用 Ubuntu 自己设定软路由，不用现成的软路由系统

小麒2020 05-08 871

前言：

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现在有一大堆软路由系统，都不知道那个好，那个不好。

这么多系统，也不可能一个一个去安装测试，那不如自己试试用 Ubuntu 设置一台路由。

硬件（迷你电脑）：

Intel n3150 CPU, 4GB RAM, 64GB SSDRealtek Giga LAN x 2Intel N-7620 Wireless LAN x 1

软件系统：Ubuntu Server 16.04.2 LTS

Ubuntu 系统的安装，SSH 的安全设置（禁止密码登录，4096 bits key）等就不详细说了。

以下内容包括：

修改 Network Device Name创建 bridge, br0 （eth1 + wlan0）设置无线 Access Point （hostapd）安装 dnsmasq 作为 DNS 和 DHCP 服务器iptables rules (firewall + Port Forwarding)DDNSoverlayroot其他脚本WAN-to-LAN 速度测试

1. 修改 Network Device Name

Ubuntu 从前一两个版本开始，网卡的名称就不是 eth0, eth1, wlan0 等，使用起来很不习惯。所以第一步是把它们改回原来的命名方式。

创建一个档： /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", NAME="eth0"

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", NAME="eth1"

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", NAME="wlan0"

上面 "xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx" 是每张网卡的 MAC 地址（可以用 ifconfig -a 来查询）

（不要忘了）然后修改 /etc/network/interfaces，将里面的网口名称改回 eth0，eth1，wlan0，存档，重启...

重启后三张网卡的名称已经改变。这三张网卡将会如此使用：

eth0 - WANeth1 - LAN （10.0.1.1）wlan0 - LAN （10.0.1.1）

2. 创建 bridge, br0 （eth1 + wlan0）

就如一般的路由，我希望 eth1 和 wlan0 共用一个 LAN 地址，就如一张网卡般使用。

apt-get install bridge-utils

修改 /etc/network/interfaces:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface

auto lo

iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface

#auto eth0

allow-hotplug eth0

iface eth0 inet dhcp

iface eth1 inet manual

iface wlan0 inet manual

# Bridge setup

auto br0

iface br0 inet static

bridge_ports eth1 # wlan0 added by hostapd "bridge=br0" line.

address 10.0.1.1

broadcast 10.0.1.255

network 10.0.1.0

netmask 255.255.255.0

gateway 10.0.1.1

bridge_stp off # disable Spanning Tree Protocol

bridge_waitport 0 # no delay before a port becomes available

bridge_fd 0 # no forwarding delay

bridge_ports 只需要 eth1 就行，wlan0 会经 hostapd 加入到 br0 里面。

3. 设置无线 Access Point （hostapd）

apt-get install hostapd haveged

haveged （看这里）非常重要。没装它的时候，无线终端（例如：手机）连上接路由后能正常使用。但当路由重启后，手机就会出现“身份验证错误”，然后自动忘记无线密码。我花了四五个小时 google，修改 hostapd.conf，甚至换无线网卡测试。后来才找到原因。不明白 Ubuntu 官方连 overlayroot 都预装了，却不预装 haveged。而且大部分的 hostapd 教程也没有提到 haveged。

返回正题。修改 /etc/default/hostapd：

DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

创建 /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf :

interface=wlan0

driver=nl80211

bridge=br0 # Add wlan0 to br0

country_code=HK

ieee80211d=1

ctrl_interface=wlan0

ctrl_interface_group=0

ssid=YOUR-SSID

hw_mode=g

channel=6

wpa=3

wpa_passphrase=YOUR-PASSPHASE

wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK

wpa_pairwise=TKIP

rsn_pairwise=CCMP

beacon_int=100

auth_algs=3

macaddr_acl=0

eap_reauth_period=360000000

ignore_broadcast_ssid=0

# enable 802.11n (n-mode)

ieee80211n=1

wmm_enabled=1

4. 安装 dnsmasq 作为 DNS 和 DHCP 服务器

apt-get install dnsmasq

修改 /etc/dnsmasq.conf

interface=lo,br0

dhcp-range=10.0.1.21,10.0.1.250,255.255.255.0,12h

cache-size=500 # 缓存多少个地址，按需要修改

DNS 服务器方面，我除了 dnsmasq 外，我还装了 dnscrypt-proxy 防止 dns 劫持（dns 污染）。但这帖子已经很长，所以这里不写了。

现在重启路由后，手机等终端可以连接上路由了，可是还是不能上网。因为还缺少了下一步的 MASQUERADE。

5. iptables rules (firewall + Port Forwarding)

