101. Reading fiction allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk

Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand,

exciting experiences that I wouldn’t necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.

【句式翻译】阅读小说使得我享受着坐在扶手椅上的舒适就能在深海和丝绸之

路进行旅游，这种让人兴奋的体验尽管是间接的却又是我一生所必然体验不到

的。

【句式分析】本句包含一个定语从句，that I wouldn’t necessarily…修饰先行词

experiences。

【词语点拨】1) comfort n.舒适；安逸；令人感到安慰的人或物 vt.安慰

Take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someone’s day a little brighter.

从你的舒适地带迈出一小步，为他人带去一点阳光吧。

A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort.

在寒冷的夜晚喝杯热牛奶真舒服。

The little boy fell down and his mother comforted him.

小男孩摔倒了，于是他的妈妈哄了哄他。

2) experience vt.体验；经历，遭受 n.「U」经验；「C」经历，体验

We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.

我们从过去中学习，体验现在，展望未来。

Having experienced earthquakes before, I wasn’t frightened.

由于过去经历过地震，所以我不害怕。

If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference.

如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，经验为参谋。

He had many interesting experiences while traveling in Africa.

他在非洲旅行时，有许多有趣的经历。

【语法点拨】本句中that I wouldn’t necessarily…修饰先行词experiences；that作为关系代词引导定语从句指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，具体用法参见第72句。

102. The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever turning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged.

【句式翻译】起初，他们将面临的危险、回来寻找我们的机会、以及害怕再也无从知晓他们的命运和可能的耽搁，都使我们情绪低落、沮丧不已。

【句式分析】本句包含一个介词宾语从句和一个同位语从句，what lay ahead of them作介词of 的宾语；that we might never…作the fear 的同位语。

【词语点拨】1) ahead of 在…前面

The time here is 9 hours ahead of London.

这里的时间比伦敦早9个小时。

2) discourage vt.使泄气，使沮丧 discouraged adj.泄气的，失去信心的

We discouraged you from smoking except in specific areas.

除特定的区域外，我们禁止吸烟。

The news that he had failed the exam made him discouraged.

他考试失败的消息让他很泄气。

【语法点拨】本句中what lay ahead of them作介词of 的宾语；that we might never…作the fear 的同位语;连接代词what 引导介词宾语从句，在从句中可作主语或宾语；连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略。如：

After what seemed a very long time, I opened my eyes and found myself in bed.

在很长时间后，我睁开眼睛发现自己躺在床上。

There is a feeling in me that we’ll never know what a UFO is -- not ever.

我有一种感觉，我们将永远不会知道不明飞行物是什么—永远都不会。

103. A recent study showed that almost two thirds of parents believed that schools

should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said that

their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents

felt that they didn’t understand it themselves well enough to explain.

【句式翻译】最近一份研究表明尽管少数的父母觉得他们自己也不明白来解释财政方面的事情，但几乎三分之二的父母认为学校应该更多的教学生一些关于财政方面的事情，并且将近一半的父母说他们的孩子问过他们发生什么事情了。

【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句，that almost two thirds…well enough to

explain是宾语从句，作show 的宾语；在该句中that schools should do more to

teach pupils about financial matters作believed的宾语，that their children had asked

them what was going on作said 的宾语，that they didn’t understand it themselves

well enough to explain作felt 的宾语。

【词语点拨】a minority of 少数

Only a minority of British households don’t have a car.

英国只有少数家庭没有汽车。

【语法点拨】本句中that almost two thirds…well enough to explain是宾语从句，

作show的宾语；在该句中that schools should do more to teach pupils about

financial matters作believed 的宾语，that their children had asked them what was

going on作said 的宾语，that they didn’t understand it themselves well enough to

explain作felt 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以

能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也

不可省略第二个that。如：

Do you know (that) he has joined the army?

你知道他参军了吗？

I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve.

我相信你已经尽了力，我也相信一切会好起来的。

104. Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations affect their

purchases to the same degrees as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say

that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.

【句式翻译】三分之二的顾客说正如一年前一样，对环境的考虑会影响到他们所购买的东西，而超过四分之一的人说他们现在比以前能更好地意识到环保对他们所购物品的影响。

【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句，that environmental considerations affect…作say的宾语；that they are now even better…作say的宾语，在该句中what they buy又作介词on 的宾语。

【词语点拨】1)affect vt.影响；感动；具体用法参见第7句。

2) effect n. 影响, 作用；固定短语：have (an) effect on = affect

Early people had very little effect on the environment.

早期人类对环境没有多少影响。

3) aware adj.意识到，觉察到

People around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.

全世界人民都应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。

People are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.

现在人们意识到帮助别人就是帮助自己。

【语法点拨】本句中that environmental considerations affect…作say的宾语；that

they are now even better…作say的宾语，在该句中what they buy 又作介词on 的

宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中

若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个

that, 具体用法参见第103句。

105. Nancy and her colleagues at that university found in their study that kids who

experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made

the most gain on a standard test of attention.

【句式翻译】南希和她在大学的同事在他们的研究中发现，因家庭搬迁而经历了最大程度的绿色的孩子在标准的注意力测试中取得的成绩最好。

【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句，that kids who experienced …作found 的

宾语，在该句中who experienced the greatest…a family move是定语从句，修

饰先行词that kids。

【词语点拨】as a result (of ) 作为（……的）结果

Alice overslept this morning. As a result, se was late for work.

爱丽丝今天早上睡过头了，结果上班迟到了。

About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.

20世纪90年代约有2100万人死于吸烟。

【语法点拨】本句中that kids who experienced …作found 的宾语，在该句中

who experienced the greatest…a family move是定语从句，修饰先行词that kids。

连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两

个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that, 具

体用法参见第103句；who 作为关系代词引导定语从句指人并在从句中作主语

或宾语，具体用法参见第70句。

106. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of

at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.

【句式翻译】泰纳和他的工作组发现，在窗外至少50英尺视野都没有受遮挡的教室里学习的学生，比那些在可以俯瞰街道和停车场的教室里学习的学生在词汇测试、语言艺术和数学方面测试的分数要高。

【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句，that students in classrooms with…作found 的宾语；在该句中又包含一个定语从句，whose classrooms primarily…修饰先行词students。

【词语点拨】1) view n. 视野，视线；风景，景色; 看法，见解

The lake came into view as we turned the corner.

我们转过弯就看见那个湖了。

While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.

爬山时，我们享受着温暖的阳光，欣赏着美丽的风景。

In my view, playing computer games is a waste of time.

在我看来，玩电脑游戏浪费时间。

2) at least 至少，起码

I need at least five days to complete the task.

我至少需要5天时间完成这项任务。

3) overlook vt. 俯瞰，眺望；忽略，未注意到

Many of them went to the cemetery and memorial which overlooks Omaha Beach.

他们中有很多人去了解俯瞰奥马哈海滩的公墓和纪念碑。

It is easy to overlook a small detail like that.

