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使用Maven整合SSM框架

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什么是SSM框架?

ssm是基于Spring、Spring MVC以及MyBatis3个开源框架整合的系统架构,遵循标准的MVC设计模式,是web项目常用的技术架构。

Spring

个人理解,spring在ssm整套架构主要承担的是管理的角色。其核心是IoC(控制反转)容器,IoC容器使用工厂模式(BeanFactory)维护着对象的创建、依赖关系以及生命周期等。简单点说,IoC容器帮助开发者省去了new操作,直接可以通过依赖注入(DI)的方式调用对象,而不用管对象是怎么产生的。

此外,Spring提供了一种“横切”技术——面向切面编程(AOP),其底层采用的是动态代理模式(Dynamic Proxy),通过预编译方式和运行期动态代理实现功能的统一维护。利用AOP可以对业务逻辑的各个部分进行隔离,从而使得业务逻辑各部分之间的耦合度降低,提高程序的可重用性,同时提高了开发的效率。

Spring MVC

Spring MVC其实是Spring大家庭中的一员,采用的经典的MVC设计模式。这里单独拎出来说,只要是Spring MVC在ssm框架中负责的是整个业务流程的生命周期。如何理解这一点呢?下面套用下Spring MVC的工作流程:

1)用户向服务器发送请求,请求被Spring前端控制Servelt DispatcherServlet捕获;

2)DispatcherServlet对请求URL进行解析,得到请求资源标识符(URI)。然后根据该URI,调用HandlerMapping获得该Handler配置的所有相关的对象(包括Handler对象以及Handler对象对应的拦截器),最后以HandlerExecutionChain对象的形式返回;

3)DispatcherServlet 根据获得的Handler,选择一个合适的HandlerAdapter。(附注:如果成功获得HandlerAdapter后,此时将开始执行拦截器的preHandler(…)方法)

4)提取Request中的模型数据,填充Handler入参,开始执行Handler(Controller)。 在填充Handler的入参过程中,根据你的配置,Spring将帮你做一些额外的工作:

HttpMessageConveter: 将请求消息(如Json、xml等数据)转换成一个对象,将对象转换为指定的响应信息;

数据转换:对请求消息进行数据转换。如String转换成Integer、Double等;

数据根式化:对请求消息进行数据格式化。 如将字符串转换成格式化数字或格式化日期等;

数据验证: 验证数据的有效性(长度、格式等),验证结果存储到BindingResult或Error中。

5)Handler执行完成后,向DispatcherServlet 返回一个ModelAndView对象;

6)根据返回的ModelAndView,选择一个适合的ViewResolver(必须是已经注册到Spring容器中的ViewResolver)返回给DispatcherServlet ;

7)ViewResolver 结合Model和View,来渲染视图;

8)将渲染结果返回给客户端。

MyBatis

Mybatis是个半持久层框架,主要负责与数据库进行数据交互。Mybaits更加专注于SQL本身,着力于POJO 与SQL之间的映射关系。然后通过映射配置文件,将SQL所需的参数(输入映射),以及返回的结果字段映射到指定POJO(输出映射),是一种“SQL Mapping“的ORM实现。

相较Hibernate来说,虽然Mybatis映射的能力弱点,但是入门门槛也较低,主要是Mybatis够灵活,个人推荐。

瞎bb了这么多,下面就上手操作吧。上一文《初识maven》简单的介绍了一下maven,现在我们将基于maven将ssm框架搭建起来。开动~

先将项目测试的编译输出目录修改下,怕编译结果混在一起了,操作如下:

项目右键》Build Path》configure Build Path,修改src/test/java和src/test/resource两个编译输出目录为target/test-classess。

修改项目的版本配置,将web配置版本调整为2.5,java为1.8。但是会出现下面这种更改不了的情况

这时需要将Dynamic Web Module去除后保存,然后重新勾选版本

并修改路径为src/main/webapp。同时,将web.xml内容修改如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE xml>

<web-app xmlns:xsi=""

xmlns=""

xsi:schemaLocation=" "

id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

</web-app>

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接着完善下项目的目录结构(仅代表个人的习惯)

然后在pom.xml中配置相关的引用。

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>

<version>4.2.0.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcat</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>

<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>

</dependency>

<!-- mybatis核心包 -->

<dependency>

<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>

<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>

<version>3.2.2</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>

<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>

<version>1.2.1</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>mysql</groupId>

<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

<version>5.1.40</version>

</dependency>

<!—jackjson,支持接口返回输出json格式 -->

<dependency>

<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>

<version>2.2.1</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>

<version>2.2.1</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>

<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>

<version>2.2.1</version>

</dependency>

<!--打印日志 -->

<dependency>

<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>

<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>

<version>1.7.5</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>

<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>

<version>1.7.5</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>log4j</groupId>

<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>

<version>1.2.17</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>jstl</groupId>

<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>

<version>1.2</version>

</dependency>

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在src/main/resources目录下添加项目所需的配置信息和配置文件,然后修改web.xml配置文件。

1.数据库信息(database.properties)

dataSource.username= ${数据库账号}

dataSource.password= ${数据库密码}

dataSource.databaseName= ${数据库名称}

dataSource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

dataSource.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect

dataSource.serverName=

dataSource.url=jdbc:mysql://${dataSource.serverName}/${dataSource.databaseName}?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useOldAliasMetadataBehavior=true&useSSL=false

dataSource.properties=user=${dataSource.username};databaseName=${dataSource.databaseName};serverName=${dataSource.serverName};password=${dataSource.password}