Debian/Ubuntu 的 iptables 教程，都是在 /etc/network/if-pre-up.d 里面加一个脚本来启动 iptables 规则。因为我的 Port Forwarding rules 使用到 WAN 口的地址，所以我把 iptables 分成 if-pre-up.d 和 if-up.d 两部分。pre-up 时（eth0 还没 ip 地址）启动 firewall filter 等，post-up 时（eth0 已经分配到 ip 地址）加上 port forwarding 规则。

if-pre-up.d 部分，创建 /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/my-pre-up :

#!/bin/sh

EXTIF=eth0

if [ "$IFACE" = "$EXTIF" ]; then

/bin/sh /usr/myscripts/iptables/pre-up-rules

创建 /usr/myscripts/iptables/pre-up-rules：

#!/bin/sh

EXTIF=eth0

INTIF=br0

LOG=/tmp/set-rules-router.log

WANIP=$(/sbin/ifconfig $EXTIF | grep 'inet addr:' | cut -d: -f2 | awk '{ print $1}')

echo "PRE-UP : `date`" | tee -a $LOG

echo "$IFACE pre-up, $EXTIF IP : $WANIP" | tee -a $LOG

echo | tee -a $LOG

SSHPORT=22222;

echo "Setting default policy and clearing all rules ..." | tee -a $LOG

# Default poliicy

/sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP

/sbin/iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD DROP

/sbin/iptables -F

/sbin/iptables -X

/sbin/iptables -t nat -F

/sbin/iptables -t nat -X

/sbin/iptables -t mangle -F

/sbin/iptables -t mangle -X

/sbin/iptables -t raw -F

/sbin/iptables -t raw -X

echo "Setting up firewall rules..." | tee -a $LOG

# Ref :

echo -n '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

echo -n '0' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept_source_route

echo -n '0' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept_redirects

echo -n '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts

echo -n '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses

# Chains :

/sbin/iptables -N syn_flood

## Protection 1 vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv

# Openwrt : Drop XMAS, Null first, then invalid packets (these 3 come before other rules)

# XMAS packets

/sbin/iptables -t raw -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP -m comment --comment "Drop XMAS packets"

# Drop all NULL packets

/sbin/iptables -t raw -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP -m comment --comment "Drop all NULL packets"

##^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

# Enable loopback traffic

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

# Enable statefull rules (after that, only need to allow NEW conections)

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

# eth0 - WAN, eth1 - LAN, this will allow your internal to access the external:

/sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $EXTIF -j MASQUERADE

/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -i $INTIF -o $EXTIF -j ACCEPT

# DNS - accept from LAN

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $INTIF -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "Accept DNS from LAN"

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $INTIF -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "Accept DNS from LAN"

## Protection 2 vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv

# Drop Invalid Packets

# Drop invalid state packets

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP -m comment --comment "Drop Invalid INPUT Packets"

/sbin/iptables -A OUTPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP -m comment --comment "Drop Invalid OUTPUT Packets"

/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP -m comment --comment "Drop Invalid FORWARD Packets"

# Force Fragments packets check

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -f -j DROP -m comment --comment "Force Fragments packets check"

# Reject spoofed packets

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -s 169.254.0.0/16 -j DROP

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -s 172.16.0.0/12 -j DROP

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -s 127.0.0.0/8 -j DROP

#Multicast-adresses.

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -s 224.0.0.0/4 -j DROP

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -d 224.0.0.0/4 -j DROP

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -s 240.0.0.0/5 -j DROP

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -d 240.0.0.0/5 -j DROP

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -s 0.0.0.0/8 -j DROP

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -d 0.0.0.0/8 -j DROP

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -d 239.255.255.0/24 -j DROP

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -d 255.255.255.255 -j DROP

# SYN Flood Protection

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -j syn_flood

/sbin/iptables -A syn_flood -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m limit --limit 25/sec --limit-burst 50 -j RETURN

/sbin/iptables -A syn_flood -j DROP

##^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

# Allow HTTP to this Router

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $INTIF -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "Accept HTTP from LAN"

# Allow SSH with brute-force attack protection from WAN

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -p tcp -m tcp --dport $SSHPORT -m state --state NEW -m recent --set --name SSH_LIMIT --rsource

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $EXTIF -p tcp --dport $SSHPORT -m state --state NEW -m recent --update --seconds 60 --hitcount 3 --name SSH_LIMIT --rsource -j DROP