那样的小细节和容易被忽略。

【语法点拨】本句中that students in classrooms with…作found 的宾语；在该句

包含一个定语从句，whose classrooms primarily…修饰先行词students; 连词that

引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的

that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that, 具体用法参

见第103句; 关系代词whose作定语, 可以指人或物。如：

This is the scientists whose achievements are well known.

这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。

We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear.

我们举行了一次会议，其目的完全不明确。

107. I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States, that in the case of long-term coma states, close family members should be allowed to take their loved one off life support machines.

【句式翻译】我赞成美国法院和医疗机构的决定，就长期昏迷状态而言，近亲家属应该获准让他们挚爱的人脱离生命供养机。

【句式分析】本句包含一个同位语从句，that in the case of…作the decision 的同位语。

【词语点拨】1) agree with 同意，赞同；与…相符，与…一致；（气候、食物等）适合

I quite agree with him on sports.

我非常同意他在运动方面的观点。

His words don’t agree with his actions.

他言行不一致。

You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.

你看起来气色不错。我想三亚的空气和海上食品一定适合你。

2)in the case of / in sb’s case 就某人的情况来说

In her case, she failed the exam because she wasn’t well.

就她的情况来看，她是因为生病而没考及格。

【语法点拨】本句中that in the case of …作the decision 的同位语;连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第102句。

108. As studies continue to prove Traditional Chinese Medicine’s worth, especially in helping patients with cancer and AIDS, it becomes more and more obvious that Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine complement each other.

【句式翻译】随着研究继续证明传统中医药学的价值，尤其是在帮助病人治疗癌症和艾滋病方面，越来越明显的是西医和中医可以互补。

【句式分析】本句包含一个主语从句，that Western Medicine…是主语从句，其中it 作形式主语。

【词语点拨】1) continue v. 继续，持续

I hope that this kind of activity will continue in the future.

我希望这种活动今后能继续办下去。

Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his research.

这个发现大大鼓舞了布罗德，于是他让自己的学生继续他的研究工作。

How can you continue to work with all that noise going on?

吵闹声不绝于耳，你怎么还能工作得下去呢？

2) complement vt.与（某事物）结合（相辅相成）n.补充物

His business skill complements her flair for design.

他的经营技巧和她的设计才能相辅相成。

【语法点拨】本句中that Western Medicine…是主语从句，其中it 作形式主语；连词that 引导的从句作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，常见的句型有：

1) It + be + 形容词（obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, probable, certain, etc.）+ that 从句。如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.

可以肯定她会考得很好。

2) It+be+名词词组（no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.）+ that从句。如：

It is no surprise that our team has won the game.

我们队赢了比赛并不惊奇。

3) It+be+过去分词（said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, ect.）+ that 从句。如：

It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.

已经定下来，会议推迟到了下周一。

109. I asked her how she had achieved success and she told me that being curious, working hard, and believing in what was true made her the success she is today.

【句式翻译】我问她是怎样获得成功的，她告诉我是好奇心、努力工作和忠于事实的原则使她成为今日的成功者。

【句式分析】本句包含两宾语从句，how she had achieved success作asked的宾语；that being curious, working hard, and believing in what…作told的宾语,在该句中what was true作believe in 的宾语。

【词语点拨】1) achieve vt.取得，实现 vi.获得成功

No one can achieve anything without effort.

没有人能够不努力就有所成就。

He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain and a determination to achieve.

他是位优秀的律师，有着一副好脑筋和必胜的决心。

2) curious adj.好奇的

For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish.

40年来，科学家一直对那种鱼感到好奇。

We are curious to know where she’s gone.

我们很想知道她去哪儿了。

【语法点拨】本句中how she had achieved success 作asked 的宾语；that being curious, working hard, and believing in what…作 told 的宾语，在该句中what was true 又作believe in 的宾语,具体用法参见第102句；连词that 引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。连接副词how 可以引导宾语从句。如：

As a new diplomat, he often considers how he can react more appropriately on such occations.

作为一名新的外交官，他经常思考在这样的场合他怎样才能更恰当的作出反应。

110. The numbers of Galapagos tortoises are said to have begun their decline when

it was realized that they could supply excellent fresh meat for passenger ships, because they were known to be able to survive for six months without food and water.

【句式翻译】据说当人们意识到加拉帕格斯海龟能够给过往的船只提供鲜美的肉食时，他们的数量就开始下降了，因为人们知道这些海龟能够不吃不喝生存六个月之久。

【句式分析】本句包含一个主语从句，that they could supply…是主语从句，其中it 作形式主语。

【词语点拨】1) number n.数字，数目; a number of 许多; 后接复数名词, 作主语时，谓语动词用复数; the number of…的数目，后接复数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

A number of researchers were invited to attend the meeting, but the number of researchers present was only 50.

许多研究者被邀请参加这个会议， 但是出席的人的数目仅有50个。

2) decline vi.减少, 下降 vt.谢绝, 拒绝

According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 reaching the highest level at 22.

在科学家看来，我们的智力能力在22岁到达最高水平后从27岁开始下降。

In spite of many inviations, he would always decline to visit Oxford.

尽管多次受到邀请，他还是拒绝去牛津。

3) supply vt.供应, 供给 n.供应；

Those children are not well supplied with books for studying.

提供给那些孩子的学习用书不够充足。

The media supplies lots of information to us every day.

媒体每天提供给我们很多信息。

Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.

干净的水供应和洗手是预防疾病的切实有效的方法。

4) survive vi.幸存，还生 vt.经历…幸存，比…活得长

To survive in the forest, animals must climb from tree to tree.

要想在森林里生存下来，动物必须有爬树的本领。

She survived her husband by ten years.

她比她的丈夫多活了10年。

【语法点拨】本句中that they could supply…是主语从句，其中it 作形式主语；连词that 引导的从句作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，具体用法参见第108句。

111. Two out of three people think that it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.

【句式翻译】三分之二的人认为买那些对环境负责人的公司的产品是重要的，七分之一的人认为如果他们感觉这个公司在环保方面的名声不够好，他们会决定去其他地方买东西 。

【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句，that it is important to…作think的宾语；that they had even decided to…作saying 的宾语。

【词语点拨】1) responsible adj.有责任的，尽责的

All pilots should be responsible for their passengers’ safety.

所有的飞机驾驶员均应该对乘客的安全负责。

2) custom n.习俗，风俗，惯例 n.经常向某商人、商店等购物

It is difficult to get used to another country’s customs.

要适应另一个国家的风俗习惯很难。

I shall withdraw my custom from that shop.

我不再去那家商店买东西了。

3) reputation n.名声，声誉

The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation.

