1． be doing/ be about to do/ had done…， when…（when：这时， 强调一个动作的突然发生）1）． I was walking along the river， when I heard a drowning boy cry for help．

2）． I was about to leave when it began to rain．

3）． I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang， announcing the exam was over．

2． It was （not ） + 时间段+before +一般过去时 过了一段时间就……．．

It will （not ）be+ 时间段+before +一般现在时 要过一段时间才会…

It is/ has been +时间段+ since…．．

It was +点时间+ when…．．

It was +时间状语+ that …．．（强调句）

1）． It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position．不久他就意识到他处境危险

2）． It will be half a year before you graduate from the school． 还有半年你才从这个学校毕业

3）． It is 3 years since he worked here．=he left here．（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）

4）． It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone．

5）It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone．

3． once…．．一旦…．．， 表示时间和条件

1）Once you understand what the teacher explained， you will have no difficulty doingthe work．

2）． Once you have decided to do something， you should finish it and do it well．

4． The +比较级……．，the +比较级……．．越……， 越……

1） The more books you read， the more knowledge you will get．

2）The busier he is， the happier he feels．

5． as if/ as though…．．（表示与事实相反，用虚拟；若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事实，则用陈述语气）

1）． He was in great trouble， but he acted as if nothing had happened．

2）． Although they just met for the first time， they talked as if they had beenfriends for many years

3）． The clouds are gathering． It looks as if it is going to rain．

6． n． /adj． / adv． / v． + as / though +主语+谓语， 尽管……，……．引导让步状语从句

1）．Child as he is，I already know what career I want to follow．

2）． Try as he might， he couldn’t solve the problem．

3）． Much as I respect him， I can’t agree withhis idea．

7． whether…．or…． 无论是…．还是…．

1）． Whether the weather is good or bad， they will set off as they planned．

2）． Any person，whether young or old， has his own worth．

8．疑问词+ever = nomatter +疑问词， 引导让步状语从句或名词性从句

1）． Whichever（=No matter which） you like， you can take it away ．（ 让步状语从句）

You can take away whichever（=anyone that） you like （ 名词性从句）

2）． Whenever you comes， you will be welcome． （ 让步状语从句）

3）． Whatever happens， I will support you． （ 让步状语从句）

4）． Whoever breaks the law， he will certainly be punished．（ 让步状语从句）

Whoever breaks the law will certainly be punished． （ 名词性从句）

5）． However great the difficulty is， we can overcome it． （ 让步状语从句）

9． as long as/so long as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposingthat/on condition that 假如…．．

1）． I will lend you money on condition that you can return it within 3months．

10． in case that/ in case of…．． 万一…．．， 以防…．．

1）． In case of fire， please dial 119 at once．

2）． In case that John comes/ John should come， tell him to wait．

11．祈使句+or/otherwise +结果句 或 祈使句+ and +结果句

1）． Stop doing such foolish thing， or you will be punished in time．

2）． More effort，and the problem would have been settled．

3）． Think it over，and you will find the answer．

12． so/ such……．．that……．引导结果状语从句时须注意

当名词前many，much， little， few有修饰时， 用so不用such因为此时的中心词不再是名词，而是many，much， little， few这些表示数量的词。

1）． The westerners eat so much fat and sugarthat they put on weighteasily．

2）． There are so few fish in the lake that wecouldn’t fish them easily．

当名词是单数可数名词，前面又由adj．修饰时，注意冠词的位置，即so+ adj +a（n）+n或such+ a（n）+ adj．+ n

1）． He is such an honest person/ so honest a person that you can dependon him when you are in trouble．

当so/such引导的部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构

1）． Such great progress has he made in hisstudies that we all admirehim．

当主从句主语一致时可与动词不定式相互转换，即变成so/such……．as to do结构。

1）．The westerners eat so much fat and sugar asto put on weight easily．

13． so that 引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句

so that引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用（= in order that），当主从句主语一致时可转换为so as to do/ in order to do．

