回顾改革开放四十年，中国创造出一套与中国实际国情不断相适应的经济模式。而这套经济模式也给中国带来飞跃式的成长，短短几十年的时间，中国从贫穷落后的国家，一跃成为全球第二大经济体，这套中国经济模式也引来多个新兴经济体的多方位的效仿，时任印尼贸易部长的冯慧兰称，印尼将会参考中国成功的经济特区的经验。在美版知乎Quora上，印尼网友提问道：印尼落后中国多少年？它能在20年内复制中国的成功吗？这个问题引起各国网友的热议，我们看看他们的观点。

问题：印尼可以在二十年内复制中国的成功吗？二者相差多少年？

捷克网友埃米尔•奥普力撒的回答

It seems that everyone in the world thinks that China's experience can be copied, but the fact is that China's advantages are very unique.

似乎世界上每个人都认为中国的经验可以复制，但事实是，中国的优势非常独特。

Most people believe that China's economic miracle began with the "reform and opening up" policy in the 1980s. However, this is a common misunderstanding.

大多数人认为，中国的经济奇迹始于20世纪80年代的“改革开放”政策，然而，这是一个常见的误解。

"Industrialization" is an important word that needs special mention in China's development. Before opening its doors, China was already a fully industrialized country. This means that China has sufficient qualified labor force (including workers and engineers), perfect supply chain system and transportation system, and the ability to replicate almost all primary and intermediate products. What it lacks is only capital, technology and management experience. These are what China needs and what Western investors can bring to China.

“工业化”是中国发展中需要特别提到的重要词汇。在打开国门之前，中国已经是一个完全工业化的国家。这意味着中国有充足的合格劳动力（包括工人和工程师），完善的供应链系统和运输系统，以及复制几乎所有初中级产品的能力，它所缺少的只是资金、技术和管理经验。这些是中国需要的，也是西方投资者可以带给中国的。

For example, when you want to invest in a toy factory in China, the process is basically as follows:

举一个例子，当你想在中国投资一家玩具厂时，过程基本如下：

First, you must deal with the local government. In China, especially in the previous years (1980-2010), how much investment they attracted is a key indicator to evaluate the performance of local officials. Therefore, they will do their best to provide you with the most attractive support so that you can invest there. There is no need to worry about the location and supporting facilities of the factory. The local people will handle it well.

首先，你必须与当地政府打交道。在中国，特别是在前几年（1980-2010年），他们吸引了多少投资是评估地方官员政绩的一个关键指标。因此，他们会尽最大努力为您提供最具吸引力的支持，让您在那里投资。工厂的位置和配套设施基本不用担心，当地人会处理好的。

Then you need to hire some advanced knowledge talents. In the early days, China could provide 1 million college graduates every year. Now, the number has exceeded 7 million. They are a well-educated workforce and usually have sufficient English / other foreign language skills for daily communication. You can recruit any number of employees from the market.

然后你需要雇佣一些高级知识人才。中国早期每年可提供100万名大学毕业生，现在这个数字超过了700万。他们是受过良好教育的劳动力，通常有足够的英语/其他外语技能进行日常交流，你可以从市场上招聘任何数量的员工。

We often talk about China's low labor cost. Most people only see the wage part and ignore the efficiency part. In most cases, you can't directly send the farmers to the factory, which will cause confusion in management. Modern industry needs highly disciplined and efficient labor.

我们经常谈论中国的低劳动力成本，大多数人只看到工资部分，而忽视了效率部分。在大多数情况下，你不能直接把农民送到工厂，那管理起来会很混乱，现代工业需要纪律严明、效率高的劳动力。

Almost all Chinese workers have completed nine years of basic education, and China's basic education system is carefully designed for industrial purposes. Many other countries have lower labor costs but are far less efficient than Chinese workers.

几乎所有中国工人都完成了9年的基础教育，中国的基础教育体系就是为工业目的而精心设计的。许多其他国家的劳动力成本更低，但效率远低于中国工人。

After purchasing and installing machines in the factory, the factory can now start production. Electricity is a big problem in India and other countries. China has the capacity to generate 1.525 billion kilowatts per hour. You need not worry about it at all.

在工厂购买并安装机器后，工厂现在就可以开始生产了。电力在印度等国家是很大的问题，中国有能力每小时发电15.25亿千瓦，你完全不必为此担心。

电网

In the toy industry, different toys may require labels, plastic and textile components. In addition, painting, polishing and packaging are also required during the manufacturing process. Therefore, you need support from processing plants, petrochemical industries, textile mills, dye factories, grinding wheel factories and paper mills. You can easily find corresponding partners in the local area, which makes your supply chain management easier. In other words, it can save you time and money.