这名医生擅长治疗心脏疾病并且从不接收病人的任何礼品，因此他有个好名声。

【语法点拨】本句中that it is important to…作think 的宾语；that they had even decided to…作saying 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。

112. They believe (that) their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.

【句式翻译】他们相信他们与每一个神圣的时刻的舞蹈是生命的一个礼物，风暴是生活中很自然的一部分，它为情感和心灵的成长带来雨水的滋润。

【句式分析】本句包含两个并列的宾语从句和一个定语从句，their dance with…与that storms are…两个并列的宾语从句，作believe 的宾语；which can bring…引导定语从句，修饰先行词storms。

【词语点拨】gift n. 礼物，赠品才 n.天赋，天资, 才能

One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift.

我最美好的记忆之一是关于圣诞礼物的。

I’ve always been able to learn languages easily, beacaue I have a gift for it.

我学习语言一向是轻而易举，因为这是天赋。

【语法点拨】本句中their dance with…与that storms are…两个并列的宾语从句，作believe 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，故their dance with…前省略了连词that，具体用法参见第103句;which 作为关系代词引导定语从句指物或指整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 具体用法参见第71句。

113. In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write.

【句式翻译】在最近的一个研究中，贝尔宁格了解了拼写在一个学生的写作技巧中扮演什么角色，发现孩子拼写的好坏与写作的好坏是有联系的。

【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句,what role spelling plays…作looked at 的宾语；that how well children spell…作found 的宾语，在本句中how well children spell又作该宾语从句的主语，how well they can write作is tied to 的宾语。

【词语点拨】1)play a role in 在……中起作用，扮演……角色

Farming plays an important role in the country’s economy.

农业对该国经济起着重要作用。

He played a role in the play, which made his mother happy.

他在剧中扮演了一个角色，这让他的妈妈很开心。

2) tie n.领带，联系 vt.（用带、绳、线等）系，栓

The firm has close ties with an American corporation.

这家商行与一家美国公司关系密切。

It took him a long time to tie the horse to the tree.

他花费了很长时间才把马拴在了树上。

【语法点拨】本句中what role spelling plays…作looked at 的宾语；that how well children spell…作found 的宾语，在本句中how well children spell又作该宾语从句的主语，how well they can write作is tied to 的宾语；连接代词what 引导宾语从句，有时可以作前置定语，如what help, what funny stories 等；连接副词how 可以引导宾语从句，具体用法参见第109句。如：

We still don’t know what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

尽管有2000名病人已服用了这种药，但我们仍然不知道它会带来什么副作用。

114. The January 12 Haiti earthquake and its aftershocks(余震)killed or injured hundreds of thousands of people in the Baribbean island nation, mostly as a result of what engineers call structural failure—buildings collapsing, roofs falling in, that sort of thing.

【句式翻译】1月12日海地地震和余震造成加勒比岛国数万人死伤，大部分是由于工程师们所说的结构故障，比如建筑物倒塌，屋顶坠落这种事情。

【句式分析】本句包含一个介词宾语从句，what engineers call…作介词of 的宾语。

【词语点拨】failure n.「U」失败；「C」失败的人/事; 具体用法参见第87句。

【语法点拨】本句中what engineers call…作介词of 的宾语；连接代词what 引导介词宾语从句，在从句中可作主语或宾语，具体用法参见第102句。

115. Media reports said that the House would meet and discuss a surveyor’s report which culd recommend lawmakers move out for repairs costing up to one billion pounds, while the Daily Telegraph said that another proposal might be to sell to Russian or Chinese developers for about 500 million pounds.

【句式翻译】媒体报道说议院将会开会讨论一份检测官的报告，这份报告建议立法者搬出去以花费10亿英镑对大本钟的钟楼进行维修，而《每日电讯报》则称另一个建议是以5亿英镑的价格卖给俄罗斯或中国的开发者。

【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句，that the House would meet and discuss…one billion poundsaid 的宾语；that another proposal might be…作the Daily Telegraph said的宾语。

【词语点拨】1) recommend vt. 推荐, 介绍；劝告，建议

I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in art.

我把这本书推荐给对艺术感兴趣的人。

They have recommended that the site (should) be closed and repaired.

他们已经提出关闭这个遗址并进行维修的建议。

2) up to 达到；直到；轮到，该由；从事于，忙于

I can take up to four people in my car.

我的车最多能坐4个人。

Up to now, I’ve understand everything the teacher’s said.

到现在，我已经理解了老师所讲的全部内容。

It’s up to you to find out what your goals really are.

你真正的目标是什么只能由你来决定。

What are you up to this weekend?

这周末你打算做什么？

3) proposal n.建议，提议

He made a proposal that the meeting (should) be postponed.

他提议会议延期。

【语法点拨】本句中that the House would meet and discuss…one billion pounds

作said 的宾语；that another proposal might be…作the Daily Telegraph said的宾

语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若

有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that,

具体用法参见第103句。

162. Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems.

【句式翻译】尽管顾客可能会因天气、无人认领的行李和技术问题造成的延误

而生气，但是激烈的竞争已经让他们深信让顾客高兴是一个重要的营销手段。

【句式分析】该句是由while连接的并列句。第一个分句中that引导convinced的宾语从句；第二个分句是个there be句型，主语是potential。

【词语点拨】unclaimed adj.无人认领的；无人要求的；所有主不明的

Unclaimed baggage will be sold by auction after six months.

无人领取的行李将在6个月后予以拍卖。

【语法点拨】表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, still, while等。如：

The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.

北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很温暖。

I explained twice, still he couldn't understand.

我解释了两遍，然而他却还不懂。

163. Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air.

【句式翻译】有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一件意外事故之后，当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。

【句式分析】该句是一个主从复合句，主句的谓语动词是think，其宾语从句引导词that被省去。实际上该宾语从句也是一个复合句，when引导定语从句修饰an unexpected incident。

【词语点拨】incident n.事变；事件；插曲

She couldn't erase the incident from her memory.

她难以忘记那次事件。

【语法点拨】关系副词when的用法：主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语，先行词可能是time，day，year等明显表示时间的名词，也可以是一些表示较为隐性的时间名词，如occasion，incident，class等。如：There comes a time when you have to make a choice.

你必须作抉择的时候到了。

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.

他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。

There were several occasions when I had the same feeling as you.

曾经有几次我跟你一样也有这样的感受。

164. When you arrive you are rewarded not only by the sight of the crystal clear waters of the Lake of Heaven, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi.

【句式翻译】你一到达山顶就会得到回报---你不仅可以看到天池那清澈如镜的湖水, 而且还可以看到天池周围的16座山峰。

【句式分析】整句的主句是一个含有被动语态You are rewarded的句子，其中not only…but also…连接两个by…短语。句首的when引导的是主句时间状语从句，而句尾的由that引导的定语从句修饰mountain peaks。

【词语点拨】reward n.报答；赏金；报酬 vt.奖赏；给 ... 报酬；具体用法参见第84句。

【语法点拨】并列连词not only…but also…的用法：用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。若连接两个句子，not only后面的句子要用倒装，但but also不用倒装。如：

She not only plays well, but also writes music.