1）． He turned up the radio a little so that hecould hear the newsclearly．

He turned up the radio a little so as to hear thenews clearly．

2）． He closed all the windows while driving so that he shouldn’t catch cold．（否定句中情态动词用shouldn’t）

so that 引导结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用

1）． He turned up the radio a little so that he heard the news clearly．

14．can never/ can’t 与too， too much， enough， over- 搭配表示“无论怎样…．都不过分”

1）． While you are doing your homework， you can’t be carefulenough．

2）． He is such a great man that we can’tpraise him too much．

3）． William Hartley was handsome， determined and hardworking， in a word，I couldn’t speak too highly of him．

4）． The development of society has made itnecessary for us to have agood knowledge of English， so we can’t over emphasize the importance of learning English．

5）． Since it is a good thing， we can’t do it too soon．

15．不定式作主语，it作形势主语：

It+系动词+adj．/ n．．+ for sb． to do

It+系动词+adj．+ of sb． to do

1）． It’s importantfor us to have a goodknowledge of English．

2）． How rude of him to treat a child like that!

3）． It’s thoughtfulof him to fix us up for thenight．

16．不定式作宾语，it作形势宾语：

主语+think/ consider/believe/make/feel+ it +adj．/n． +for sb．/ of sb． +to do

1）． I feel it foolish of him to believe such a man．

2）． The timely rain had made it possible for the crops to grow well．

17． won’t/ can’t have sb． doing/ done 不能容忍某行为发生

1）． You are too rude， and I won’t have you speaking to Mother like thatagain．

2）． We can’t have anything done against theschool rules．

18． It is said/ thought/ hoped/believed…．．that……

Sb． is said/ thought/ hoped/believedto do…．．

1）． It is said that he is studying abroad．--> He is said to be studying abroad．

2）．It is considered that many countries highlyvalue China’srole in helping world’s peace．

Many countries is considered to highly value China’s role in helping world’speace．

19．every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ any time “每当…．．， 每次…．．，下次…．．”

1）． Every time you meet with new words whilereading， don’t always refer to yourdictionary．

When you meet with new words every time…．．

2） Next time you come ， do remember to bring your son here．

3） You are welcome to come back any time youwant to．

20． There is （no） need to do…．．/ for …．-àIt is（ not ）necessary for sb． to do…．

Thereis（ no ）hope/ chance / possibility of doing…．

There is（ no ）difficulty/ trouble/ point/ delay（ in ）doing

1）． Is there any chance of us/ our winning thematch?

2）． There is no point in discussing the problemagain．

21． It is time to do/ It is time that +主语+动词的一般过去式 该是做…．．的时候了

It is time that we ended the discussion．

22． it 强调句： It is/ was +被强调部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分

I met him in the street yesterday afternoon．

Itwas I who/ that met him in the street yesterday afternoon．

Itwashim who/ that I met in the street yesterday afternoon．

Itwasin the street that I met him yesterday afternoon．

Itwasyesterday afternoon that I met him in the street

强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it +被强调部分+ who/that+原句剩余部分

强调句的特殊疑问句：What/When/ Where/ Who/ How……is/was it + who/ that+原句剩余部分

1）． Who was it that/ who you met in the streetyesterday afternoon?

Tell mewho it was that/ who you met in the street yesterday afternoon?

23．There be 句型：

1）． There are two books and a pen on the desk．

2）． There seems/ appears to be much hope of ourteam winning the match．

3）． There happened to be nobody in the room whenI came in．

4）． There have been great changes in my hometownsince 1978．

5）． There used to be a bus station at the cornerof the street．

6）． There are likely to be more difficultiesthan expected while we arecarrying out the plan．

24． not/ never ……． until 直到…．．才

1）． The villagers didn’t realize how serious thepollution was until all the fish died inthe river．

2） Notuntil all the fish diedin the river did the villagers realize how serious thepollution was．（倒装句）

25． not only…．． but （also）…．．

1）． Not only the teacher but also the studentshave their eyes examinedregularly．

Not onlythe students but also the teacher has his eyes examinedregularly．

2）． They suggested we should not only attend theparty， but give a performance．

Theysuggested we should give a performance as well as attend the party

Notonly…．． but （also）…．．引导并列句时，not only引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装

1）．Not only was everything he had taken away，but also his German citizenship wastaken away．

2）．Not only should we students study hard，but also we should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time．

