小高分享（21）C语言中的数据类型分类

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【小高分享（21）C语言中的数据类型分类】

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【 Xiaogao Share (21) Data type classification in C language 】

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C语言是一种静态类型语言，这意味着在编译时就必须知道变量的数据类型。C语言中的数据类型可以分为以下几类：

C is a statically typed language, which means that the data type of a variable must be known at compile time. Data types in C can be divided into the following categories:

1. 基本数据类型

Primary data type

基本数据类型是C语言中最基础的数据类型，包括整数类型、字符类型和浮点数类型。

Basic data types are the most basic data types in C language, including integer types, character types and floating point number types.

整数类型：用于存储整数，如int、short、long和long long。这些类型的区别在于它们所占用的内存空间大小和能够表示的数值范围。

Integer type: Used to store integers, such as int, short, long, and long long. These types differ in the amount of memory space they take up and the range of values they can represent.

字符类型：用于存储单个字符，如char。字符类型实际上是一个整数类型，它代表了字符集中的某个字符的编码。

Character type: Used to store a single character, such as char. A character type is actually an integer type that represents the encoding of a character in a character set.

浮点数类型：用于存储带有小数的数值，如float和double。这些类型的区别在于它们的精度和所占用的内存空间大小。

Floating-point type: Used to store numeric values with decimals, such as float and double. These types differ in their accuracy and the amount of memory space they take up.

2. 构造数据类型

Construct data type

构造数据类型是由一个或多个基本数据类型组合而成的复合数据类型，包括数组、结构体、联合体和枚举。

A constructed data type is a composite data type composed of one or more primitive data types, including arrays, structs, unions, and enumerations.

数组：用于存储相同类型的多个元素的集合，如int arr[10]。

Array: A collection of elements of the same type, such as int arr[10].

结构体：用于存储不同类型的数据项的集合，如struct Person{char name[20]; int age;}。

Struct: A collection of data items of different types, such as struct Person{char name[20]; int age; }.

联合体：用于存储不同类型的数据项，但在任意时刻只能存储其中一个类型的数据，如union Data{int i; float f;}。

Union: Used to store Data items of different types, but only one of them can be stored at any time, such as union Data{int i; float f; }.

枚举：用于定义一组命名的整型常量，如enum Color{RED, GREEN, BLUE}。

Enumeration: Defines a named set of integer constants, such as enum Color{RED, GREEN, BLUE}.

3. 指针数据类型

指针数据类型用于存储变量的地址，通过指针可以间接访问和修改存储在内存中的数据。

Pointer data types are used to store the addresses of variables, and Pointers can be used to indirectly access and modify data stored in memory.

指针：用于存储变量的地址，如int *p = &a;。指针类型由它所指向的数据类型决定，如int类型的指针指向int类型的变量。

Pointer: Used to store the address of a variable, such as int *p = &a; . A pointer type is determined by the data type it points to, for example, a pointer of type int points to a variable of type int.

4. 空数据类型

Null data type

空数据类型void表示没有值的数据类型，通常用于指定函数没有返回值或指针不指向具体的类型。

Void represents a data type without a value and is often used to specify that a function does not return a value or that a pointer does not point to a specific type.

空类型：用于表示没有值的数据类型，如void func(){}。void类型的指针可以指向任何类型的数据，但需要进行类型转换。

Null type: Used to represent a data type that has no value, such as void func(){}. A pointer of type void can point to any type of data, but requires type conversion.

5. 类型修饰符

Type modifier

类型修饰符用于修改基本数据类型的属性，包括signed、unsigned、short和long。

Type modifiers are used to modify properties of basic data types, including signed, unsigned, short, and long.

signed和unsigned：用于指定整数类型的符号，signed表示有符号整数，unsigned表示无符号整数。

signed and unsigned: Symbols used to specify the type of integers, signed for signed integers, unsigned for unsigned integers.

short和long：用于指定整数类型的大小，short表示短整型，long表示长整型。

short and long: Used to specify the size of an integer type, short for a short integer and long for a long integer.

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