她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。

Not only you but also he has to leave.

不只是你，他也得离开。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.

他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。

165. If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don’t forget to drop a coin into the clear, blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.

【句式翻译】如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池, 别忘了投一枚硬币到清澈碧

蓝的水中, 以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚持久。

【句式分析】该句是由if引导的条件状语从句和作主句的祈使句连接在一起。if从句中的不定式作enough的结果状语；主句句尾的to guarantee…是drop的目的状语，其中还含有一个as…as…的结构。

【词语点拨】1) guarantee n.保证(书)；担保(人)；抵押品 vt.保证；担保

I guarantee that this will not happen again.

我保证此类事情不会再发生

2) lasting adj.永恒的；永久的

This agreement will pave the way for a lasting peace.

该协议将为持久和平铺路。

【语法点拨】动词不定式在句子中可作原因状语、结果状语和目的状语。作原因状语往往用于形容词后，这些形容词有happy, ashamed, sorry, glad，delighted, angry, discouraged, shocked等；作目的状语置于句首时，通常用逗号与句子隔开；如果置于句末，前面则不用句号。作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+ so to，such+名词+ as to，too ... to，enough to ..等结构。也可与only或just连用，表示出乎意料的结果。如：

He got nearer to see clearly.

为了看清楚，他靠得更近了些。

To improve their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.

为了改进服务，这个宾馆的工作人员积极学习英语。

The boy is not tall enough to reach the bookshelf.

这个男孩不够高，够不到书架。

They were proud to have found the cave paintings.

找到洞穴壁画他们很骄傲。

166. One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man’s ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass, Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear, the straw drew sound waves on the glass.

【句式翻译】有一天做实验时, 贝尔把一根干草的一端和一个聋子的耳鼓膜连接起来, 把干草的另一端和一块被烟熏过的玻璃连接起来，这时他发现当他对着耳朵说话时, 这根干草就把声波画在被烟熏过的玻璃上。

【句式分析】该句的主句是Bell noticed that…，从句是as引导的时间状语从句。主句中that引导的宾语从句又是一个复合句，由when引导的时间状语从句和后面的主句共同构成。而在句首的as引导的时间状语从句中，还含有两个“with + 宾语+宾补（过去分词）”的结构，且第二个结构中the other前面省略了with，后面省略了joined。

【词语点拨】1) experiment with 用... ...作试验；试用

Small businesses are anxious to experiment with computers.

小型企业都急于试用计算机。

2) join to 和...接触；与...相连

Our house is joined to Mr. Su's.

我们的房子和苏先生的房子相连。

【语法点拨】with复合结构是由“with + 宾语+宾补”构成，宾语由名词或代词充当，宾补由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词充当。在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件。With结构在句中也可以作定语。without也可以用于该结构。如：

She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.

她走进房间，因为寒冷鼻子通红。

She fell asleep with the light burning.

她睡着了，灯还亮着。

Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.

橱柜里什么也没剩，所以她出去找吃的了。

167. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.

【句式翻译】快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她不往前走了，停了下来。

【句式分析】该句是一个由when连接的并列句。

【词语点拨】arrest vt.逮捕；阻止；吸引（注意力）n.拘留；阻止

The police arrested the thief.

警察逮捕了小偷。

The great noise arrested his attention from the book.

挺大的动静把他的注意力从书本上给吸引走了。

【语法点拨】when作并列连词, 表示“就在此刻(and just then)” , “突然(and suddenly)”，起修辞的作用，表示后一动作的发生的出乎意料，而前面一句是为后一句谓语动词的发生提供背景。注意以下几个句子中when前后两个分句中的时态特征及汉语意思。如：

She was about to say something when she noticed the sullen look on his face．

她刚要说些什么，却突然看到了他阴沉的脸色。

The children were playing football on the playground, when it began to rain．

孩子们正在操场上踢足球，突然下起了大雨。

I had hardly gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang．

在劳累了一天之后, 我刚要上床睡觉，这时电话响了。

168. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.

【句式翻译】只有通过充满希望的人们团结努力，我们才能安全地与错误地使用科学的现象作斗争，才能让科学在将来最好地服务于人类。

【句式分析】该句为并列句，由and连接起来，而句首的only…做方式状语。

【词语点拨】effort n.努力；努力的成果

They are making every effort to decrease the production cost.

他们正尽力减少生产成本。

【语法点拨】副词only置于句首，强调方式、条件、地点、时间等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为从句，该从句不倒装，只对主句进行倒装。如果放于句首的only所修饰的不是状语时，该句不用倒装。如：

Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair.

只有在大城市里才能买到新轮椅。

Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake.

只有当我们再次研究了这些数据的时候， 我们才意识到出了一个错。

Only John can save me.

只有约翰能够救我。（强调的是主语，不到装）

169. Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning.

【句式翻译】要是当时我的邻居以同情的语气告知我暴雨要来临的话，我会很

感激他的提醒的。

【句式分析】该句是一个主从复合句，但从句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，引导词if被省去而将had提至句首。

【词语点拨】1) sympathy n.同情；同情心；同感

I felt much sympathy for the blind. 我对盲人深感同情。

2) appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识；感激；领会

I would appreciate it if you could reply soon. 如若你能及时回信我将不胜感激。

【语法点拨】当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，将were, should, had置于句首，多用于书面语。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.

要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

Were she here, she would agree with us.

如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.

如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。

170. No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep.

【句式翻译】他们刚一搬进去噪音就开始了，因此他们几乎没睡过个囫囵觉。

【句式分析】该句是由and连接的两个并列分句，都采用了部分倒装的语序。

【词语点拨】rarely adv.很少；难得

She rarely went anywhere except to her office.

她除了办公室很少去别的地方。

【语法点拨】英语中否定词放句首要采用部分倒装的语序。常见否定词有：rarely，hardly，never，neither，nor，seldom等副词，以及表示否定意义的词组at no time，in no case，under no circumstances等，意思是“很少地”“及几乎从不”。 如：Rarely did he fail to keep his promise.

他真的很少失信于人。

Hardly had I got to the office when the boss called me to see him upstairs.

我刚到办公室，老板就喊我到楼上去见他。

171. Not only did Fortune introduce over 120 species of plants to Western gardens but he also shipped 20,000 tea plants from Shanghai to India, where a successful tea industry was established.

【句式翻译】福琼不仅把120种植物引入西方园林，而且还把两万株茶树用船

从上海运到了印度，印度的制茶工业就成功地发展起来了。

【句式分析】该句的主干是not only…but also… 连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有倒装语序，第二个分句是一个复合句，主句在前，where引导的定语从句在后，其先行词是where。

【词语点拨】species n.（单复同形）物种；种类

There are more than 1,000 alien species in China.

中国的外来物种有1000多种。

【语法点拨】并列连词not only…but also…若连接两个句子，not only所在的句子要用倒装。具体用法参见第164句。

172. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing.

