以CentOS 7、MariaDB、PHP 7、Nginx为环境部署Nextcloud。

这次内容有点多，希望大家耐心看完

一、安装操作系统

首先安装操作系统，Nextcloud只支持Linux，由于个人习惯的原因，选择了CentOS 7，使用最小化安装（为了保证之后的步骤能在只有最小化安装的VPS上重现，也为了节约硬件资源）。

最小化的CentOS 7安装完毕后，默认是没有启用网卡的，在本地登录系统后，首先进入网络配置目录，列出目录中的网卡配置文件

cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ll | grep ifcfg-

运行结果

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/[root@localhost network-scripts]# ll | grep ifcfg-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 312 Aug 30 10:01 ifcfg-enp0s3-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 254 Sep 12 2016 ifcfg-lo

除了ifcfg-lo以外的那个文件就是网卡配置文件，具体名称可能会有所不同。

然后使用vi编辑该文件，将最后一行“ONBOOT=no”改成“ONBOOT=yes”并保存退出。

通过命令重启网络服务，是配置生效

service network restart

如果不想通过DHCP动态获取IP地址，也可以在网络配置文件中添加以下配置项指定网络参数

IPADDR0=192.168.21.128 #设置IP地址PREFIXO0=24 #设置子网掩码GATEWAY0=192.168.21.2 #设置网关DNS1=8.8.8.8 #设置主DNSDNS2=8.8.4.4 #设置备DNS

网卡启用后，就可以通过SSH远程操作、通过yum方便的安装程序了。

查看ip地址，可以通过ip命令

ip addr

二、安装配置环境

1、安装基本工具

安装yum额外源、wget、unzip、gcc等基本工具

yum -y install epel-release wget unzip gccyum -y install libsmbclient libsmbclient-devel redis

关闭SELinux，可先通过sestatus -v命令查看SELinux是否开启

/usr/sbin/sestatus -v

修改/etc/selinux/config，将’SELINUX=enforcing’改为’SELINUX=disabled’，重启系统即可生效，或者本次可以使用’setenforce 0’临时关闭。

2、安装MariaDB

通过yum安装MariaDB

yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

开启、启动服务，运行管理工具

systemctl enable mariadb.servicesystemctl start mariadb.servicemysql_secure_installation

mysql_secure_installation的输入如下，牢记自己的数据库root密码

Set root password? [Y/n] YNew password:Re-enter new password:Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] YDisallow root login remotely? [Y/n] YRemove test database and access to it? [Y/n] YReload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

登录到mysql shell为Nextcloud创建用户和数据库。

mysql -u root -p

验证root密码后，在mysql shell执行

create database nextcloud_db;create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';flush privileges;exit

这样就创建了一个nextcloud_db数据库和nextclouduser用户，用户密码为’nextclouduser@’。

3、安装Nginx

通过yum安装Nginx

yum -y install nginxmkdir /var/wwwchown -R nginx:nginx /var/www

开启、启动Nginx服务

systemctl enable nginx.servicesystemctl start nginx.service

使用nginx -s reload可以重载配置而不需要重启nginx

开放防火墙HTTP、HTTPS端口

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=httpfirewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=httpssystemctl restart firewalld

4、安装PHP

添加PHP7-FPM webtatic仓库，安装php7主体以及nextcloud需要的一些模块。

rpm -Uvh  -y install php71w-fpm php71w-cli php71w-gd php71w-mcrypt php71w-mysql php71w-pear php71w-xml php71w-mbstring php71w-pdo php71w-json php71w-opcache php71w-pecl-apcu php71w-pecl-apcu-devel php71w-pecl-igbinary php71w-pecl-igbinary-devel php71w-pecl-imagick php71w-pecl-imagick-devel php71w-pecl-redis php71w-pecl-redis-develvi /etc/php-fpm.d/

编辑/etc/php-fpm.d/

;修改user和group这两行，大概在8行左右user = nginxgroup = nginx;取消这几行的注释，大概在第370行左右env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAMEenv[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/binenv[TMP] = /tmpenv[TMPDIR] = /tmpenv[TEMP] = /tmp

建立相关目录，修改相关目录权限

mkdir -p /var/lib/php/sessionchown -R nginx:nginx /var/lib/php/session/vi /etc/php.d/opcache.ini

