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in case是事先的“未雨绸缪,以防...”,而不是“一旦如何就到时对付”,这个重要但又容易模糊的区别,可以从下面的例子得到较好的说明:... the only constitutional duty of a vice president, which is standing by in case a president dies or becomes incapacitated. (Jim VandeHei and John F. Harris, Politico, Aug. 30, 2008) ...副总统唯一的宪法职务,亦即备位准备万一总统去世或丧失履行职务的能力。这里的standing by是现在就必须实现的“未雨绸缪”延续状态,而总统缺位则是未来可能发生的瞬时事件,两者一先一后,这是使用in case所必须具备的条件。如果是同时发生的瞬时事件,就不能用in case(例如不能理解为“一旦总统去世或丧失履行职务的能力,副总统就必须stand by”)。in case还可以不作为连词词组,后面不引入从句,而作为副词词组,表示“以防万一”、“以备不时之需”、“有备无患”,此时前面还可以加上just,成为just in case。
She ought to be there in case. 她应该在那里,以备万一。
... and taking into consideration the vagaries of the English climate, I like to take some woollens just in case. (Graham Greene, Travels with My Aunt) ...考虑到英格兰气候的变幻莫测,我打算随身带一些毛衣,以备不时之需。
但是just in case有时候也可以不是副词词组而是连词词组,引入一个从句。
The room has a stained-glass window with two small light bulbs just in case there isn't enough natural sunlight to show off the artwork. 厅房有一面彩色玻璃窗,装有两个小灯泡,以备天然阳光不足时给艺术品照明。
(3) 但是in case of则的确是“如果遇到”、“万一发生”的意思,不是“(预先做某事)以防万一”。
Do you know what to do in case of fire? 你知道遇到火灾该怎么办吗?
in case of有时候在case前面加上定冠词the,此时in the case of则是“就...而论”。后面如果是不定指的名词,仍多少有点“如果”的意思。
In the case of cancer or heart disease the only person who literally gets hurt is the one who failed to get to his doctor in time. (Glenn V. Carmichael, Ford Times, Sept. 1966) 就癌症或是心脏病而论,唯一真正吃亏的人,就是没有及时去找大夫看的人。
... asked if he would, in the case of an emergency, be willing to lend me some money. (Jane Harriman, Atlantic, March 1970) ...问他万一是急病的话他愿不愿意借给我一点钱。但是如果in the case of后面是定指的名词,则没有“如果”的意思,单纯是“就...论”。
... leniency would be a mistake in the case of the confirmed young criminal... (Current Biography, 1947) ...对于这个定了罪的青年罪犯来说,如果宽大处理,就是错误的
...In the case of the Hollywood writers, some of the accused took their case to courts. (Collier's Year Book, 1949) 具体到好莱坞的脚本写作者来说,有些被告把案子闹到法庭上去了。
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