【句式翻译】那种无它可选、轻松购物的日子一去不复返了。

【句式分析】此句是复合句，其主句是倒装句，为主系表结构。表语the days由when引导的定语从句来修饰。

【词语点拨】with ease 容易地；不费力地

They might have solved the problem with ease.

他们本来可以容易地解决这个问题。

【语法点拨】有时英语中由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，要将谓语动词完全移到主语前，进行完全倒装。常见句式有“there be+主语”、“副词here，there，now，then，up，down，out，in，away +谓语动词+主语”、“表语+连系动词+主语”（表语常为形容词、过去分词或介词短语）等。如：

There are 20 women waiting outside the hospital.

有20个女的等在医院外面。

Out rushed the boy, gun in hand.

这个孩子冲了出来，手里拿着枪。

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.

它们可以对中国人为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。

173. Not only will a lodger earn you an income, but also, thanks to the government- backed “rent a room” program, you won’t have to pay any tax on the first￡4500 you make per year.

【句式翻译】不但房客会让你赚到钱，而且由于政府支持的租房项目，每年你首次挣的￡4500均不需要缴税。

【句式分析】该句主干是一个由not only…but also…连接的并列句。第二个分句是一个复合句，其中介词短语thanks to…做原因状语，the first￡4500又有自己的定语从句。

【词语点拨】1) earn vt.赚得；赢得；获得

He works hard, but he does not earn much money.

他工作努力，但赚钱不多。

2) back vt.支持；后退

I'll back you up no matter what's happening.

不论发生什么事,我都会支持你。

【语法点拨】并列连词not only…but also…若连接两个句子，not only所在的句子要用倒装。具体用法参见第164句。

174. Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB (Library of Birmingham), but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.

【句式翻译】公众不但能够了解伯明翰图书馆，而且虚拟的图书馆使得在图书馆工作人员在它开放前就了解它和它的工作原理。

【句式分析】该句主干是一个由not only…but also…连接的并列句。第二个分句是一个复合句，how引导的从句和the building共同充当understand的宾语。另外，understand还有一个before引导的时间状语从句。

【词语点拨】1) virtual adj.实质的；【计】虚拟的

A virtual state of war exists between the two countries.

这两国间实际上处于战争状态。

2) enable vt.使能够；使可能

Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

听音乐能使我们放松。

【语法点拨】并列连词not only…but also…若连接两个句子，not only所在的句子要用倒装。具体用法参见第164句。

175. The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account those people most at risk for skin cancer — people with fair skin and freckles, for example — are more likely to use sunscreen.　　

【句式翻译】研究员们说，早期研究带来的问题之一是他们没有考虑到那些最有可能患皮肤癌的人—比如皮肤白皙和有雀斑的人—更有可能使用防晒剂。

【句式分析】句子的主体结构为复合句。主句The research said that…中that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有一个倒装结构的复合句，that they often fail ...是主语从句，表语为among the problems with ...。在第二个that引导的从句中又含有一个复合句，谓语take into account的后面接的是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句，其主干是those people…are more likely to…，破折号间为插入语。

【词语点拨】1) take into account vt.考虑；注意；顾及；体谅

There are a number of practical considerations that must be taken into account.

有许多现实的情况必须要顾及到。

2) at risk for 面临……的风险；具体用法参见第122句。

【语法点拨】宾语从句的引导词that一般可以被省略，但在下列几种情况下，一般不省：介词后、有两个及以上从句时、谓语与that之间有插入语、或有其他从属连词时。如：

Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.

彼得是好学生，只是有时粗心。

My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month. 我叔叔说他在这儿工作已二十年了，下个月即将退休。

He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner.

他说，如果他安排得好的话，他会来吃晚饭的。

He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night.

他告诉我，如果需要的话，他们就干个通宵。　　

176. It was not until November 13, 1956 that the US Supreme Court declared separation on buses was not constitutional.

【句式翻译】直到1956年11月13号，美国最高法院才判定公交车上的种族

隔离不合宪法。

【句式分析】这是一个含有强调句式的复合句。被强调的是主句的谓语动词declared的时间状语，被放在了It was…that之间。that后面接的是句子的主干部分和省略了引导词that的从句，作declared的宾语。

【词语点拨】declare v.宣布（声明）；申报；声明

Britain declared war on Germany in 1914.

英国在1914年向德国宣战。

【语法点拨】that引导动词的宾语从句时一般可省。具体用法参见第175句。

177. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honor what we say.

【句式翻译】我们都想为自己的名字争光，而要赋予我们的言论以尊严, 唯一

的途径就是用名字为我们发表的意见加盖印章。

【句式分析】该句是由and连接的并列句。第二分句是强调句型，被强调的是方式状语，位于it is…that…之间；在that后面的其余成分中，含有一个复合句，主句we honor带有宾语从句what we say。

【词语点拨】1) honor n.荣誉；荣幸；尊敬 vt.尊敬；使荣幸；兑现

I consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner.

我认为能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。

Would you honor me by dining with me tonight?

今晚你能赏光与我共进晚餐吗？

2) stamp with v.把……印在…上;给……做标记

You can stamp your life with hard work. 你可以用勤奋注释你的人生。

【语法点拨】强调句型的结构是“It is (was) +强调部分+that (who) +句子的其余部分”，其中it无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换用who（强调宾语指人时也可用whom）。使用强调句型时，应注意以下事项：

①去掉强调结构It is (was) … that (who)…后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。

②如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。

③强调句型的否定句是Is (Was) it…that (who)…？疑问句形式是疑问词+is (Was) it…that (who)…？

④强调句型的时态和谓语动词时态问题要格外注意。强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；be的变化只有is和was两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，就用It is…, 表达过去时的各种形式时，用It was….一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如：

It is I who/ that am an English teacher.

我才是英语老师。

It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class.

班里英语讲得最好的就是这个男孩。

It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.

就是在周日那天他给了乔治这张票。

It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.

就是这个小女孩把玻璃打碎的。

178. Yang Ming hates being called an alcoholic, but it is the fact that people have classified his music as “noise” that upset him most.

【句式翻译】杨明讨厌被人叫做酒鬼，但是让他感到最为伤心的还是人们将他的音乐归类为噪音这个事实。

【句式分析】该句主干部分是一个由but连接的并列句，第一分句是简单句，谓语动词hate后接动名词的被动语态作宾语；第二分句是复合句，主句的主语the fact后有一个同位语从句that people have…。

【词语点拨】1) alcoholic adj.含酒精的；酗酒的 n.酗酒者

Alcoholic drink can have a bad effect on your body.

含酒精的饮料会对你身体有很坏的影响。

2) classify…as v.将... ...归类

Would you classify her novels as serious literature or other?

你认为她的小说属于文学类还是其它类?

【语法点拨】强调句型可以对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。具体用法参见第177句。

179. They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression, as they offer the travellers a rare view into China’s past.