在玩具行业，不同的玩具可能需要标签、塑料和纺织部件。此外，在制造过程中，还需要喷漆、抛光和包装过程。因此，需要来自加工厂、石化行业、纺织厂、染料厂、砂轮厂和造纸厂的支持，你可以在当地轻易找到相应的合作方，这让您的供应链管理起来更容易，换句话说，它可以节省你的时间和金钱。

When products are produced, you need to send them to your dealers. The Chinese government is famous for its crazy infrastructure construction. In China, people think that if a place wants to get rich, it needs to build roads first. Almost every village in China has a convenient road system. It has a high-speed railway network, thousands of ports and airports, so China's transportation is not a problem.

产品生产出来，你需要把它们寄给你的经销商，中国政府以其疯狂的基础设施建设而闻名。在中国，人们认为，如果一个地方想致富，首先需要修路。中国几乎每个村庄都有便捷的道路系统。它拥有高速铁路网、数千个港口和机场，因此，中国的交通不是问题。

Now you see, you just need to bring your money and management experience to China, and then you can get everything you want.

现在你看，你只需要把你的钱和管理经验带到中国，然后你就能得到你想要的一切。

I am not familiar with Indonesia. How many years before it can realize the advantages I mentioned above? Only by doing so can Indonesia replicate and even surpass China's success.

我对印度尼西亚不熟悉。多少年后它才能实现我上面提到的优势？只有做到这几点，印度尼西亚才能复制甚至超越中国的成功。

越南网友利夫汗的回答

I have been to these two countries. It can be said that the urbanization level of Indonesia still lags far behind that of China. I have visited rural areas in Indonesia, but not in China. Although I think the difference between them is not as obvious as the difference between the major urban centers of the two countries. The long road I mentioned earlier is also relative. Depending on various factors, it may take 20 to 50 years for Indonesia to reach China's development level.

我去过这两个国家，可以说，印度尼西亚的城市化程度仍然远远落后于中国的城市化水平。我曾访问过印度尼西亚的农村地区，但没有访问过中国的农村地区。尽管我认为，他们之间的差异不像两国主要城市中心之间的差异那么明显。我前面提到的漫长道路也是相对的。取决于多种因素，印度尼西亚要达到中国的发展水平可能需要20到50年的时间。

I think Indonesia can imitate China to a certain extent, but there are some major differences between the two countries. From a geographical point of view, there are advantages and disadvantages.

我认为印度尼西亚可以在一定程度上效仿中国，但两国之间存在一些重大差异。从地理角度来看，有优势也有劣势。

First, Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world, which means that infrastructure construction may be more difficult and expensive. In addition, this may lead to more unbalanced economic development, for example, it will lead to the development of islands such as Java much faster than Sulawesi. But this may also be an advantage, because most cities with large population can obtain the cheapest mode of transportation: sea transportation.

首先，印度尼西亚是世界上最大的群岛，这意味着基础设施建设可能更加困难和昂贵。此外，这可能导致经济发展更加不平衡，例如，这会导致爪哇这样的岛屿比苏拉威西岛发展得快得多。但这也可能是一个优势，因为大多数人口聚集的城市都能获得最便宜的运输方式：海运。

In terms of geographical location, Indonesia is located in the busiest sea and land center in the world, with great geographical advantages. If properly developed, this will bring great benefits. Indonesia can export its goods and services to the two largest markets in the world. There is no doubt that both India and China will surpass the United States at some point and become the world's leading economies. It is only a matter of time.

就地理位置而言，印度尼西亚位于世界上最繁忙的海陆中心，具有巨大的地缘优势。如果开发得当，这将带来巨大的好处。印度尼西亚可以向世界上最大的两个市场出口其商品和服务。毫无疑问，印度和中国都将在某一点上超过美国，成为世界领先经济体，这只是时间问题。

Compared with China, Indonesia obviously does not have a large area of land and a rich climate belt. This brings obvious advantages to China, because China's scale brings greater opportunities for specific types of development. The vast geographical area also means that there are more resources in almost all categories. From subtropical to subarctic, China can grow more kinds of crops and plants.

与中国相比，印度尼西亚所不具备的显然是大片土地和丰富的气候带。这给中国带来了明显的优势，因为中国的规模为特定类型的发展带来了更大的机会。广阔的地理面积也意味着在几乎所有门类上都有更多的资源。从亚热带到亚北极，中国可以种植更多种类的作物和植物。

Another thing that sets China apart from countries like Indonesia is its form of government. Its government can carry out large-scale projects more easily because it can more easily remove the "obstacles" on the road of these projects.