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2.日志配置(log4j.properties)

log4j.rootLogger=Console,File

log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender

log4j.appender.Console.Target=System.out

log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c]%m%n

log4j.appender.File=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender

log4j.appender.File.File=../log/error.log

log4j.appender.File.MaxFileSize=10MB

log4j.appender.File.Threshold=ALL

log4j.appender.File.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout

log4j.appender.File.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss,SSS}][%c]%m%n

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3.spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns=""

xmlns:p=""

xmlns:aop=""

xmlns:context=""

xmlns:mvc=""

xmlns:tx=""

xmlns:xsi=""

xsi:schemaLocation="

">

<!-- 把标记了@Controller注解的类转换为bean -->

<context:component-scan base-package="com.maven4web.controller" />

<context:annotation-config />

<!-- 解决@ResponseBody中文乱码 -->

<mvc:annotation-driven>

<mvc:message-converters>

<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">

<constructor-arg value="UTF-8" />

</bean>

</mvc:message-converters>

</mvc:annotation-driven>

<!-- 启动切面注入代理 -->

<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" />

<!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能,完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>

<!-- 对模型视图名称的解析,即在模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"

p:prefix="/view/" p:suffix=".jsp" />

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4.spring-content.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns=""

xmlns:aop=""

xmlns:context=""

xmlns:p=""

xmlns:tx=""

xmlns:mvc=""

xmlns:xsi=""

xmlns:task=""

xsi:schemaLocation="

">

<!-- 扫描包 -->

<context:component-scan base-package="com.maven4web" />

<context:annotation-config />

<mvc:annotation-driven />

<!-- 数据源 -->

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:/database.properties"

ignore-unresolvable="true" />

<bean id="dataSource"

class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">

<property name="driverClassName" value="${dataSource.driverClassName}" />

<property name="url" value="${dataSource.url}" />

<property name="username" value="${dataSource.username}" />

<property name="password" value="${dataSource.password}" />

</bean>

<!-- 会话工厂 -->

<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">

<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>

<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>

<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/maven4web/mapper/impl/*.xml"></property>

</bean>

<!-- 事务管理器 -->

<bean id="txManager"

class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">

<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />

</bean>

<!-- 事务注解驱动,注解@Transactional的类和方法将具有事务性 -->

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" />

<!-- spring和mybatis的整合 -->

<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">

<property name="basePackage" value="com.maven4web.mapper"></property>

</bean>

</beans>

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5.web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE xml>

<web-app xmlns:xsi=""

xmlns="" xmlns:web=""

xsi:schemaLocation=" "

id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

<display-name>maven4web</display-name>

<!-- 工程编码过滤器 -->

<filter>

<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>

<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter

</filter-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>encoding</param-name>

<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>

</init-param>

<init-param>

<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>

<param-value>true</param-value>

</init-param>

</filter>

<filter-mapping>

<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>

<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

</filter-mapping>

<!-- log4j配置 -->

<context-param>

<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>

</context-param>

<listener>

<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener

</listener-class>

</listener>

<!-- Spring容器加载所有的配置文件的路径 -->

<context-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>

classpath:spring-context.xml

</param-value>

</context-param>

<listener>

<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

</listener-class>

</listener>

<!-- 配置SpringMVC核心控制器 -->

<servlet>

<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

</servlet-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

<async-supported>true</async-supported>

</servlet>

<!--为DispatcherServlet建立映射 -->

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.gif</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.eot</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.svg</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.ttf</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.woff</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.woff2</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.txt</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/index.jshtml</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 -->

<listener>

<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener

</listener-class>

</listener>

<!-- 起始页 -->

<welcome-file-list>

<welcome-file>index.jshtml</welcome-file>

</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

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配置完这些,下面实现个简单的功能来验证这个框架是否可用。

首先,在数据库执行下面的SQL创建一张名为t_test的表。

CREATE TABLE `t_test` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`username` varchar(50) DEFAULT '',

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

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然后,在项目model下创建一个名为Test的实体。

src/main/java/model/TestMapper.java

public class Test {

private Integer id;

private String username;

public Integer getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(Integer id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getUsername() {

return username;

}

public void setUsername(String username) {

this.username = username;

}

}

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完后。在mapper添加对Test这个是数据库相关操作的接口声明,同时在同级目录下新建一个impl的package,放入该接口的实现。

src/main/java/mapper/TestMapper.java

public interface TestMapper {

Integer insert(@Param("username") String username);

List<Test> getAll();

}

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src/main/java/mapper/impl/TestMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "">

<mapper namespace="com.maven4web.mapper.TestMapper">

<select id="getAll" resultType="com.maven4web.model.Test">

select

t.id,

t.username

from

t_test t

</select>

<insert id="insert" parameterType="String">

insert into t_test(

username

)

values(

#{username}

)

</insert>

</mapper>

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然后在controller下新建一个TestController。

src/main/java/controller/TestController.java

@Controller

public class TestController {

@Autowired

private TestService testService;

@RequestMapping("/test.action")

@ResponseBody

public List<?> test(

@RequestParam(value="username", required=true) String username

){

testService.insert(username);

List<Test> tests = testService.getAll();

return tests;

}

}

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再在service新建业务功能TestService接口,同时在同级目录下新建个impl,放入其实现类。

src/main/java/service/TestService.java

public interface TestService {

void insert(String username);

List<Test> getAll();

}

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src/main/java/service/impl/TestServiceImpl.java

@Service

@Transactional

public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService {

@Autowired

private TestMapper testMapper;

@Override

public void insert(String username) {

testMapper.insert(username);

}

@Override

public List<Test> getAll() {

return testMapper.getAll();

}

}

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到此整合和实例基本完成,可以把项目跑起来看看效果了。验证方式在浏览器输入,看浏览器是否返回:

[{"id":1,"username":"hello"}]

标签: #woff2apache