作者 | Alfredo Sequeida 译者 | 弯月出品 | CSDN（ID：CSDNnews）首先，我们来熟悉一些相关的概念。SMS（Short Messaging Service，短消息服务）就是文本消息，上限是 160 个字符，通过移动网络发送。MMS（Multimedia Messaging Service，多媒体消息服务）与文本消息基本相同，只不过嵌入了图像、视频或 PDF 文件等多媒体，我也是最近才知道我们可以通过文本消息发送这些多媒体。为了发送免费的文本消息，我们将使用 SMS 网关，但这些网关只是中转服务器，可通过移动网络将消息传递到手机。

发送短信

Twilio等解决方案允许你使用他们的 API，通过编程发送文本消息，但需要收费。本文使用的 SMS 和 MMS 网关是免费的，因为我们可以通过电子邮件与它们交互。换句话说，这些网关是由移动提供商架设的，允许我们以电子邮件消息的形式发送文本消息，然后通过 SMS 或 MMS 将消息转发到手机。下面的列表汇总了美国境内电话提供商的 SMS 和 MMS 电子邮件域名，仅供参考：

providers.pyPROVIDERS = { "AT&T": {"sms": "txt.att.net","mms": "mms.att.net", "mms_support": True}, "Boost Mobile": { "sms": "sms.myboostmobile.com", "mms": "myboostmobile.com", "mms_support": True, }, "C-Spire": {"sms": "cspire1.com","mms_support": False}, "Cricket Wireless": { "sms":"sms.cricketwireless.net ", "mms": "mms.cricketwireless.net", "mms_support": True, }, "Consumer Cellular": {"sms":"mailmymobile.net", "mms_support": False}, "Google Project Fi": {"sms":"msg.fi.google.com", "mms_support": True}, "Metro PCS": {"sms": "mymetropcs.com","mms_support": True}, "Mint Mobile": {"sms": "mailmymobile.net","mms_support": False}, "Page Plus": { "sms": "vtext.com", "mms": "mypixmessages.com", "mms_support": True, }, "Republic Wireless": { "sms": "text.republicwireless.com", "mms_support": False, }, "Sprint": { "sms": "messaging.sprintpcs.com", "mms": "pm.sprint.com", "mms_support": True, }, "Straight Talk": { "sms": "vtext.com", "mms": "mypixmessages.com", "mms_support": True, }, "T-Mobile": {"sms": "tmomail.net","mms_support": True}, "Ting": {"sms": "message.ting.com","mms_support": False}, "Tracfone": {"sms": "", "mms":"mmst5.tracfone.com", "mms_support": True}, "U.S. Cellular": { "sms": "email.uscc.net", "mms": "mms.uscc.net", "mms_support": True, }, "Verizon": {"sms": "vtext.com","mms": "vzwpix.com", "mms_support": True}, "Virgin Mobile": { "sms": "vmobl.com", "mms": "vmpix.com", "mms_support": True, }, "Xfinity Mobile": { "sms": "vtext.com", "mms": "mypixmessages.com", "mms_support": True, },}

简单地解释一下，本文中的例子使用的是美国电话号码，一共10个数字。我们可以采用如下形式：电话号码@网管域名（number@gateway-domain.com）。除了移动提供商提供 SMS 或 MMS 的电子邮件域外，你还需要一个电子邮件提供商，这样才能使用 SMTP 服务器。在本文的示例中，我们将使用 Gmail 及其 SMTP 服务器。因此，你需要一个 Gmail 账号。此外，你还需要设置应用密码，且不设置两步验证，作为登录 SMTP 服务器的方式。具体的做法，请参见：。从“应用程序”下拉菜单中选择Email，“设备”下拉菜单中选择“任意设备”，然后就可以获得一个密码，后面我们会使用这个密码来完成 Gmail 的 SMTP 服务器的身份验证。下面，我们来看一看代码。首先，我们需要导入一些模块：email：用于格式化电子邮件。smtplib：通过 SMTP 服务器发送电子邮件。ssl：连接SMTP 服务器。providers：上面提到的移动提供商的配置。代码如下：

main.pyimport email, smtplib, sslfrom providers import PROVIDERS

main.pydef send_sms_via_email( number: str, message: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,):

main.pydef send_sms_via_email( number: str, message: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials

main.pydef send_sms_via_email( number: str, message: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}'

main.pydef send_sms_via_email( number: str, message: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}' email_message =f"Subject:{subject}\nTo:{receiver_email}\n{message}"

main.pydef send_sms_via_email( number: str, message: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}' email_message =f"Subject:{subject}\nTo:{receiver_email}\n{message}" with smtplib.SMTP_SSL( smtp_server, smtp_port, context=ssl.create_default_context() ) as email: email.login(sender_email, email_password) email.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, email_message)

main.pydef main(): number = "5623720883" message = "hello world!" provider = "T-Mobile" sender_credentials = ("email@domain.com","password") send_sms_via_email(number, message, provider, sender_credentials)

if __name__ == "__main__": main()

发送 MMS 消息

下面，我们介绍如何发送 MMS 消息。代码与发送 SMS 消息基本类似，我们从同一段代码入手：

main.pydef send_mms_via_email( number: str, message: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}'

为了发送 MMS 消息，我们还需要添加三个参数：

file_path：由于我们需要一个文件来发送多媒体消息，因此需要再添加一个参数用以表示文件的路径。mime_maintype：多媒体文件的主类型。mime_subtype：多媒体文件的子类型。具体的代码如下：

main.pydef send_mms_via_email( number: str, message: str, file_path: str, mime_maintype: str, mime_subtype: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): 

此外，我们还需要导入发送 MMS 的工具函数：

main.pyfrom email import encodersfrom email.mime.base import MIMEBasefrom email.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom os.path import basename

接下来，我们来写发送电子邮件的函数。我们发送的邮件不需要显示主题、收件人和消息，但邮件应该包含多个部分：第一部分，消息本身；第二部分，电子邮件的附件。

回顾移动提供商列表，你可能会注意到一些提供商不支持发送多媒体消息，或者使用同一个域名和支持 SMS 的密钥发送短消息和多媒体消息。例如，T-Mobile 没有 MMS 密钥，但实际上它支持 MMS 密钥，这意味着我们可以使用同一个短信域来 SMS 和 MMS。与此同时，AT&T 既有 SMS 域也有 MMS 域。因此，你需要根据发送的内容选择合适的域名。与上述 email_message 方法类似，但这次我们使用 MIMEMultipart。此外，我们还需要使用 email_message 添加主题、收件人和发件人。

main.pydef send_mms_via_email( number: str, message: str, file_path: str, mime_maintype: str, mime_subtype: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com" smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}' email_message = MIMEMultipart() email_message["Subject"] = subject email_message["From"] = sender_email email_message["To"] = receiver_email

接下来，我们在邮件中添加附件——普通类型（纯文本）。

main.pydef send_mms_via_email( number: str, message: str, file_path: str, mime_maintype: str, mime_subtype: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}' email_message = MIMEMultipart() email_message["Subject"] = subject email_message["From"] = sender_email email_message["To"] = receiver_email email_message.attach(MIMEText(message, "plain"))

MIME类型

MIME类型是一种文件类型或一种内容类型的声明。在我们的例子中，MIME 文本表明电子邮件的内容是文本。同样，如果想添加此类的附件，则必须指定 MIME类型。

附加文件

我们可以通过上下文管理器，在参数中传递的文件路径。然后指定读取类型，在这个例子中，我们需要读取字节。我们可以使用 MIMEBase 指定 MIME 类型的文件。mime_maintype 是主要类型，mime_subtype 是子类型。接着，我们还需要设置内容的有效负载。在这个例子中就是附加文件。为了发送文件，我们需要将其编码为 base64，因此前面我们导入了 encoders，我们需要将媒体编码为 base64。此外，我们还需要添加一个 content-disposition 类型的头部，并在其中指定文件名。然后，将其附加到我们的电子邮件中，就可以像前面一样发送邮件了。

main.pydef send_mms_via_email( number: str, message: str, file_path: str, mime_maintype: str, mime_subtype: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,):sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}' email_message = MIMEMultipart() email_message["Subject"] = subject email_message["From"] = sender_email email_message["To"] = receiver_email email_message.attach(MIMEText(message, "plain")) with open(file_path, "rb") as attachment: part = MIMEBase(mime_maintype, mime_subtype) part.set_payload(attachment.read()) encoders.encode_base64(part) part.add_header( "Content-Disposition", f"attachment;filename={basename(file_path)}", ) email_message.attach(part)