另一件让中国从印度尼西亚此类国家脱颖而出的事情是它的政府形式。它的政府更轻松地开展大规模项目，因为它可以更容易地消除这些项目道路上的“障碍”。

One sensitive point that no one wants to talk about is religion. Although no one will admit this, some enterprises may be reluctant to invest here for fear of the rise of extremism. China is a typical secular country, and its environment is much more relaxed. I do not want to discuss this issue further because I do not want to derail this discussion.

一个没有人愿意谈论的敏感点是宗教。尽管没有人会承认这一点，但可能有一些企业因为担心极端主义抬头而不愿在此投资，而中国是一个典型的世俗国家，其环境要宽松得多。我不想进一步讨论这个问题，因为我不想让这次讨论脱轨。

On the whole, I believe that Indonesia's future will be bright, because it is at the crossroads of the two largest players on the world stage, benefiting from a large and young population and some impressive resources. It is hard to say that this success will be achieved in the next 20 years, but considering the pace of development in the world today and the scale and speed of changes in these parts of the world in the past few decades, it is not impossible.

总的来说，我相信印度尼西亚的未来将是光明的，因为它处于世界舞台上两个最大角色的十字路口，受益于庞大、年轻的人口和一些令人印象深刻的资源。很难说这一成功会在未来20年内实现，但考虑到当今世界的发展步伐，以及过去几十年在世界这些地区发生的变革的规模和速度，这不是不可能。

I just hope that Indonesia can learn from China's experience and focus on renewable energy, recycling and sustainability in a more environmentally friendly way from the beginning. Indonesia is the guardian of the only primitive rainforests in this region of the world. For the sake of future generations, I hope it can complete its task.

我只希望印度尼西亚能从中国的经验中吸取教训，从一开始就以更环保的方式，专注于可再生能源、循环利用和可持续性。印度尼西亚是世界上该地区仅存的一些原始雨林的守护者，为了子孙后代，我希望它能够完成自己的任务。

印尼网友艾伦•罗哈斯的回答

As an Indonesian, I think Indonesia lags behind China for 30 years in infrastructure and economic development.

作为一个印尼人，我认为印尼在基础设施和经济发展方面落后中国30年。

Infrastructure - within a few decades, China can even build roads in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, which are far away from Shanghai and Guangzhou. China already has an extensive high-speed railway network, and Indonesia's idea is still under discussion.

基础设施-在几十年内，中国甚至能够在距离上海和广州很远的云南和四川等省份修建公路，中国已经拥有广泛的高速铁路网络，而印度尼西亚的设想还存在于讨论中。

Technology - within a decade, China has become a leader in drone Technology (DJI) and electric vehicles. While Indonesia still relies on Japanese and Chinese companies to invest in the automobile manufacturing industry in Indonesia, in fact, we are still importing basic manufacturing machinery from China. For decades, the only Indonesian company that has occupied the overseas market is indomie.

技术-在十年内，中国已经成为无人机技术（DJI）的领导者，也是电动汽车的领导者。而印度尼西亚仍然依赖日本和中国公司在印度尼西亚投资汽车制造业，事实上，我们仍在从中国进口基本制造机器。几十年来，唯一占领海外市场的印尼公司是Indomie。

Fortune - 20 years ago, we thought China was a poor socialist country. Now, we are attracting them to Indonesia because we need their RMB. China's per capita GDP (PPP) is much higher than Indonesia's, which means their living standards are much higher.

财富-20年前，我们认为中国是一个贫穷的社会主义国家，而现在，我们正在吸引他们来印度尼西亚，因为我们需要他们的人民币。中国的人均GDP（PPP）远高于印度尼西亚，这意味着他们的生活水平要高得多。

China has better policies and willpower to develop the country and bring wealth to its citizens. For example, the government has begun to focus on the development of renewable energy, while Indonesia only connected Banten to Central Java by highway last year.

中国有更好的政策和意志力来发展国家，从而为公民带来财富。例如，政府已经开始专注于开发可再生能源，而印度尼西亚去年才通过高速公路把万丹连接到中爪哇。

Obviously, we still have a long way to go in meeting Chinese standards, which requires more than willpower and government policies. Even developed countries such as Japan have failed in technology, let alone Indonesia.

显然，我们在达到中国标准方面还有很长的路要走，这需要的不仅仅是意志力和政府政策。就连日本这样的发达国家在技术方面已经力不从心了，更不用说印度尼西亚了。

Please note to those who have comments in the comment area:

评论区有意见的各位请注意：

Some people are unhappy with me that Indonesia is 30 years behind China. The Indonesian people have the ability to develop like China, but they do not have the political will to develop. I said that I did not consider political factors in my reply. Let's discuss:

有一些人对我说印度尼西亚在中国落后30年感到不快。印度尼西亚人民有能力像中国一样发展，但没有发展的政治意愿，说我在回答中没有考虑政治因素，那我们就探讨一下：

For the past 10 years, before the current president, Indonesia has been led by an extremely incompetent president. He is one of the reasons why Indonesia lags behind. Now, Indonesia is lucky to have president jokowi. If we are still ruled by him in the next 20 years, I think Indonesia can catch up with China soon.