【句式翻译】他们特意来看长城和故宫的壮丽景色，但常常是那些胡同给他们留下最深的印象，因为透过难得一见的胡同，游客能看到中国的过去。

【句式分析】全句的主干是由but连接的并列句，第二分句是一个复合句，句中既有强调主句主语的强调句型，又有as引导的原因状语从句。

【词语点拨】1) sight n.视力；看见；视线；景物

It didn't take long before I lost sight of the plane.

没多久,飞机就在我的视线中消失了。

2) impression n.印象；感觉

Her gentleness has given me a deep impression. 她的亲切给我留下了很深印象。

【语法点拨】对句子的主语强调时，要注意强调句型中的主谓一致问题。具体用法参见第177句。

180. It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.

【句式翻译】就在那是我认识到实际上我不是来帮助他人，而是了解和体验另

一种文化，这有助于提高我对生活和世界的理解。

【句式分析】该句是个含有强调句型的复合句，被强调的是时间状语then。主句的谓语realized后面有that引导的宾语从句，其中含有两个并列不定式not come to… but to …。而宾语从句中又有一个that引导的定语从句来修饰culture，关系代词that在从句中作主语，不可被省略。

【词语点拨】experience n.经验；经历 v.经历；体验；感受；具体用法参见第101句。

【语法点拨】并列不定式中的to有时不可省略。具体用法参见第152句。

181. Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better．

【句式翻译】噪音消除系统应用的另一好处就是没有必要使用消声器．这不仅减轻了轿车的重量，而且使发动机耗油更少，运转更好。

【句式分析】这是一个含有that引导的表语从句的复合句。并且表语从句后接了which 引导的非限制性定语从句，代替整个上文的内容。非限制性定语从句的两个谓语动词是一个由not only…but also …连接的并列结构。

【词语点拨】reduce v.减少；缩小；使落魄；简化；还原

The new government's prime task is to reduce the level of inflation.

新政府的首要任务是降低通货膨胀的水平。

We need to reduce our dependence on oil as a source of energy.

在能源方面,我们需要减少对石油的依赖。

【语法点拨】非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”：

①通常不能用that引导。如：

I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。

②不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。如：

I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.

我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。

③不能用which引导从句置于句首。如：

She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.

她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。

④由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。如：

I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat down reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐下看报纸。

⑤指人的关系代词作宾语时，只用宾格whom; 不用who替换，也不能省。如：

Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗?

我们谈到过他。

182. However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.

【句式翻译】但是，与其说是建筑和物品，倒不如说是那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓像，使得这座城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。

【句式分析】该句是一个复合句，主句中的主语是被强调部分，它带有自己的定语从句，由who引导。除采用强调句型来强调主语外，该句还用了more than来加重对the forms of the people who…的强调语气。

【词语点拨】1) be caught in v.陷入；卷入；遭遇（困难、不幸）

We were caught in the storm and got wet through.

我们遇上大雨全都被浇透了。

2) monument n.给某人树立的纪念碑

They raised a monument to the national hero.

他们为那位民族英雄树了纪念碑。

【语法点拨】more…than…的三个用法：①“比……更多”，more为many或much的比较级，表示数量，后接名词。如：

I made more mistakes than you. 我犯的错误比你多。

②“比…更”，more后接多音节形容词或副词，构成比较级，对两者比较。如：

Travelling by train is more relaxing than driving.

乘火车旅行比开汽车轻松得多。

③“与其说……不如说”，不是对两个对象进行比较，而是对同一个人或物在两个不同方面进行比较或取舍，不论形容词或副词是单音节、双音节还是多音节，一律用more…than…。如：

He is more lucky than clever.

与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。

He is more (a) scholar than (a) teacher.

与其说他是位教师，不如说是位学者。

183. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.

【句式翻译】虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的中国

移民却是在19世纪60年代为修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。

【句式分析】该句是一复合句，although引导的让步状语从句在前，而逗号后面的主句是一个强调句，对句子的主语进行强调。

【词语点拨】1) immigrant n.移民（强调“到某国定居”，其后常接介词in）

California has many immigrants from other states.

加利福尼亚有许多来自其他州的移民。

对比：emigrant n.移民（强调“从某国离去”，其后常接介词from）

A ship full of emigrants will soon leave for Canada.

一条载满移居外国者的船很快就要开往加拿大了。

【语法点拨】运用强调句型时要注意时态问题。具体用法参见第177句。

184. You must be aware that it is here that we found the evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.

【句式翻译】你们想必都很清楚, 正是在这个地方, 我们找到了居住在世界上

这个部分最早人类的证据。

【句式分析】该句是一复合句，主句You must be aware that…中的that引导的是it is here…that…of the world这一含有强调句型的宾语从句，其中还有who引导的定语从句修饰people。

【词语点拨】evidence n.证据；证词；根据；迹象 v.证明；证实

There wasn't enough evidence to prove his guilt.

没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。

【语法点拨】强调句型如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。如：

It was in the People’s Park that I met the old couple taking photos of flowers.

正是在人民公园里我遇到了那对正在给花拍照的老夫妇。

185. Wherever you go in America you can find highways, multi-storey car parks, drive-in cinemas and drive-through fast food restaurants, all built to suit the needs of car owners.

【句式翻译】在美国无论你去哪儿，你都能发现高速公路、多层停车场、汽车影院、甲车通过式快餐店，所有这些都是为了满足开车人的需求。

【句式分析】该句是一个复合句，主句是you can find…，从句是句首的Wherever you go…作让步状语，主句后还有一个被逗号分隔开来的独立主格结构作状语。

【词语点拨】suit the needs of v.满足某人的需求

We must try to suit /meet / satisfy the needs of the ordinary consumers.

我们一定要设法满足普通消费者的要求。

【语法点拨】独立主格结构，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，而是由具有逻辑主谓关系的两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。如：

His homework having been finished, he went home.

作业完成后，他回家了。

The baby fell from the bed, blood coming down from his face, crying loudly.

婴儿从床上摔下来,血从脸上流下来,婴儿高声地哭着。

186. It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being held up in the water by Old Tom.

【句式翻译】我们花了半个小时才把船掉过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水里托着詹姆斯。

【句式分析】该句的主干是由and连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有it took (sb) some time to do…句式，第二分句含有when引导的时间状语从句来表示主句I saw…的发生时间。

【词语点拨】hold …up 举起；支撑；阻挡；抢劫

The train was held up by heavy fog.

火车因大雾而受阻。

【语法点拨】It took (sb) some time to do…这个句型是表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”, 主语是物。这里的“it”是形式主语，“to do …”才是真正的主语。take后面除了加一段时间外，还可以加表示“精力、力气、勇气”等名词。如果是表示花费的金钱、牺牲的健康等含义，要用动词cost。如：

It took me 20 minutes to read the book.

读这本书花了我20分钟的时间。

It cost us 450,000 yuan to buy this large house.