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport $SSHPORT -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "Accept ssh from both WAN and LAN"

# DHCP client requests - accept from LAN

/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i $INTIF -p udp --dport 67:68 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "Accept DHCP requests from LAN"

# Allow ping from LAN

iptables -A INPUT -i $INTIF -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "Accept Ping request from LAN"

iptables -A OUTPUT -o $INTIF -p icmp --icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "Accept Ping reply to LAN"

if-up.d 部分，创建 /etc/network/if-up.d/my-post-up :

#!/bin/sh

EXTIF=eth0

if [ "$IFACE" = "$EXTIF" ]; then

/bin/sh /usr/myscripts/iptables/post-up-rules

创建 /usr/myscripts/iptables/post-up-rules ：

#!/bin/sh

EXTIF=eth0

INTIF=br0

LOG=/tmp/set-rules-router.log

WANIP=$(/sbin/ifconfig $EXTIF | grep 'inet addr:' | cut -d: -f2 | awk '{ print $1}')

echo "POST-UP : `date`" | tee -a $LOG

echo "$IFACE post-up, $EXTIF IP : $WANIP" | tee -a $LOG

echo | tee -a $LOG

if [ -z "$WANIP" ]; then

exit;

get_network(){

ip=$1

baseip=$(echo $ip | cut -d"." -f1-3)

echo $baseip".0"

}

LANIP=$(/sbin/ifconfig $INTIF | grep 'inet addr:' | cut -d: -f2 | awk '{ print $1}')

NETWORK=$(get_network "$LANIP")

PC2="10.0.1.130"; # Web server internal IP

MAIL="10.0.1.131"; # mail server internal IP

HTTPS_PORT=12310;

IMAPS_PORT=12311;

POP3S_PORT=12312;

## PORT FORWARDING vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv

# HTTPS to Web Server

/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d $WANIP -p tcp --dport $HTTPS_PORT -j DNAT --to-destination $PC2:$HTTPS_PORT -m comment --comment "Port Forwarding to PC2"

/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d $PC2 --dport $HTTPS_PORT -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

/sbin/iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -s $NETWORK/24 -d $PC2/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport $HTTPS_PORT -j SNAT --to-source $LANIP

# Mail Server

/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d $WANIP -p tcp --dport 25 -j DNAT --to-destination $MAIL:25 -m comment --comment "Port Forwarding SMTP"

/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d $WANIP -p tcp --dport 465 -j DNAT --to-destination $MAIL:465 -m comment --comment "Port Forwarding SMTPs"

/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d $WANIP -p tcp --dport 587 -j DNAT --to-destination $MAIL:587 -m comment --comment "Port Forwarding Submission"

/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d $WANIP -p tcp --dport $IMAPS_PORT -j DNAT --to-destination $MAIL:993 -m comment --comment "Port Forwarding IMAPs"

/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d $WANIP -p tcp --dport $POP3S_PORT -j DNAT --to-destination $MAIL:995 -m comment --comment "Port Forwarding POP3s"

/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d $MAIL -m multiport --dport 25,465,587,993,995 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

/sbin/iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -s $NETWORK/24 -d $MAIL/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j SNAT --to-source $LANIP

/sbin/iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -s $NETWORK/24 -d $MAIL/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 465 -j SNAT --to-source $LANIP

/sbin/iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -s $NETWORK/24 -d $MAIL/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 587 -j SNAT --to-source $LANIP

/sbin/iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -s $NETWORK/24 -d $MAIL/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 993 -j SNAT --to-source $LANIP

/sbin/iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -s $NETWORK/24 -d $MAIL/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 995 -j SNAT --to-source $LANIP

##^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

将以上四个脚本设为“可执行”： chmod +x filename。重启 ...现在终于可以经这个路由上网了！

6. DDNS

我没有固定 IP，所以要用 DDNS。我用的是 dnsexit（免费、收费都有），更新 DNS 非常简单 - 在 /etc/rc.local 执行以下脚本就行。

/usr/myscripts/update-ddns

#!/bin/bash

USER=username;

PASSWORD=updatepassword;

DOMAINS=(domain1.net domain2.net); # multiple domains at the same IP separated by spaces

LOG=/tmp/update-ddns.log

echo "* $(date)" | tee -a $LOG

echo | tee -a $LOG

echo "Updating DDNS to dnsexit ..."

