中国历史类

士大夫 scholar-officials

太监 eunuch

将军 general

士兵 soldier

侍卫bodyguard

皇宫 palace

民主democracy

新民主主义革命 new-democratic revolution

工人阶级 the working class

建党日 The Party's Birthday

解放战争 The War of Liberation

毛主席Chairman Mao

现代中国 modern China

八一建军节 The Army's Day

中国人民解放军The Chinese People's Liberation Army

军旗 army flag

人民军队 people's army

南京大屠杀The Nanking Massacre

抗日战争the Anti-Japanese War

国庆节 The National Day

中华人民共和国the People's Republic of China

阅兵仪式 military parade

开国大典 founding ceremony

爱国意识 patriotic awareness

文化大革命 the Cultural Revolution

大跃进 Great Leap Forward

改革开放政策the Reform and Opening-up Policy

在战争中损毁 be ruined in wars

抵抗侵略 resist the invasion

在·……世纪初at the beginning of.. century

迄今为止up till now

追溯到 date/trace back to

来源于derive/stem from; originate from/in

以··…··…命名be named after...

四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civilizations

人类文明史 the history of human civilization

中国古代史 ancient Chinese history

中国近现代史 modern history of China

典型历史事件 typical historical event

历史人物historic figure

历史遗留问题a question left over from history

源远流长/历史悠久have a long history; with a long history

繁荣盛世a time of prosperity

华夏之祖 ancestors of the Chinese nation

(封建)朝代(feudal) dynasty

古都 ancient capital

随着时间的推移as time goes by

发祥地/诞生地 birthplace

兴起于·····，兴盛于·····emerge in.. and prosper in...

远古时代 ancient times

原始社会 primitive society

春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period

战国 the Warring States

封建社会 feudal society

皇帝/君主 emperor;monarch

勤政爱民 be diligent and love one's people

退位 give up the throne

印/玺 seal/stamp

皇后 empress; queen

皇妃 imperial concubine

太后empress dowager/dowager

太子prince

公主 princess

诸侯prince/duke under an emperor

宰相prime minister

中国商业经济

发达国家 developed country

集体经济collective economy

发展中国家developing country

计划经济planned economy

不发达国家 underdeveloped country

经济学家economist

经济政策economic policy

经济波动economic fluctuation

社会主义经济socialist economy

经济衰退(economic) depression/recession

常务董事 managing director

董事会 board of directors

证券交易所stock exchange

证券商 securities dealer

证券公司 securities company

支票 cheque/check

商业保险 commercial insurance

财产保险 property insurance

人身保险 personal insurance

人寿保险 life insurance

健康保险 health insurance

意外保险accident insurance

社会保险 social insurance

养老保险 endowment insurance

医疗保险 medical insurance

失业保险 unemployment insurance

生育保险 the childbirth insurance

保险合同 insurance contract

投保人policyholder

承保人 insurer;underwriter

被保险人 the insured

索赔 claim (v.)

市场份额 market share

营业范围 scope of business

营业额 business volume /sale volume市场报告 market report

副产品 byproduct/by-product

三角债chain debts

成套设备 complete plant

清仓/甩卖 clearance sale

最低价 rock bottom price; lowest price送货单 delivery note

无利息的 interest free

住房补贴 housing allowance

住房贷款 housing loan

发薪日pay day

裁员 downsize

冒牌货 imitation brand; fake product出口补贴export subsidies

支柱产业 pillar industry

经济重组 economic restructuring

大量生产、批量生产 mass produce

价格战 price war

经济刺激计划 economic stimulus nackage

学校教育类

必修课 required/compulsory course

普及教育 universal education

高等教育 higher education

象牙塔ivory tower

正规院校 regular universities andcolleges

军校 military academy

九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education

学前教育 pre-school education

失学儿童 dropout

文盲 illiteracy;illiterate

受过良好教育的well-educated

入学率 enrollment rate

适龄儿童入学率 enrollmentratefor children of schoolage

高考(university/college)entrance examination

考研 take the entranceexams forpostgraduate schools

读研 attendgraduate school

毕业典礼 commencement/graduation ceremony

毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal ships

授予学位confer an academic degree on sb.