买这套房花了我们45万元钱。

187. They realize that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is --- most people know that the main purpose of the advertisement is making customers spend money.

【句式翻译】他们意识到，与产品相关联的理念多么吸引人并不重要 ---多数

人都知道广告的主要目的就是让消费者花钱。

【句式分析】该句是一复合句，第一个that引导realize的宾语从句，该宾语从句中含有一个由it做形式主语代替真正的主语how attractive … is。破折号后也是个复合句，起解释的作用，第二个that引导的是know的宾语从句。

【词语点拨】link…to /with 把…连接、联系起来; 具体用法参见第134句。

【语法点拨】it做形式主语，除了可以代替动词不定式短语和动名词短语外，还经常代替从句，起到平衡句子结构的作用。常见典型句式有：

① It + be +形容词/名词词组（surprising, a fact, a pity, a question）+主语从句

如：

It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.

很遗憾你没看到那场激动人心的足球赛。

② It + be +过去分词（believed, expected, hoped, reported, said等）+主语从句。如：

It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.

据报道有16人在地震中死亡。

③ It +不及物动词 (seem, appear, happen等) +主语从句。如：

It happened that I was out when he called. 当他打电话时我刚好出去了。

188. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple.

【句式翻译】因此，我们表达想法的初稿居然显得如此简单，这按说并不该让人感到意外。

【句式分析】该句是一个复合句，由it做形式主语，真正的主语从句由that引导放在表语surprising后面。

【词语点拨】attempt v.企图；尝试 n.企图；试图；具体用法参见第8句。

【语法点拨】it做形式主语，代替从句, 具体用法参见第187句。

189. It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work.

【句式翻译】当我们周围的人考试作弊、对父母撒谎、上班偷窃却侥幸未被发

现时，我们要想诚实需要极大的勇气。

【句式分析】该句是一复合句，由it做形式主语，真正的主语是to be honest; when引导的从句直至句尾，是takes的时间状语从句。

【词语点拨】get away with v.侥幸逃脱(惩罚)

For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine.

他犯了那么严重的过失,却侥幸只交罚款了事。

【语法点拨】it做形式主语，代替动词不定式短语, 具体用法参见第186句。

190. It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than＄3 million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.

【句式翻译】让所有人惊讶的是Hatch夫妇有这么多的钱---300多万美元，而

他们仅仅是住在一对被遗留下来的家庭农场上的一个老房子里的老年夫妇。

【句式分析】该句是复合句。it做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句。破折号后面的也是一个复合句，起解释前文的作用，其中who引导的是couple的定语从句，what引导的是介词on的宾语从句。

【词语点拨】1) elderly adj.年老的；年长的

Many elderly people live an idle life.

许多老年人过着悠闲的生活。

2) be left of v.被剩下的（主语常是what）

She saved what was left of the food for supper.

她把剩下的食物留作晚餐。

【语法点拨】英文中，“the+姓氏的复数”代表一家人或夫妇二人，如the Greens。如果强调的是Green家这个单数概念，谓语动词用单数；反之，如果强调的是Green家的每个人，是复数概念，谓语动词也要用复数，与主语取得一致。如：

The Greens are watching TV together. What a happy family the Green is!

格林一家在共同看电视。它们是多么幸福的一个家庭啊！

191. Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites.

【句式翻译】乔纳森坚持说，要只是想通过做和放风筝来开心，就没必要做那么大一个给人深刻印象的风筝。

【句式分析】该句是复合句。在that引导的宾语从句中由it做形式主语来代替后面的不定式to make a … kite。

【词语点拨】insist v.坚持；强调；坚决主张

They insist that I stay there for supper.

他们坚决要求让我留下吃晚饭。

He insisted on paying for the meal.

他坚持要付饭钱。

【语法点拨】当insist表示“坚持说；坚决认为”，接that从句，用陈述语气。从句谓语的动作发生于主句谓语动作前，是陈述已发生的事。当insist表示“坚决主张；坚持要求”，接that从句，用虚拟语气。即“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。如：

She insisted that he was wrong.

她坚持认为他错了。

He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts.

他一定要我们收下这些礼物。

192. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.

【句式翻译】然而，意识到这些危险是很重要的，因为不管生活方式的选择如何，每个人都要接触到空气污染。

【句式分析】该句是一复合句。it做形式主语代替to be aware…这个不定式短语放于句首。because引导的是原因状语从句。

【词语点拨】regardless of 不管；不顾

I'll take the job regardless of the pay.

不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。

【语法点拨】In spite of 和regardless of两个词表示让步，但在语气和意思上有明显差别。In spite of 是表示转折的意思，意为“即使... ...也不.. ....”，是否定语气。regardless of 是表示“无论如何都要...”的意思，是肯定语气。如：

He failed to lift the rock in spite of all his exertions.

他虽竭尽全力，但仍然未能将那石头搬起来。

I shall go regardless of the weather. 我不管天气如何都要去。

193. Can you believe that there used to be a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses (女作家)？Clearly this restriction must have operated at a time when there was no equality of opportunity for women.

【句式翻译】你相信从前社会上存在着反对女子写小说的共识吗？很显然，这种限制在妇女没有平等权利的时期肯定会起作用的。

【句式分析】第一句是一个复合句，既含有that引导的believe的宾语从句，又含有that引导的consensus的同位语从句。第二句也是个复合句，其中的when there was…引导的是time的定语从句。

【词语点拨】1) consensus n.一致；同意；共识

The two parties have reached a consensus.

这两个政党达成了一致意见。

2) oppose v.反对；对抗；使对立

It was courageous of him to oppose his chief.

他敢反对他的上司，真是勇敢。

【语法点拨】There引导的句子是一种倒装句，表示事物的存在。在there be句型中，there为引导词，无明显的词义，动词be表示“有，存在”的意思，名词做主语，放在谓语动词be的后面，谓语be的形式随主语的单复数变化而变化，并且有各种时态变化。如：

Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者事竟成。

There is a knife and two books on the desk.

桌上有一把小刀和两本书。

There will be a meeting sometime next week.

下个星期的某个时候要开个会。

194. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer but there is fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming or whether it is just a natural phenomenon.

【句式翻译】毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。

【句式分析】该复合句的主干是由but连接的并列成分。but前面是一个复合句there is no doubt that，其中that…做doubt的同位语从句，而but后面主干依然是there is fierce debate over…句型，但较为复杂，over后面有两个宾语从句都由whether引导，被or连接起来，并且第一个whether后面还出现了对句子主语human activity进行强调的强调句型，it无实在意义。而第二个whether中的it是普通的代词，代替the earth is becoming warmer这一现象。

【词语点拨】1) debate n.辩论；讨论 vt.争论；思考 vi.辩论

After a long debate, the house of commons approved the bill.

经过长时间的辩论，下议院通过了议案。

He dared them to debate with him about it.