for domain in "${DOMAINS[@]}"; do

url=";;

echo $url | tee -a $LOG

result=$(curl -s $url)

echo "$result" | tee -a $LOG

echo | tee -a $LOG

done

echo | tee -a $LOG

当然要 chmod +x /usr/myscripts/update-ddns 将这脚本设为“可执行”。

7. overlayroot

我们当然要求软路由能经得起断电而系统不坏，系统不会在我们不想改变的时候有任何变化。所以我使用了 overlayroot。

apt-get install overlayroot

其实上面的是不需要的，因为 Ubuntu 已经预装了 overlayroot。

修改 /etc/overlayroot.conf，将 overlayroot="" 改为：

overlayroot="tmpfs"

重启系统后，整个 root filesystem 已经被保护了。之后的任何改变，都会在重启之后恢复回之前的状态。

之后如果确实要改变系统，可以输入 overlayroot-chroot 进入真实的档案系统，然后修改 /etc/overlayroot.conf，改回 overlayroot=""，重启 ... 这样就停用了 overlayroot。

详细可以参考：。

8. 其他脚本

我测试过把 WAN 口网线拔掉重插，if-pre-up.d 和 if-up.d 并没有触发。这就让我担心掉线之后会不会不能上网，或者 ip 改变导致 dns 和 port forwarding 规则失败。其实最佳的解决办法可能是用 ip monitor address 然后 grep，一直监视 WAN 口。但我在网上找到 ip monitor address 的例子非常少，而且也不知道怎样改变地址来测试，所以只能用 cron。每隔 5分钟或者10分钟检查一遍。

脚本不贴出来了，在附件里面。

other-scripts.zip

vars ：存储 ping-sites 和 dns-check 两个脚本通用的资料。ping-sites ： ping 一些外面的网站，第一次不通，ifdown && ifup；连续第二次不通，reboot。dns-check ：比较 authoritative servers 和 WAN 口的 ip 地址，并且检查 port forwarding 规则是不是含正确的 ip。send-mail ：发送 email 的脚本。

9. WAN-to-LAN 速度测试

测试环境：

al@DESKTOP-CFK04JL:~$ iperf3 -c 10.0.0.133 -t 10

Connecting to host 10.0.0.133, port 5201

[ 4] local 10.0.1.29 port 41268 connected to 10.0.0.133 port 5201

[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr Cwnd

[ 4] 0.00-1.00 sec 111 MBytes 929 Mbits/sec 0 731 KBytes

[ 4] 1.00-2.00 sec 110 MBytes 923 Mbits/sec 0 1.07 MBytes

[ 4] 2.00-3.00 sec 109 MBytes 912 Mbits/sec 0 1.07 MBytes

[ 4] 3.00-4.00 sec 110 MBytes 923 Mbits/sec 0 1.07 MBytes

[ 4] 4.00-5.00 sec 111 MBytes 933 Mbits/sec 0 1.07 MBytes

[ 4] 5.00-6.00 sec 109 MBytes 912 Mbits/sec 0 1.07 MBytes

[ 4] 6.00-7.00 sec 109 MBytes 912 Mbits/sec 0 1.07 MBytes

[ 4] 7.00-8.00 sec 108 MBytes 902 Mbits/sec 0 1.13 MBytes

[ 4] 8.00-9.00 sec 109 MBytes 912 Mbits/sec 0 1.13 MBytes

[ 4] 9.00-10.00 sec 109 MBytes 912 Mbits/sec 0 1.13 MBytes

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr

[ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 1.07 GBytes 917 Mbits/sec 0 sender

[ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 1.06 GBytes 914 Mbits/sec receiver

iperf Done.

al@DESKTOP-CFK04JL:~$ iperf3 -c 10.0.0.133 -t 10

Connecting to host 10.0.0.133, port 5201

[ 4] local 10.0.1.29 port 41272 connected to 10.0.0.133 port 5201

[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr Cwnd

[ 4] 0.00-1.00 sec 108 MBytes 906 Mbits/sec 0 1.04 MBytes

[ 4] 1.00-2.00 sec 110 MBytes 923 Mbits/sec 0 1.04 MBytes

[ 4] 2.00-3.00 sec 111 MBytes 933 Mbits/sec 0 1.04 MBytes

[ 4] 3.00-4.00 sec 110 MBytes 923 Mbits/sec 0 1.33 MBytes

[ 4] 4.00-5.00 sec 110 MBytes 923 Mbits/sec 0 1.33 MBytes

[ 4] 5.00-6.00 sec 111 MBytes 933 Mbits/sec 0 1.33 MBytes

[ 4] 6.00-7.00 sec 109 MBytes 912 Mbits/sec 0 1.33 MBytes

[ 4] 7.00-8.00 sec 111 MBytes 933 Mbits/sec 0 1.33 MBytes

[ 4] 8.00-9.00 sec 110 MBytes 923 Mbits/sec 0 1.33 MBytes

[ 4] 9.00-10.00 sec 110 MBytes 923 Mbits/sec 0 1.33 MBytes

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Retr

[ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 1.07 GBytes 923 Mbits/sec 0 sender