26． prefer to do A rather than do B…（两者相比）愿意干A而不愿意干B

== would rather do A than do B

1）． I prefer to stay at home rather than go tothe park in such weather．

2）． Rather than ride on a crowded bus， he always prefer to ride a bicycle．

27．倍数表达法：

A + 谓语+倍数+the+n．（size/ height/ length……）+of B

A + 谓语+倍数+as+ abj． + as B

A + 谓语+倍数+adj． 比较级+than Bà A + 谓语+adj． 比较级+than B+by+倍数

1）．This square is twice the size of that one．

This square is twice as large as that one．

This square is once larger than that one．

2）．This factory produced three times as many cars as they did 10 yearsago．

3）．He is 3 years older than I-à He is older than I by 3 years

28． sb． spend money/ timeon sth． spend time/money in doing sth

sb． pay money （to sb） for sth．

sth． cost sb． money/ time

It takes sb． some time to do sth．

1）． The time he spends watching TV is as much ashe doesdoing his homework．

2）． The mp3．for which he paid only ￥150proved to be useful．

3）． The naughty boy cost his mother many sleeplessnights．

29． 当all， each， both， every词语否定词连用时，为部分否定，“并非都…．”

1）． Not all of them went to the party last night．--> All of themdidn’t go to the partylast night．

2）． Both of the answers are not right．（=Only one of thetwo answers is right．）

3）． We couldn’t eat in the restaurant， because ___ of ushad ____ money．

A． all，no B． all，any C．none ， any D． none，no 答案：C

30．as/ with表示“随……进展”，as 后面接句子，with后面接短语

1）． With the industrydeveloping， the pollution is becoming more and moreserious．

As the industrydevelops， thepollution is becoming moreand more serious．

31．Only if 与If only Onlyif=if， 引导条件状语从句

1）． ---Only if I lend youahand? ---I’m sure I can finish it on time．

If only= How I wish…．， 引导的句子用虚拟语气，表示难以实现的愿望

If only= How I wish 主语+情态动词+V．（谓语动词的动作在wish之后进行）

主语+动词的一般过去式（谓语动词的动作与wish同时进行）

主语+had done（谓语动词的动作在wish之前进行）

1）． If only we didn’t haveso many examines!

2）． If only he could cometomorrow!

3）． If only I hadn’t madeso many mistakes !

3）． He couldn’t work out asingle problem whenhe was in the exam． hall． How hewished he knew all the answer!

He couldn’t work out a single problem when hewas in the exam． hall．How he wished he had studied hard before!

32． with 的复合结构（作状语或作定语）

l with+ n． +n． （with可以省略）

1）． The workforce is madeup of 400 workers， （with ）most of them women．（=most ofwhom are women．/ and most of them are women．）

l with+ n． +adj． （with可以省略）

1）．（With）the streetwet and slippery，we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully．

Becausethe street were wet and slippery，………．

2）． The students werelistening to the teacher， （with）theireyes wide open．

à Thestudents were listening to the teacher，and theireyes were wide open．

l with+ n． +adv． （with可以省略）

1）． He put on his coathurriedly， （with）the wrong side out

l with+ n． +prep-phrase （with可以省略）

1）． The old man was seated in thesofa， （with）a pipe in his mouth．（Also: pipein mouth）

l with+ n．+ to do/ to be done （动词不定式的动作还未进行）

with+ n．+ doing/ being done （动词不定式的动作正在进行）

with+ n．+done （动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n． 所处的状态）

1）． With so many problems tosettle， the newly-elected president is having a hardyear．

2）． He was lying in bed， with hiseyes fixed on the ceiling

3）． With the temple beingrepaired， we can’t visited it．

33． 方位状语位于句首时的倒装句

1）． In front of the housestopped a police car．

2）．Under the tree sat aboy， with a bookin his hand．

34． 具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装。常用的此有：little， never， seldom，hardly， rarely， no sooner，in no time， by no means， in no case 等看完了别忘记点击“分享到朋友圈”哦，关注奇速英语微信公众号“qisuen”或腾讯认证主编QQ757722345，每天3-5篇免费资源更新。奇速英语，助你更快成功！

