对于普通的服务器来说，磁盘还大都是机械硬盘，对于机械硬盘而言，经常会出现坏道，影响整体的磁盘读写速度，严重会导致数据丢失，此时我们需要更换故障的硬盘，接下来模拟操作整个更换过程，环境如下：

系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.9 (Maipo)。

磁盘：三块5GB的测试硬盘

系统磁盘分区情况如下:

[root@node1 ~]# lsblkNAME                MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda                   8:0    0  100G  0 disk ├─sda1                8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot└─sda2                8:2    0   99G  0 part   ├─rhel_node1-root 253:0    0 91.1G  0 lvm  /  └─rhel_node1-swap 253:1    0  7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]sdb                   8:16   0    5G  0 disk sdc                   8:32   0    5G  0 disk sdd                   8:48   0    5G  0 disk sr0                  11:0    1 1024M  0 rom [root@node1 data]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.9 (Maipo)[root@node1 data]# 

sdb/sdc/sdd 是用来模拟的三块5G的硬盘，sda是系统盘。

1、创建PV/VG

[root@node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd{b..c}  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.  Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created.[root@node1 ~]# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc  Volume group "vg01" successfully created[root@node1 ~]# 

2、创建LV

[root@node1 ~]# lvcreate -n lv01 -L 6G vg01  Logical volume "lv01" created.

3、格式化LV并挂载

[root@node1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Discarding device blocks: done                            Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks393216 inodes, 1572864 blocks78643 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=161061273648 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736Allocating group tables: done                            Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@node1 ~]# mkdir /datamkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data’: File exists[root@node1 ~]# [root@node1 ~]# [root@node1 ~]# [root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg01-lv01 /data[  343.999156] EXT4-fs (dm-2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)[root@node1 ~]# df -hFilesystem                   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted ondevtmpfs                     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /devtmpfs                        3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shmtmpfs                        3.9G  8.5M  3.9G   1% /runtmpfs                        3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/mapper/rhel_node1-root   92G   26G   66G  28% //dev/sda1                   1014M  137M  878M  14% /boottmpfs                        799M     0  799M   0% /run/user/0/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01        5.8G   24M  5.5G   1% /data

4、查看PV占用情况

[root@node1 ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb  --- Physical volume ---  PV Name               /dev/sdb  VG Name               vg01  PV Size               5.00 GiB / not usable 0     Allocatable           yes (but full)  PE Size               4.00 MiB  Total PE              1280  Free PE               0  Allocated PE          1280  PV UUID               U97Zlh-om7D-zCcD-o94u-h1qA-DFqe-3fXglk   [root@node1 ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdc  --- Physical volume ---  PV Name               /dev/sdc  VG Name               vg01  PV Size               5.00 GiB / not usable 0     Allocatable           yes   PE Size               4.00 MiB  Total PE              1280  Free PE               1024  Allocated PE          256  PV UUID               ujyD0m-6nmn-tPd6-lYH0-tuTD-jXir-MiNoTS

5、上传文件测试(这里使用dd模拟出测试文件)

[root@node1 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/disk01.img count=0 bs=1 seek=5G0+0 records in0+0 records out0 bytes (0 B) copied, 0.00214895 s, 0.0 kB/s[root@node1 ~]# cd /data[root@node1 data]# ls -ltrhtotal 16Kdrwx------ 2 root root  16K Apr 30 13:23 lost+found-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.0G Apr 30 13:27 disk01.img[root@node1 data]# [root@node1 data]# [root@node1 data]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb  --- Physical volume ---  PV Name               /dev/sdb  VG Name               vg01  PV Size               5.00 GiB / not usable 0     Allocatable           yes (but full)  PE Size               4.00 MiB  Total PE              1280  Free PE               0  Allocated PE          1280  PV UUID               U97Zlh-om7D-zCcD-o94u-h1qA-DFqe-3fXglk   [root@node1 data]# pvdisplay /dev/sdc  --- Physical volume ---  PV Name               /dev/sdc  VG Name               vg01  PV Size               5.00 GiB / not usable 0     Allocatable           yes   PE Size               4.00 MiB  Total PE              1280  Free PE               1024  Allocated PE          256  PV UUID               ujyD0m-6nmn-tPd6-lYH0-tuTD-jXir-MiNoTS