在过去的10年里，在现任总统之前，印度尼西亚由一位极其无能的总统领导。他是印度尼西亚落后的原因之一。现在，印尼很幸运有佐科维总统。如果我们在未来20年仍然由他统治，我认为印度尼西亚可以很快赶上中国。

What people have not considered is that in the worst case of corrupt politicians like fadley Zong or Fahri Hamza or Norwood Habib rizik coming to power in the future, Indonesia will fall into chaos, which may kill the development of Indonesia. In addition, honest politicians like ahok were imprisoned. This is my question to you. If an honest politician is imprisoned for a mistake made by these corrupt politicians, how will a country develop???

人们没有考虑的是未来像法德利·宗或法赫里·哈姆扎或诺克伍德·哈比卜·里齐克这样的腐败政客上台的最坏情况，印尼将陷入一片混乱，可能会扼杀印尼的发展。此外，像阿霍克这样的诚实政治家也被监禁了。这是我向你们提出的问题，如果一个诚实的政治家因为一个错误而被监禁，而这个错误是由这些腐败的政客们制造的，那么一个国家将如何发展？？？

菲律宾网友阿瑞尔•利塔瓦的回答

China is several light years ahead of Indonesia.

中国比印度尼西亚领先几光年。

1. China has the most extensive high-speed train network in the world, while Indonesia has only recently begun to build a line with the help of China.

1.中国拥有世界上最广泛的高速列车网络，而印度尼西亚在中国的帮助下最近才开始修建一条线路。

2. China plans to build 100 nuclear power plants. Meanwhile, Indonesian officials said that we would have to wait 100 years to have a nuclear power plant (this was mentioned in an article a few years ago). Needless to say, the Indonesian people are constantly being promoted for fear that this is the only known environmentally sound and powerful sustainable energy source.

2.中国计划建造100座核电站，与此同时，印尼官员表示，我们要等100年才能拥有一座核电站（几年前的一篇文章中提到了这一点）。更不用说，印度尼西亚人民不断受到宣传，担心这是唯一已知的无害环境和强大的持续能源来源。

3. Indonesia's Lapan only plans to develop a space launch vehicle in the 1930s. Like all Indonesian government plans, it is not sure whether they will really do so.

3.印度尼西亚的拉潘只计划在21世纪30年代开发一种空间运载火箭，正如印度尼西亚所有政府计划一样，目前还不确定他们是否真的会这样做。

4. China has its own aircraft carrier, while the Indonesian navy lacks the fuel for effective operation.

4.中国有自己的航空母舰，与此同时，印度尼西亚海军缺乏有效运作所需的燃料。

5.China has the world's fastest supercomputer tianhe-2, and Indonesia has no one to compare with it.

5.中国拥有世界上最快的超级计算机天河二号，印尼没有任何一台可以与之相比。

6. Since the 1980s, China has built expressways that can fill Java island and Sumatra island. During the administration of President jokowi in Indonesia, I suspect that we only built more than 1000 kilometers in the same period.

6.自20世纪80年代以来，中国修建的高速公路可以填满爪哇岛和苏门答腊岛。印度尼西亚在佐科维总统管理时期，我怀疑我们在同一时期只建造了1000多公里。

7. China is a nuclear power, and Indonesia signed the nuclear non proliferation treaty before it possessed a nuclear bomb.

7.中国是一个核大国，印度尼西亚在拥有一枚核弹之前签署了《核不扩散条约》。

8. China has Tencent, BYD and Huawei, and Indonesia has nothing to compare with these giants.

8.中国有腾讯、比亚迪、华为，印度尼西亚没有任何东西可以与这些巨人相比。

9. China manufactures its own tanks, missiles and fighter planes, while Indonesia is the purchaser.

9.中国制造自己的坦克、导弹和战斗机，而印度尼西亚是采购方。

南水北调

10. China is currently building the world's largest water diversion project to solve the water shortage problem in Beijing. Indonesia can only solve this problem by selling the water supply company in Jakarta to Lyon and praying. OK, there is a project in West Java to siphon more water from the reservoir, but this is only a temporary solution, like adding more straws to the same glass of water.

10.中国目前正在建设世界上最大的引水工程，以解决北京的水资源短缺问题。印度尼西亚只能通过将雅加达的供水公司出售给法国里昂公司并祈祷解决了这个问题。好的，西爪哇有一个从水库中虹吸更多水的项目，但这只是一个临时解决方案，就像在同一杯水中添加更多的吸管。

Do I need to continue the list?

我需要继续列下去吗？