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Dear you, this is The LearningYard Academy. Today Xiaobian brings you "Crooked Cross Test 408 – Data Structures”, welcome your visit.

思维导图

Mind brain

什么是数据结构？

What is a data structure?

数据结构是计算机科学中用来组织和存储数据的一种方式。它是由特定的数据元素和它们之间的关系所组成的集合。数据结构在计算机程序中起着重要的作用，它能够影响算法的运行效率和内存的利用率。下面我将详细介绍几种常见的数据结构。

Data structures are a way of organizing and storing data in computer science. It is a collection of specific data elements and the relationships between them. Data structures play an important role in computer programs, which can affect the efficiency of algorithms and memory utilization. I'll take a closer look at a few common data structures below.

数组(Array)：数组是一种线性数据结构，它由一组相同类型的元素组成，并通过索引来访问。数组具有随机访问的特点，可以快速访问任意位置的元素。但是数组的大小在创建时就固定了，不利于灵活性的扩展。

Array: An array is a linear data structure that consists of a set of elements of the same type and is accessed by index. Arrays have random access to quickly access elements in arbitrary positions. But the size of the array is fixed when it is created, which is not conducive to flexible scaling.

链表(Linked List)：链表也是一种线性数据结构，它由一组节点组成，每个节点存储元素和指向下一个节点的引用。链表可以动态地添加和删除元素，不需要预先分配空间。但是链表的访问是顺序的，不能直接访问任意位置的元素。

Linked List: A linked list is also a linear data structure that consists of a set of nodes, each of which stores elements and a reference to the next node. Linked lists can add and remove elements dynamically without pre-allocating space. But the access to the linked list is sequential, and elements in any position cannot be accessed directly.

栈(Stack)：栈是一种基于后进先出(LIFO)原则的数据结构。它只允许在栈顶进行插入和删除操作，即称为入栈(push)和出栈(pop)。栈常用于表达式求值、括号匹配、递归等场景。

Stack: A stack is a data structure based on the LIFO principle. It only allows inserts and deletes on top of the stack, which are called push and pop. Stacks are commonly used in scenarios such as expression evaluation, parenthesis matching, and recursion.

队列(Queue)：队列是一种基于先进先出(FIFO)原则的数据结构。它只允许在队尾进行插入操作，队头进行删除操作，即称为入队(enqueue)和出队(dequeue)。队列常用于任务调度、广度优先搜索等场景。

Queue: A queue is a data structure based on the first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle. It only allows inserts at the end of the queue and deletion operations at the head of the queue, which are called enqueue and dequeue. Queues are commonly used in scenarios such as task scheduling and breadth-first search.

图(Graph)：图是一种非线性的数据结构，它由一组节点和节点之间的边组成。图可以表示多对多的连接关系，通常用于表示网络、社交关系、路由等。

Graph: A graph is a nonlinear data structure that consists of a set of nodes and edges between nodes. Diagrams can represent many-to-many connections and are often used to represent networks, social relationships, routes, and so on.

哈希表(Hash Table)：哈希表是一种基于散列函数的数据结构。它通过将关键字通过散列函数映射到数组的位置来进行快速的查找和插入操作。哈希表常用于实现字典、缓存等。

Hash Table: A hash table is a data structure based on a hash function. It enables fast lookup and insertion operations by mapping keywords to the position of the array through a hash function. Hash tables are commonly used to implement dictionaries, caches, and so on.

除了以上介绍的几种常见的数据结构，还有很多其他的数据结构，例如堆(heap)、二叉树(binary tree)、图的遍历算法等。选择合适的数据结构可以提高算法的效率和程序的性能，因此对数据结构的理解和选择至关重要。

In addition to the several common data structures introduced above, there are many other data structures, such as heaps, binary trees, graph traversal algorithms, etc. Choosing the right data structure can improve the efficiency of the algorithm and the performance of the program, so the understanding and selection of data structures is crucial.

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翻译来源于谷歌翻译

部分来源于

百度文库

人民邮电出版社出版《数据结构》

编辑&排版|歪歪

审核|杨德鸿