从如上代码和图中可以看出，/dev/sdb空间已经分配完毕。

6、使用md5sum验证数据完整

备注：如果存储是重要数据，需要使用md5sum验证，这是测试使用的是dd生成的文件，这一步可以不做的

[root@node1 data]# md5sum disk01.img ec4bcc8776ea04479b786e063a9ace45  disk01.img

7、硬盘故障以及添加新硬盘

假设sdb磁盘目前存在一些问题，需要使用sdd来替换：

7.1 添加sdd磁盘

[root@node1 data]# pvcreate /dev/sdd  Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.[root@node1 data]# vgextend vg01 /dev/sdd  Volume group "vg01" successfully extended[root@node1 data]# 

7.2 验证VG中所有的物理PV

[root@node1 data]# vgdisplay  -v vg01  --- Volume group ---  VG Name               vg01  System ID               Format                lvm2  Metadata Areas        3  Metadata Sequence No  3  VG Access             read/write  VG Status             resizable  MAX LV                0  Cur LV                1  Open LV               1  Max PV                0  Cur PV                3  Act PV                3  VG Size               15.00 GiB  PE Size               4.00 MiB  Total PE              3840  Alloc PE / Size       1536 / 6.00 GiB  Free  PE / Size       2304 / 9.00 GiB  VG UUID               50q2Cv-WLcJ-iaT1-5sCf-YZ2n-IttG-81w0lt     --- Logical volume ---  LV Path                /dev/vg01/lv01  LV Name                lv01  VG Name                vg01  LV UUID                lxFdDV-CIpa-di8u-Clhb-92dl-EXzG-C1ZGh2  LV Write Access        read/write  LV Creation host, time node1, 2024-04-30 13:23:24 +0800  LV Status              available  # open                 1  LV Size                6.00 GiB  Current LE             1536  Segments               2  Allocation             inherit  Read ahead sectors     auto  - currently set to     8192  Block device           253:2     --- Physical volumes ---  PV Name               /dev/sdb       PV UUID               U97Zlh-om7D-zCcD-o94u-h1qA-DFqe-3fXglk  PV Status             allocatable  Total PE / Free PE    1280 / 0     PV Name               /dev/sdc       PV UUID               ujyD0m-6nmn-tPd6-lYH0-tuTD-jXir-MiNoTS  PV Status             allocatable  Total PE / Free PE    1280 / 1024     PV Name               /dev/sdd       PV UUID               HY2XfL-1ui3-4BSs-HtD3-PCYL-7Z01-eJsWpx  PV Status             allocatable  Total PE / Free PE    1280 / 1280

如上看到该VG(vg01)中目前已经包含三块磁盘sdb/sdc/sdd。

目前磁盘sdd还未使用

7.2、迁移数据

[root@node1 data]# pvmove /dev/sdb /dev/sdd  /dev/sdb: Moved: 0.23%  /dev/sdb: Moved: 50.39%  /dev/sdb: Moved: 73.75%  /dev/sdb: Moved: 100.00%[root@node1 data]# pvdisplay /dev/sdb

通过如上的迁移操作，sdb已经没有任何数据了。

数据已经迁移到sdd，sdd空间已经使用完。

7.3、移除磁盘

[root@node1 data]# vgreduce vg01 /dev/sdb  Removed "/dev/sdb" from volume group "vg01"[root@node1 data]# 

[root@node1 data]# pvremove /dev/sdb  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully wiped.[root@node1 data]# 

7.4、验证数据完整

[root@node1 data]# md5sum disk01.img ec4bcc8776ea04479b786e063a9ace45  disk01.img

更换前与更换后计算出来的值都是一样，说明数据完整，测试成功。