1）． Not a single mistakedid he make in the exam．

2）． In no time did the manrealize what washappening．

3）．In no case can you tellhim the truth．

4）． Hardly had the train leftwhen he rememberedhe had left his suitcase on it．

No sooner had the train left than he rememberedhe had left his suitcase on it．

35．the moment， the minute， immediately， directly， on doing…表示“一…．就”

1）． On arriving （hisarrival ）at theairport， he was surrounded by the reporters ．

2）． ---Have you give Johnthe book? ---Yes， the moment I saw him．

36． rather than

1）．It is better to ask forhelp at the beginningrather than to wait until a busy period when everyone isrushed off their feet．

2）．It is the boss who isto blame rather thanthe workers．

37． while/ but ：while侧重两者之间的对比，but 多指一件事的两个对立面。

1）． He likes listening tomusic while I likewatching TV．

2）． I badly wanted thatbook， but I haven’t enough money．

38． only to do 作结果状语，多用来表示出人意料、结局令人沮丧的结果。动词多是终结性的词，如：find，learn， to be told， to becaught等

1）． His father disappeared， never toheard from again．

2）． He hurried to hisoffice， only to be told that he was dismissed．

39． of +n． 表示某物具备某种性质或特征

1）． New Zealand wine is ofhigh qualityand is sold all over the world．

2）． They are of the same height．

3）． Coins are of differentsizes， weights，shapes and of different metals．

4）． Sports and games areof great value forchildren’s study．

40．only +状语的结构放在句首，主句要部分倒装

1）． Only in that way couldI learn English well．

2）． Only then did I remember itwas my birthday today．

41． What do you thinkof……? （这三个句式用来询问某人对某个事物的评价或看法，

How do youfind……? 其回答应该是评价性的话语）

How do you like…．．?

1）． ---How do you find thefilm last night?

---I have never seen a worse one before．

41． What is/was………like? 用来询问人或事物的特征或本质

1）． ---What is your motherlike?

---She is a very nice person．/She is verybeautiful．/ She looks like her father．

2）． ---What is the weathergoing to be thisweekend?

---It is going to be fine．

42．虚拟语气中的重点句型

1）． I don’t have acellphone． If I had one ，it would be convenient for me to contractothers．

1）． If I had gone to theconcert， I would have seen the famous singer．

1）． If I were not to take/should take/ took theexam tomorrow， I would go shoppingwith you．

1）． Should he act likethat again， he would be fined．=If heshould act like that again， ……

Were he to act like that again，he would befined．=If he were to act like that again， ……

2）． Had the doctor come intime last night， the boy would have been saved．

3）． If I had time now， I would goto the film with you． （不可以倒装，因为句中的had不是助动词）

l But for…．--> If it were notfor…．．/ If it hadn’t been for

1）． But for the determinedcaptain， all the passengers on board wouldn’t havebeen saved．

If ithadn’t been for the determined captain，all thepassengers on board……

2）． But for your richparents， you wouldn’t live such a easy life．

If itwere not for your rich parents，you wouldn’tlive such a easy life．

l 再suggest， insist，demand， require， request，order， advise， propose等表示建议、要求、命令、主张的动词引导的名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用（should ）do的形式

1）． Mother insisted thatJohn （should）go to bed before 9 o’olock．

对比：He insisted that I had taken awayhis dictionary．（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）

