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畅享聊：Python的练习题（2），

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Enjoy chatting: Python Exercises (2)，

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题目：一个整数，它加上100后是一个完全平方数，再加上168又是一个完全平方数，请问该数是多少？

Title: An integer is a perfect square after adding 100, and a perfect square after adding 168. What is the number?

程序分析：

因为题目说明x是整数，但没有说明n和m一定大于零，此处考虑了n和m小于零的情形。

Program analysis:

Because the title says that x is an integer, but it does not say that n and m must be greater than zero, the case where n and m are less than zero is considered here

x+100=n^2;x+100+168=m^2;(注意，没有要求m,n一定大于零)

m^2-n^2=168 即 (m+n)(m-n)=168;

设 m+n=i,m-n=j,则m=(i+j)/2;n=(i-j)/2 有 i*j=168, 因为 m,n 都是整数且 m!=n, 所以 j,i!=0, 因为i*j是正数，故 abs(i)>=1,abs(j)>=1。所以i和j的上限可以取 168。因此m和n的上限也是168,下限可以取-168（注意，m,n的取值范围可以放得很大，不影响结果，因为限制条件可以自己去约束，但所取的范围一定要比真实范围大。

x+100=n^2; x+100+168=m^2; (Note that m and n are not required to be greater than zero)

M ^ 2-n ^ 2=168, that is, (m+n) (m-n)=168;

Let m+n=i, m-n=j, then m=(i+j)/2; N=(i-j)/2 has i * j=168, because m and n are integers and m= n. So j, i= 0, because i * j is a positive number, abs (i)>=1, abs (j)>=1. So the upper limit of i and j can be 168. Therefore, the upper limit of m and n is 168, and the lower limit can be - 168. (Note that the value range of m and n can be greatly expanded, without affecting the results, because the constraints can be constrained by themselves, but the range must be larger than the real range.

代码如下：

The code is as follows:

结果如下：

The results are as follows:

当然方法有很多，这只是其中的一种，还可以看看另一种

Of course, there are many methods. This is just one of them. You can also see another

题目：输入某年某月某日，判断这一天是这一年的第几天？

程序分析：以3月5日为例，应该先把前两个月的加起来，然后再加上5天即本年的第几天，特殊情况，闰年且输入月份大于2时需考虑多加一天：

Question: Enter the date of the year, and determine the day of the year?

Program analysis: Take March 5 as an example, we should first add up the previous two months, and then add 5 days, that is, the day of the year. Under special circumstances, when the leap year and the input month is greater than 2, we need to consider adding an additional day:

结果如下：

The results are as follows:

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