他向他们挑战，要他们和他辩论这个问题。

2) phenomenon n.现象（其复数形式为phenomena）

He believes that there must be a physical explanation for these strange phenomena. 他相信这些奇怪的现象一定可以根据自然规律作出解释。

【语法点拨】英文中的it有时是代词，有时是强调句式的构成部分，有时是形式主语或宾语，要根据上下文作出判断。具体用法参见第177,186,187句。

195. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills.　

【句式翻译】大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实：更多的男性从事空间技能的工作，而更多的女性则从事需要语言技能的工作。

【句式分析】该句包含一个that引导的the fact的同位语从句，在其中又有一个that引导的定语从句来修饰jobs，还有一个while连接的并列句，其中在more women 和speech skills之间省略了take up jobs that require，其结构与上句相同。　　

【词语点拨】1) take up 拿起；开始；从事；占去；继续做

She took up the receiver and began to dial the number.

她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。

When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language?

你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二语言?

2) require v. 要求；命令；规定

The director required that we should work all night.

主任要求我们通宵工作。

【语法点拨】在并列句中，为了避免与第一个分句的相同内容重复，可采用省略谓语，而保留主语和表语或补足语等成分。而在一些并列句中，由于前面已经出现了相同的主语，为了避免重复，后一个分句的主语也常常省略。如：

One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and the other white。

木板子的一边应漆成绿色，另一边漆成白色。

He came into the classroom, (he) sat down and (he) began to read。

他走进教室，坐下，然后开始朗读。

196. When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.

【句式翻译】当救援真的赶来时，我们长长地松了口气，欣喜不已，许多人忍不住流下了眼泪。

【句式分析】该复合句中包含有一个when引导的时间状语从句和主句当中存在的such…that结果状语从句。did come是对谓语动词进行强调，翻译成“真的到来”。

【词语点拨】1) rescue vt.&n. 营救；援救（有时间上的紧迫性)

Had Jim not dived in to rescue him, the boy would have drowned.

如果不是吉姆跳下水去救，那小孩早就淹死了。

2) relief n.减轻；解除；轻松；救济(品)；安慰 relieve v.救济；减轻；解除

The pills gave her some relief.

药片减轻她一些痛苦。

This medicine will relieve your headache.

这药将减轻你的头痛。

【语法点拨】 so…that与such… that都连接结果状语从句，作“如此……以致”解，但用法不同。so＋形容词或副词＋that…，而such＋（形容词）名词＋that…。such…that的句型结构大致可分以下三种：

①such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that…clause

如：He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.

他非常聪明，大家都喜欢他。

②such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that…clause

如：They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.

这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。

③such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that clause

如：He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.

他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。

注意：如果such后边的名词前由表示“多、少”的四个词many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。如：

He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.

他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。

197. You will read more efficiently if you keep in mind the purpose for your reading and then read in a way that will best help you to achieve this purpose.

【句式翻译】如果你记住阅读的目的，并且以帮你实现该目的的最佳方式阅读，那么你的阅读将更加有效。

【句式分析】该复合句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，而该条件句中又包含有两个谓语动词keep in mind…和read in a way…。in a way后有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句来修饰先行词way，that在其中作主语，不可省。

【词语点拨】keep …in mind 记住；牢记

You should keep in mind what I have said.

我刚才说过的你要记住。

【语法点拨】当先行词是way时，后面的定语从句引导词在从句中做状语，可以是in which、that、省略三种形式；如果引导词在从句中做主语或宾语，则可以由which或that充当，并且做宾语时可以省略。如：

I don't like the way (in which/ that) you speak to your parents.

我不喜欢你跟你爸妈说话的方式。

Can you show me the way (which/ that) you used in your new task?

你能把你在你新任务当中用过的方法告诉我吗？

198. As readers, we know that this sentence is not really true but it represents the opinions of all mothers who have daughters to marry.

【句式翻译】作为读者，我们知道这句话并不完全真实，但是它却代表着所有有女儿要出嫁的母亲们的观点。

【句式分析】该句是个由but连接的并列句，第二分句又是一个复合句，主句

中的of all mothers是宾语opinions的定语，其后是who引导的定语从句。

【词语点拨】represent vt.表现；代表；象征（受委托代表某人、机构办事）；具体用法参见第73句。

【语法点拨】…all mothers who have daughters to marry.中：have + 宾语 + to do

（不定式作定语，用主动表被动）。不定式做定语时，如果句子的主语是该不

定式的逻辑主语，一般用主动表被动。但如果不是，就要用被动式。如：

He has an important meeting to attend.

他要参加一个会议。

Do you have anything to be taken there?

你有要别人替你往那儿带的东西吗？

199. She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.

【句式翻译】她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅只使她开心。

【句式分析】全句的主干是主语She和由and连接的两个并列谓语动词cried

out …and heard…，在第二个谓语动词后面为一个动词的复合结构heard him

declare，而declare又有两个由that引导的宾语从句。

【词语点拨】1) declare v.宣布,宣告

I now declare this meeting open.

我现在宣布会议开幕。

2) more than just 不仅仅是

What you gave me was more than just happiness.

你给予我的不仅仅是幸福。

【语法点拨】引导宾语从句时，连词that通常可以省略，尤其是在口语中以及在believe、think、suppose、consider、say、see、know、hear、propose、understand等表心理活动及知觉的动词后。但是若是动词所带的宾语从句有两个或两个以上时，第一个that可以省略，第二个或以后的that不可省。如：

I think (that) you’d better check on it right now.

我想你最好现在就核实一下。

He suggested (that) we should think twice before we take action and that we should consult an expert.

他建议我们采取行动前最好三思，并且应该咨询专家。

200. In conclusion, we are only really in the initial stages of exploring space but we have come a long way since learning that the Earth is not flat and spins in an orbit around the sun.

【句式翻译】总之，我们现在还只处于探索宇宙的初级阶段，但是自从了解到地球不是平的而是绕着太阳呈椭圆型轨道旋转我们已经取得了长足的进步。

【句式分析】全句是一个由but连接的并列句，第二分句中since learning…

做时间状语修饰前面的come，并且learning还带有自己的宾语从句that…

【词语点拨】1) in the initial stage 在初始阶段

The novel was still in the initial stage. 这部小说还处在创始阶段。

2) come a long way 有很大进步；有很大改进

We've come a long way since those early days of the project.

这项工作开始以来我们已取得很大进展。

【语法点拨】since表示“自从……以来”时的用法：

①接时间点：谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时。如：

I have stayed in that country since 1995.

②接时间段+ ago：谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时。如：

They have lived in that house since two years ago.

③接时间状语从句：要求：主句的谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时；从句的谓语动词是终止性动词的一般过去时。如：

I have loved her since I met her last time.

④用于句型“It’s / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 时间状语从句”中，译作“自从……以来, 已经……(时间)了”。要求：主句的谓语动词用一般现在时或现在完成时；从句的谓语动词是终止性动词的一般过去时。如：

It’s / has been three months since he moved to this city.