修改/etc/php.d/opcache.ini，将以下行注释去掉，并修改为对应的配置值

zend_extension=opcache.soopcache.enable=1opcache.enable_cli=1opcache.memory_consumption=128opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000opcache.revalidate_freq=1opcache.save_comments=1

安装smbclient扩展模块

yum -y install libsmbclient libsmbclient-develpecl install smbclientvi /etc/php.d/smbclient.ini

新建/etc/php.d/smbclient.ini，添加如下内容

extension=smbclient.so

开启、启动php-fpm服务

systemctl enable php-fpm.servicesystemctl start php-fpm.service

三、安装Nextcloud

1、下载并解压到www目录

wget  nextcloud-12.0.2.zipmv nextcloud /var/www/chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www

2、生成SSL证书

mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.keychmod 700 /etc/nginx/certchmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*

3、在Nginx配置

修改nginx服务配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf为以下内容，将“yourname.domain”替换为自己的域名，修改client_max_body_size可以设置最大可上传的文件大小

#user nobody;worker_processes 1;#error_log logs/error.log;#error_log logs/error.log notice;#error_log logs/error.log info;#pid logs/nginx.pid;events { worker_connections 1024;}http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; upstream php-handler { server 127.0.0.1:9000; #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; } server { listen 80; server_name yourname.domain; # enforce https return 301 ; } server { listen 443 ssl http2; server_name yourname.domain; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key; # Add headers to serve security related headers # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this # topic first. # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; # includeSubDomains; preload;"; # # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about # the consequences in . This option # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list # could take several months. add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff; add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"; add_header X-Robots-Tag none; add_header X-Download-Options noopen; add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none; # Path to the root of your installation root /var/www/nextcloud/; location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app. # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app. #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last; #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json # last; location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav; } location = /.well-known/caldav { return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav; } # set max upload size client_max_body_size 512M; fastcgi_buffers 64 4K; # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers gzip on; gzip_vary on; gzip_comp_level 4; gzip_min_length 256; gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth; gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy; # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module # This module is currently not supported. #pagespeed off; location / { rewrite ^ /index.php$uri; } location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ { deny all; } location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) { deny all; } location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/) { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param HTTPS on; #Avoid sending the security headers twice fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; fastcgi_pass php-handler; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_request_buffering off; } location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) { try_files $uri/ =404; index index.php; } # Adding the cache control header for js and css files # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ { try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args; add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463"; # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to # have those duplicated to the ones above) # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into # this topic first. # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; # includeSubDomains; preload;"; # # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about # the consequences in . This option # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list # could take several months. add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff; add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"; add_header X-Robots-Tag none; add_header X-Download-Options noopen; add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none; # Optional: Don't log access to assets access_log off; } location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ { try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args; # Optional: Don't log access to other assets access_log off; } }}

让Nginx重新载入配置

nginx -s reload

4、初始化

使用域名或者IP访问，就会出现初始设置页面，在这里设置Nextcloud管理员用户名和密码，然后选择使用的数据库为MySQL/MariaDB，填入之前设置数据库时的用户名（nextclouduser）、密码（nextclouduser@）、数据库名称（nextcloud_db），然后确认进行初始化后就可以使用了。

5、添加信任域名

Nextcloud本身的安全机制，会检查访问的域名，如果没有配置在信任域名中，会提示正在通过不信任的域名访问。

Nextcloud初始化完毕后，会生成“/var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php”配置文件，里面的’trusted_domains’配置项为信任域名，初始化完毕后只有一项，为主机的IP地址。可以修改该配置项，添加绑定的域名

'trusted_domains' =>array ( 0 => '192.168.56.101', 1 => 'yourname.domain',),

6、开启内存缓存

开启内存缓存，可以提升响应速度。之前我们已经通过yum安装了redis服务，通过pecl安装了php的apcu、redis组件，下面先把redis设置为系统服务，再修改Nextcloud的配置。

安装、配置redis服务，设置服务自启、启动服务

yum -y install redissystemctl enable redissystemctl start redis

修改/var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php文件，在配置加入

'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu','memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis','redis' => array(  'host' => 'localhost',  'port' => 6379, ),

让Nginx重新载入配置

nginx -s reload