博士学位 doctor's degree

硕士学位 master's degree

学士学位bachelor's degree

在职博士生 on-job doctorate

研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma

中专生 secondary specializedor technicalschool student

大学本科生 undergraduate

中小学 elementary/primary and middle/secondary schools

(大学)扩招 scale expansion

扩大招生人数 enlarge school enrollment/recruits

走读生 extern;non-resident student

住校生 boarder

课外活动extracurricular activity

环境保护类

气候climate

环境保护environmental protection

提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public

环保产品 environment-friendly product

一次性产品 disposable product

开发可再生资源develop renewable resources

高能耗产业energy-intensive industry

可持续发展 sustainable development

生态环境the ecological environment

温室效应greenhouse effect

污染物 pollutant

水土保持 water and soil conservation

降雨量 rainfall

物种灭绝the extinction of bio-species

先污染后治理exert control after pollution

碳减排 carbon emission reduction

温室气体排放 greenhouse gas emission

二氧化碳 carbon dioxide

新能源汽车green car

废气exhaust gas/fumes

汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust

发动机排量 engine displacement

零排放车辆 zero-emission vehicle

小排量汽车 small-displacement car

能源消耗 depletion of resources

能源危机energy crisis

回收利用recycle

低碳城市化道路 way to low-carbon urbanization

城市化 urbanization

濒临灭绝/失传 be on the verge of extinction/loss

濒危物种endangered species

稀有物种 rare species

防护林带 shelter belt

森林覆盖率 forest coverage rate

改善土壤 soil improvement

地质灾害 geological disaster

灾难 catastrophe;tragedy;disaster

不幸 misfortune

伤亡人员casualty

死亡人数 death toll

台风typhoon

火山爆发volcanic eruption

地震 earthquake

洪水flood

干旱drought

医疗健康类

诊所clinic

发烧fever

咳嗽 cough

头痛 headache

失眠 sleeplessness;lose sleep

近视的near-sighted;short-sighted

远视的 far-sighted

症状 symptom

诊断diagnosis (n.);diagnose (v.)疗法/治疗treatment

治愈 cure/heal

治病cure diseases

开处方prescribe

处方 prescription

偏方 folk prescription

秘方 secret prescription

祖传秘方 secret prescription handed down from one's ancestors

中医Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)

救死扶伤heal the sick and rescue the dying

望、闻、问、切 bserving,listening,inquiring,pulse taking

肥胖症obesity

保健品 health care products

草药herbal medicine

食疗food therapy

延缓衰老slow down aging

瑜珈yoga

体检physical examination

政治经济类

经济回暖economic recovery

经济趋势 economic trend

经济形势 economic situation

增长率 growth rate

基础设施建设 infrastructure construction

生活水平 living standard

购买力 purchasing power

社会福利 social welfare

社会保障 social security

国有企业 stated-owned enterprise

私营企业 private enterprise

外资企业 overseas-funded enterprise

合资企业 joint venture

扩大内需 expand domestic demand

下岗职工laid-off worker

新兴市场emerging market; new market

公务员public servant; civil servant

售后服务 after-sale service

市场营销 marketing

产值output value

投入input

产出/产量output

人均收入 per capita income

实际增长率actual growth rate

农业 agriculture

林业 forestry

畜牧业 animal husbandry

渔业fishing

第一产业(农业)agriculture (primary industry)

第二产业(工业)manufacturing industry (secondary industry)

第三产业(服务业)service industry (tertiary indus- try)

短期/中期/长期贷款 short/medium/long term loan

利率 rate of interest

纯收益/净收入 net income

平均收入 average income

国民收入national income

税制 taxation system

征税/纳税 taxation (n.);tax (v.)

免税的 tax-free

通货膨胀 inflation

经济结构调整the readjustment of economic struc- ture

“走出去”战略the strategy to go global

破产 go bankrupt;bankruptcy (n.)

社会保障体系 social security system

经济腾飞economic take-off

过渡时期 transition period

整顿/规范市场秩序 regulate the market order

创造良好的投资环境create a favorable invest- ment environment

给与优惠政策 offer favorable policies

附加值added value

经济规律 law/rule of economics

市场调节 market regulation

生产关系 relations of production

生产力productive forces

剩余劳动力 surplus labor

公有制public ownership

知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry

劳动密集型产业 labor-intensive industy

改善经济环境 improve economic environment

年均增长率 annual growth rate

外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value

居民储蓄存款residents' savings deposit

四大国有商业银行 four major state-owned com- mercial banks

农村经济rural economics

成本/费用/开支 cost

固定成本fixed costs

生产费用/营业成本 operating costs

收入/收益 income;earmings

总收入/总收益 gross income/earnings

产量收益/收益率 yield

商品经济commodity economy

上市公司 listed company

母公司parent company

子公司 subsidiary

注册资本 registered capital

业务部 business department

人力资源部 human resources department

市场部 marketing department

旅游类

旅游景点 tourist scenes; tourist spot

名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites; places of interests

避暑胜地 summer resort

森林公园 forest park

自然保护区 nature reserve

自然景观natural scenery

人文景观 human landscape

壮丽河山 magnificent scenery

古典山水园林classical landscape garden

皇家园林royal garden

建筑 architecture

钟楼 bell tower

鼓楼 drum tower

牌坊 memorial archway

兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses

天坛 the Temple of Heaven

保存最完好的best-preserved

原址 original site

国家博物馆 national museum

中外游客 tourists from home and abroad

游乐园 amusement park

度假 take a vacation; go on holiday