[ 4] 0.00-10.00 sec 1.07 GBytes 920 Mbits/sec receiver

iperf Done.

al@DESKTOP-CFK04JL:~$

WAN-to-LAN 速度 > 900 Mbits/sec，满意！

sysctl.conf

部分设定是希望增加 Network throughput 的，可是测试过，没看到区别。

部分设定是增加安全的（参考了一些网页，还有 ipcop, clearOS, debian 等系统）。

因为 sysctl.conf 已经设置了，所以 1楼的 /usr/myscripts/iptables/pre-up-rules 可以去掉下面几行：

# Ref :

#echo -n '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

#echo -n '0' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept_source_route

#echo -n '0' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept_redirects

#echo -n '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts

#echo -n '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses

# /etc/sysctl.conf - Configuration file for setting system variables

# See /etc/sysctl.d/ for additional system variables.

# See sysctl.conf (5) for information.

#kernel.domainname = example.com

# Uncomment the following to stop low-level messages on console

#kernel.printk = 3 4 1 3

##############################################################3

# Functions previously found in netbase

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable Spoof protection (reverse-path filter)

# Turn on Source Address Verification in all interfaces to

# prevent some spoofing attacks

#net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1

#net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1

# Uncomment the next line to enable TCP/IP SYN cookies

# See

# Note: This may impact IPv6 TCP sessions too

#net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1

# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv6

# Enabling this option disables Stateless Address Autoconfiguration

# based on Router Advertisements for this host

#net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1

###################################################################

# Additional settings - these settings can improve the network

# security of the host and prevent against some network attacks

# including spoofing attacks and man in the middle attacks through

# redirection. Some network environments, however, require that these

# settings are disabled so review and enable them as needed.

# Do not accept ICMP redirects (prevent MITM attacks)

#net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

#net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

# _or_

# Accept ICMP redirects only for gateways listed in our default

# gateway list (enabled by default)

# net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 1

# Do not send ICMP redirects (we are not a router)

#net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

# Do not accept IP source route packets (we are not a router)

#net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

#net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

# Log Martian Packets

#net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1

# disable ipv6

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.eth0.disable_ipv6 = 1

### IMPROVE SYSTEM MEMORY MANAGEMENT ###

# Increase size of file handles and inode cache

fs.file-max = 2097152

# Do less swapping

vm.swappiness = 5

vm.dirty_ratio = 60

vm.dirty_background_ratio = 2

### GENERAL NETWORK SECURITY OPTIONS ###

# Number of times SYNACKs for passive TCP connection.

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

# Allowed local port range

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 2000 65535

# Protect Against TCP Time-Wait

net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337 = 1

# Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 15

# Decrease the time default value for connections to keep alive

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 5

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15

### TUNING NETWORK PERFORMANCE ###

# Default Socket Receive Buffer

net.core.rmem_default = 31457280

# Maximum Socket Receive Buffer

net.core.rmem_max = 12582912

# Default Socket Send Buffer

net.core.wmem_default = 31457280

# Maximum Socket Send Buffer

net.core.wmem_max = 12582912

# Increase number of incoming connections

net.core.somaxconn = 4096

# Increase number of incoming connections backlog

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 65536

# Increase the maximum amount of option memory buffers

net.core.optmem_max = 25165824

# Increase the maximum total buffer-space allocatable

# This is measured in units of pages (4096 bytes)

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 65536 131072 262144

net.ipv4.udp_mem = 65536 131072 262144

# Increase the read-buffer space allocatable

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 8192 87380 16777216

net.ipv4.udp_rmem_min = 16384

# Increase the write-buffer-space allocatable

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 8192 65536 16777216

net.ipv4.udp_wmem_min = 16384

# Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size to prevent simple DOS attacks

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 1440000

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

# Additional setting with reference to ipcop/clearos

net.ipv4.ip_dynaddr = 1

# rp_filter = 1, source address verification helps protect against spoofing attacks

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

#net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.promote_secondaries = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0

net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

#net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.promote_secondaries = 1

# also suggested by Debian

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

目前就做成这样，先用一段时间看看有什么要修改的。

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