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Hello, lovely students. And welcome back to English With Lucy.

可爱的学生们，你们好。欢迎回到跟着 Lucy 学英语。

Today, we are going to talk about reported speech. Reported speech can seem really complicated at first, but my goal in this lesson is to make it really easy and understandable for you so that you can use it with confidence.

今天我们将讨论间接引语。间接引语一开始可能看起来很复杂，但我这节课的目标是让它变得非常简单和容易理解，这样你就可以自信地使用它了。

To assist you, I've also created a free PDF that goes with this lesson. It covers everything we're going to discuss today, and it has a quiz.

为了帮助你，我还为这节课创建了配套的免费 PDF。它不仅包含我们今天要讨论的所有内容，而且还有一个测试。

So you can test your understanding and put what you've learned into practise. One of the most important parts.

这样你可以测试你的理解并学以致用。重要的部分之一。

If you'd like to download the free PDF, just click on the link in the description box, you enter your name and your email address. You sign up to my mailing list and the PDF will arrive instantaneously in your inbox.

如果你想下载免费的 PDF，只需单击描述栏中的链接，输入姓名和电子邮件地址。你注册到我的邮件列表，然后 PDF将立即到达你的收件箱。

Every week after that you will automatically receive all of my free lesson PDFs and quizzes along with all of my news, course offers and updates. It's a free service you can unsubscribe at any time.

之后的每一周你将自动收到我所有的免费课程 PDF 和测验，以及我所有的新闻课程优惠和更新。这是一项免费服务，你可以随时取消订阅。

One quick thing, it's me, future Lucy. I just have a quick message from the sponsor of today's video, Lingoda, which is Europe's number one trusted language school.

提醒一下，是我，未来的 Lucy。我刚收到今天视频的赞助商 Lingoda 的短信，这是欧洲排名第一的值得信赖的语言学校。

Have you ever heard about Lingoda's language sprint? It's an intensive language challenge where you take either 15 or 30 classes per month.

你听说过 Lingoda 的语言冲刺吗？它是一项密集的语言挑战，你每个月要上 15 或 30 节课。

As a huge motivational push you can get 100% cash back for full attendance or 50% cash back if you take the lighter sprint option. You can take the sprint in English, business English, French, German, or Spanish from beginner to advanced level.

作为一个巨大的激励，如果你达到全勤就可以获得全额现金返还，或者如果你选择较轻的冲刺选项，就可以获得一半的现金返还。你可以选择英语、商务英语、法语、德语、或西班牙语的冲刺，难度从初级到高级。

I have had an amazing experience with Lingoda They have incredible qualified teachers and their group class sizes are so small. You can attend 24/7 from anywhere in the world and their classes are packed with interaction and lots and lots of speaking practise.

我在 Lingoda 有过很棒的经历，他们有优秀的有资质的教师，他们的班级规模非常小。你可以在世界任何地方上课，全年无休，他们的课程充满了互动和大量的口语练习。

I recently spoke to some of my students who had completed sprints and received their full refunds and their feedback was amazing. They said the cash back incentive was what really pushed them through.

我最近与我的一些学生进行了交谈，他们完成了冲刺并获得了全额退款，而且他们的反馈很棒。他们说现金返还激励真的鼓励他们完成了冲刺。

Are you ready to take your language skills to the next level? Join the sprint.

你准备好将你的语言技能提升到一个新的水平了吗？加入冲刺活动吧。

If you click on my link in the description box down there, you can get a 20 Euro or $25 discount on your deposit. What are you waiting for?

如果你点击下方描述栏中的我的链接，那么你可以获得 20 欧元或 25 欧元的押金折扣。你还在等什么？

Let me know how you get on. All right, let's get started with the lesson.

请告诉我你的进展情况。好吧，我们开始上课。

Firstly, let's take a look at direct speech. The speech is, I like chocolate.

首先，让我们看一下直接引语。这句话是，我喜欢巧克力。

Then we have to follow a couple of simple rules. Number one, we have to add a reporting verb.

然后我们必须遵循一些简单的规则。第一，我们必须添加一个转述动词。

Number two, and this one's really important. We have to backshift our tenses by one.

第二，这个非常重要我们必须将我们的时态向后移动一步。

And number three, we have to change the pronouns. This sounds very...very complicated.

第三，我们必须改变代词。这听起来非常，非常复杂。

Let's put it into practise. It's easier to see it.

我们来练习一下吧。看的话会更简单。

If we want to change that into reported speech, she said that she liked chocolate. We've added the reporting verb, she said, we've back shifted our tense, like, liked and we've changed the pronouns, I has gone to she.

如果我们想把它改成间接引语，她说他喜欢巧克力。我们添加了转述动词，她说，我们改变了时态，like 变成了 liked，并且我们改变了代词，我变成了她。

The most common reporting verbs are to say and to tell, which are conjugated to said and told. Remember to always include your reporting verbs when using reported speech.

最常见的转述动词是说和告诉，它们会变成 said 和 told。记住在使用间接引语的时候始终带上转述动词。

A couple more examples. She said that she loved the movie.

再来一些例子。她说她喜欢这部电影。

That here is optional. She said she loved the movie.

这里的 that 是可要可不要的。她说她喜欢这部电影。

She said that she loved the movie. You can use whichever you'd like.

她说她喜欢这部电影。你可以按照自己的想法使用。

They said they ate breakfast. They said that they ate breakfast.

他们说他们吃了早餐。他们说他们吃了早餐。

We can also use the structure to say to someone, Robert said to his teacher that he finished the assignment. Robert said to his teacher that he had finished the assignment or Alison said to her mother that she was feeling ill.