2）． His suggestion thatTony （should）be invited to the party was refused．

对比：His words suggestedthat he wasvery angry with me．（不是建议、要求、命令）

43．替代句型：英语中为了避免重复，在比较从句中常用一些替代词来代替前文出现过的词。

用助动词代替主句中的有关动词：

1）． I earn more than I didin the past．

2）． John spends as muchtime watching TV as hedoes writing．

3）． China is no longerwhat it was/used to be．

代词代替前文出现过的有关名词：

that 代替指物的单数可数名词或抽象不可数名词，一般是特指的

those 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是特指的=the ones

one 代替指人或指物的单数可数名词，一般是泛指的

ones 代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是泛指的

1）． The output of coalthis year is twice asmuch as that of last year．

2）． The students in this classare more activethan those in that one．

3）． A bridge made of steelis stronger than onemade of stones．

4）． Small bananas usuallytaste better thanbigger ones．

附：

1． 表示比较和对照关系的句型：

1）A is to B what/ as C isto D（A之于B犹如C之于D）．

2）A and B have sth incommon．/ A is similar to B． / A is just the opposite （to B）

3）The same is true of…， （……也是如此）．

4）The advantages of A aremuch greater than B．/Compared with B， A has many

advantages． / The advantagesoutweigh the disadvantages（利大于弊）．

5）Wonderful as A is， however， ithas its own disadvantages too．

6） ．．．varies from person toperson（……是因人而异的）

7）A differs from B in ……（A不同于B在于……）

2． 描写图表和数据的句型

1）The number is ．．．times asmuch as that of ．．．

2）The figure has nearlydoubled，as against that of last year．

3）By comparison with ．．．， itdecreased/increased/fell from．．．to．．．

4） ．．．rise rapidly（slowly） / ．．．reach．．．

3． 图表作文中的过渡、概括句型：

1）As can be indicated inthe table， ．．． / As is revealed in the table，．．．/ Asthesurvey results show，．．．/ As is shown by the graph， ．．．/ This chartshows that ．．．

2）According to thefigures given in the table， ．．．

3）It can be seen from thechart that ．．．

4． 说明原因的句型:

1）There are some/two/manygood reasons for．．．/todo．．．

2） We have two goodreasons for．．．

3）The reason for ．．． is that + 从句

4）There are severalcauses for this significant growth in．．． First．．．

5）A number of factorscould account for the ．．．．

6）Therefore，/As a result，/For thisreason，/Because of this，/Consequently，the prices are higher．

5． 表示不同看法的句型:

1）Different peoplehave/hold different opinions/views on thequestion/problem/matter．

Some believe that ．．．; Othersargue that ．．． :Still others maintain that ．．．

2）They are quitedifferent from each other in their opinions．

3）They think quitedifferently on this question．

4）Opinions vary fromindividual to individual，from culture to culture．

6． 表示必须，紧急，有困难做某事的句型:

1）It is important （necessary， urgent，difficult， easy， convenient，comfortable， expensive， desirable，advisable） for sb．to do sth．

2） ．．．havetrouble/difficulty/a hard time/adifficult time （in）doing sth． （有困难做某事）

7． 用于文章结尾的句型：

1）From what has beendiscussed above/taking into account all these factors， we maysafely arrive at/draw/come to/reachthe conclusion that ．．．

2）It is high time that weput considerable/great/special emphasis on ．．．

3）There is no immediatesolution to the problem of．．．，but．．． might behelpful/beneficial．

4）There is nodoubt/denying that ．．．

5）As far as ．．． beconcerned， I believe/think that ．．．

6）In conclusion，．．． / In myopinion，I am in favor of ．．．/ Personally， I prefer to．．．

7）In short，．．． shouldlearn to．．．; Only in this way can the most difficult problems besolved properly．

8． 常用谚语 （在议论文中）:

1）As a proverb says， “Everythinghas two sides”． On the one hand， physical exercise is good for your health． On the otherhand， if you don’t deal with it properly， it will do harm toyour health． So we should look at the matter from twosides．

3）As a proverb says， “Where thereis a will there is a way．” （有志者事竟成）

4）As a popular sayinggoes，“A man is known by the company he keeps．”（观其交友，知其为人）

5）As is known to all， “No pains， no gains”．（没有苦，就没有甜）

1． It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型

She had said what it was necessary to say.

2． 强调句型

It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.

3． "All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"（very+形容词）

He was all gentleness to her.

4． 利用词汇重复表示强调

A crime is a crime a crime.

5． "something（much）of"和"nothing（little）of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似。"

They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.

6．同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲"。

Those pigs of girls eat so much.

7． as…as…can（may）be

It is as plain as plain can be.

8． "It is in（with）…as in（with）"

It is in life as in a journey.

9． "as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。

The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.

10．"many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"might as well …as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。

One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.

11．"to make…of"的译法（使……成为……，把……当作）

I will make a scientist of my son.

12． oo…+不定式"，not（never）too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式

She is too angry to speak.