最后，我们不能直接发送 MIME 类型的电子邮件，我们必须在上下文管理器之外将其转换为文本。

main.pydef send_mms_via_email( number: str, message: str, file_path: str, mime_maintype: str, mime_subtype: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}' email_message = MIMEMultipart() email_message["Subject"] = subject email_message["From"] = sender_email email_message["To"] = receiver_email email_message.attach(MIMEText(message, "plain")) with open(file_path, "rb") as attachment: part = MIMEBase(mime_maintype, mime_subtype) part.set_payload(attachment.read()) encoders.encode_base64(part) part.add_header( "Content-Disposition", f"attachment;filename={basename(file_path)}", ) email_message.attach(part) text = email_message.as_string()

main.pydef send_mms_via_email( number: str, message: str, file_path: str, mime_maintype: str, mime_subtype: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}' email_message = MIMEMultipart() email_message["Subject"] = subject email_message["From"] = sender_email email_message["To"] = receiver_email email_message.attach(MIMEText(message, "plain")) with open(file_path, "rb") as attachment: part = MIMEBase(mime_maintype, mime_subtype) part.set_payload(attachment.read()) encoders.encode_base64(part) part.add_header( "Content-Disposition", f"attachment;filename={basename(file_path)}", ) email_message.attach(part) text = email_message.as_string() with smtplib.SMTP_SSL( smtp_server, smtp_port, context=ssl.create_default_context() ) as email: email.login(sender_email, email_password) email.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, text)

下面，我们来创建 main 函数。与 SMS 的代码类似，我们只需添加文件路径和 MIME 类型。为了发送一个 png 图像，我们必须指定 mime_maintype 为 “image”，mime_subtype 为 “png”。

main.pydef main(): file_path = "/path/to/file/file.png" mime_maintype = "image" mime_subtype = "png" number = "5623720883" message = "hello world!" provider = "T-Mobile" sender_credentials = ("email@domain.com","password") send_mms_via_email( number, message, file_path, mime_maintype, mime_subtype, provider, sender_credentials, )if __name__ == "__main__": main()

main.pyimport email, smtplib, sslfrom providers import PROVIDERS# used for MMSfrom email import encodersfrom email.mime.base import MIMEBasefrom email.mime.multipart importMIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom os.path import basenamedef send_sms_via_email( number: str, message: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}' email_message =f"Subject:{subject}\nTo:{receiver_email}\n{message}" with smtplib.SMTP_SSL( smtp_server, smtp_port, context=ssl.create_default_context() ) as email: email.login(sender_email, email_password) email.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, email_message)def send_mms_via_email( number: str, message: str, file_path: str, mime_maintype: str, mime_subtype: str, provider: str, sender_credentials: tuple, subject: str = "sent using etext", smtp_server: str = "smtp.gmail.com", smtp_port: int = 465,): sender_email, email_password = sender_credentials receiver_email =f'{number}@{PROVIDERS.get(provider).get("sms")}' email_message=MIMEMultipart() email_message["Subject"] = subject email_message["From"] = sender_email email_message["To"] = receiver_email email_message.attach(MIMEText(message, "plain")) with open(file_path, "rb") as attachment: part = MIMEBase(mime_maintype, mime_subtype) part.set_payload(attachment.read()) encoders.encode_base64(part) part.add_header( "Content-Disposition", f"attachment;filename={basename(file_path)}", ) email_message.attach(part) text = email_message.as_string() with smtplib.SMTP_SSL( smtp_server, smtp_port, context=ssl.create_default_context() ) as email: email.login(sender_email, email_password) email.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, text)def main(): number = "5623720883" message = "hello world!" provider = "T-Mobile" sender_credentials = ("email@domain.com","password") # SMS send_sms_via_email(number, message, provider, sender_credentials) # MMS file_path = "/path/to/file/file.png" mime_maintype = "image" mime_subtype = "png" send_mms_via_email( number, message, file_path, mime_maintype, mime_subtype, provider, sender_credentials, ) if __name__ == "__main__": main()

常见的 MIME 类型

下表是一些常见的 MIME 类型：参考链接：

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