我们也可以用这个结构对某人说，罗伯特对他的老师说他完成了作业。罗伯特对他的老师说他已经完成了作业，或艾莉森对她的母亲说她感到不舒服。

When we use tell, we must always remember to add in the person we're reporting to. We use the structure tell plus who we're reporting to.

在我们使用告诉时，我们必须始终记住添加我们要转述的对象。我们使用这个结构：告诉加上我们要转述的对象。向

She told me that she loved the movie. They told us that they had eaten breakfast.

她告诉我她喜欢这部电影。他们告诉我们他们已经吃过早餐。

So let's talk about that backshift in tenses. When we use reported speech, we're changing the perspective.

所以让我们谈谈时态倒退。当我们使用间接引语时，我们要改变视角。

English has 12 basic tenses that can be broken down into three groups, the past, the present and the future. It might sound like a lot of changes, but I've created a list for you.

英语有 12 种基本时态，可以分为三组，过去、现在和未来。听起来可能有很多变化，但我已经为你们创建了一个列表。

You can download the PDF and keep that list with you. I've also got it on screen now.

你可以下载 PDF 并将该列表随身携带。我现在在屏幕上也显示了这个列表。

Focus now on the past perfect and the past perfect continuous. You will see that there are no changes.

请注意过去完成时和过去完成进行时。你会看到没有变化。

This is because we can't really go any further back in the past. I had been doing my homework.

这是因为我们真的无法再往回退了。我一直在做作业。

Lucy said that she had been doing her homework, no change to the tense. The future tenses are also really easy.

露西说她一直在做作业，时态没有改变。未来时态也很容易。

They all use will, and they simply changes to would. I will be going to university next year.

它们都使用 will，都会变成 would。我明年要上大学。

Lucy said that she would be going to university next year. I think those six tenses are a gift from the grammar gods.

Lucy 说她明年要上大学。我认为这六个时态是语法之神的礼物。

You just have to focus on the first six. I'm going to give you some examples in direct speech and I want you to change them into reported speech.

你只需要专注于前六个。我会给你一些使用直接引语的示例，我希望你们将它们变成间接引语。

I'm going to give you a few seconds, but feel free to pause the video. And let's look at the present simple to past simple.

我将给你们几秒钟，但你可以随时暂停视频。让我们看一下一般现在时变成一般过去时。

For all of these, I'm going to say I, and you have to change it to Lucy said that she. So the first one, I want to buy a car.

对于所有这些例子我要说我，而你必须把它变成 Lucy 说她。所以第一个，我想买车。 =xqy=

You need to start it with Lucy said that she. I'll give you a few seconds.

你用“Lucy 说她”开头。我会给你几秒钟。

Lucy said that she wanted to buy a car, present simple to past simple. Let's try it present continuous to past continuous.

Lucy 说她想买车。一般现在时变成一般过去时。让我们试试现在进行时变成过去进行时。

I am doing my homework. I'll give you a couple of seconds.

我正在做作业。我会给你几秒钟。

Lucy said that she was doing her homework. What about present perfect to past perfect?

Lucy 说她在做作业。那么现在完成时变成过去完成时呢？ ~xyq~

I have finished my homework. Lucy said that she had finished her homework, past simple to past perfect.

我已经完成了我的作业。Lucy 说她已经完成了她的作业，一般过去时变成过去完成时。

I washed the dishes. Lucy said that she had washed the dished.

我洗了碗碟。Lucy 说她已经洗过碗碟了。

Those are the hard ones. Let's try a couple with will and would.

那些是比较难的。我们来试一些 will 和 would 的例句。

I will call you later. Lucy said that she would call you later.

我稍后会打电话给你。Lucy 说她稍后会打电话给你。

Now as always with English, there are some exceptions. With reported speech, we usually don't change the tense if the information is current and ongoing, like a habit.

那么在英语中总是会有一些例外情况。如果信息是表示的是当前的且正在进行的，例如某个习惯，那么在间接引语中我们不会改变时态。

I love my parents. Lucy said that she loves her parents.

我爱我的父母。Lucy 说她爱她的父母。

I still love my parents, it's ongoing. So we might keep it in the present tense.

我仍然爱我的父母，它是持续的。所以我们还是保持为现在时态。

Right, that is it for your introduction to reported speech. Now it's time to review everything you've learned and put it into practise.

好的，以上就是对间接引语的介绍。现在该复习你所学的一切并练习了。

I have got some exercises for you on the PDF. Just click on the link in the description box and sign up to my mailing list.

我在 PDF 上为你准备了一些练习。只需单击描述栏中的链接并注册我的邮件列表。

If you're interested in taking my pronunciation course, you can click on the link in the description box. I teach British English pronunciation, the modern RP accent, that is my accent.

如果你有兴趣参加我的发音课程，你可以单击描述栏中的链接。我教英国英语发音现代，我的口音是现代标准口音。

And you can get 10% off if you use the code, YouTube10 at checkout. Don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media.

如果你在结帐时使用代码 YouTube10，那么你可以获得 10% 的折扣。不要忘记在我所有的社交媒体上与我联系。

I've got my Instagram and I've got my personal channel where I upload vlogs of our life here in the English countryside. And all of the vlogs are fully subtitled so you can use them for listening practise and you can use them to acquire that much needed vocabulary in context.

我有 Instagram 和我的个人频道，在那里我上传我们在英国乡村生活的视频博客。所有视频博客都有完整的字幕，所以你可以用它们来练习听力，你可以用它们在语境中获得需要的词汇。

I've also got my website Englishwithlucy. co. uk, where I've got a fab pronunciation tool and lots of my previous lessons. I will see you soon for another lesson.

我还有我的网站 Englishwithlucy. co. uk，在那里我有一个发音工具，还有我之前的很多课程。我们下节课再见。