm包的命令是 “rpm -参数”

2 包管理工具 yum

3 支持tar包

Debian系列

1 常见的安装包格式 deb 包,安装deb包的命令是 “dpkg -参数”

2 包管理工具 apt-get

3 支持tar包

所以你Ubuntu不该用yum 该用apt-get

转载,文章原始出处:) 博客园:

su之后

apt-get install zlib*

然后再重新make && make install报错

from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'

Makefile:1132: recipe for target 'install' failed

make: *** [install] Error 1

参考,执行

sudo apt-get install --reinstall zlibc zlib1g zlib1g-devsudo apt-get install libffi-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev -y

(6)再次make && make install

Collecting setuptools

Collecting pip

Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip

Successfully installed pip-19.0.3 setuptools-40.8.0

安装完成没有错误提示,成功安装

如果遇到下面的问题

ln: failed to create symbolic link '/usr/bin/python': File exists

说明已经有链接链到 /usr/bin/python上了,删除即可,使用命令

rm -rf /usr/bin/python

注意python后面不能加斜杠

(7)建立软连接

root@ubuntu:/home/rookie/Downloads/Python-3.7.4# ln -s /home/rookie/Desktop/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3.7

root@ubuntu:/home/rookie/Downloads/Python-3.7.4# ln -s /home/rookie/Desktop/local/python3/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3

(8)输入Python3

root@ubuntu:/home/rookie/Downloads/Python-3.7.4# python3

Python 3.7.4 (default, Aug 6 2019, 16:57:38)

[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>>

[5]+ Stopped python3

至此,Ubuntu的Python3已经更新到最新版本了。

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