13． only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"too ready（apt） +to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。

You know but too yell to hold your tongue.

14． "no more …than…"句型

A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.

15． "not so much…as"和"not so much as …"结构，"not so much…as"="not so much as …"，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为："与其说是……毋须说是……"。而"not so much as"="without（not）even，"可译为"甚至……还没有"。

The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .

16． "Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构，"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思，"Nothing I"可换用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可译为"没有……比……更为"，"像……再没有了"，"最……"等。

Nothing is more precious than time.

17． "cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者，即"无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可换用"enough"，"sufficient"等

You cannot be too careful.

18． "否定+but "结构，在否定词后面的"but"，具有"which not"，"who not"，"that not"，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等

Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.

19． "否定+until (till)"结构，在否定词"no"，"not"，"never"，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till"，多数情况下译为"直到……才……"，"要……才……"，把否定译为肯定。

Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.

20． "not so…but"和"not such a …but"结构，这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度"，"并不是……不……"，"无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。

He is not so sick but he can come to school.

21． "疑问词+should…but "结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为"none…but"，可译为"除了……还有谁会……"，"岂料"，"想不到……竟是……"等。

Who should write it but himself?

22． "who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有时也可直译。

Who knows but (that) he may go?

23． "祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构，"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…"，"祈使名+or"表示"if…not…，you。

Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.

24． "名词+and"结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。

A word, and he would lose his temper.

25． "as…,so…"结构，这里的"so"的意思是"in the same way"（也是如此）。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。

As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.

26． "if any"结构，"if any"和"if ever"，意思是"果真有……"，"即使有……"，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有："if anything"（如有不同的话，如果稍有区别），"if a day"（=at least，至少）。

There is little, if any, hope.

27． "be it ever(never)so"和"let it be ever(never)so"结构，这里，"be it"中的"be"是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用"let it be"。"ever so"和"never so"都表示同一意思，都表示"very"。

Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.

28． "the last+不定式"和"the last +定语从词"结构，这种结构中的"last"意思是"the least likely"，用于否定性推论。可译为"最不大可能的"，"最不合适的"，由原意的"最后一个……"变成"最不可能……的一个"。

He is the last man to accept a bride.

29． "so…that…"句型，这个句型的意思是"如此……，以致于……"，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成"如此……以致于……"，而是变通表达其含义。

He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.

30． "more + than+原级形容词（副词）"结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的"more"有"rather"的意思。

It is more than probable that he will fall.

31． "more than +动词"结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为"异常"，"岂止"，"十二分地"等。

This more than satisfied me.

32． "good and …"的副词用法，译为"非常"，"很"等。类似还有"nice and …", "fine and …," "lovely and …", "bright and …", "rare and …", "big and …"等，均表示程度。

The apples are good and ripe.

33． "and that"结构，这个"and that"应译为"而且……"，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，"that"代表前面的整个陈述部分。

Return to your work , and that at once.

34． "at once…and"结构，这个结构译为"既……又……"，起相关连接的作用，相当于"both…and…"。

The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.

35． "in that…"结构，这个结构的意思是"在那一点上（方面）"，可译为"因为"。类似的结构还有"in this…"。

The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.

36． "the name notwithstanding"结构，这个结构中"notwithstanding"是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成："notwithstanding the name"。起让步状语的作用。

Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.

37． "Every…not"和"All…not"结构，"Every…not"表示"不见得每个……都是……"；"All…not"表示"不见得所有……都是……"的意思。

Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.

38． "may as well not…as"结构，此结构可译为"与其……不如不……"。

One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.

39． "have only to …do"结构，此结构表示"只须（消）……就能……"的意思。

We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.

40． "not (no) …unless…"句型

No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.

41． "better…than…"句型

Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.

42． "as it were"是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是"好象"，"可以说"等。

Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.

43． 复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。

Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.

44． "not…any more than…"为："不能……，正如不能……"。

One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.

45． "By that as it may"是"Let it be that as it may"的省略形式，是由"be"引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是"虽然如此，尽管这样"。

It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.

46． "if at all"是一个由"if"引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为"即将……"，"即使……"等。

I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.

47． 由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.

There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.

48． "range from …to…"结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。

Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.

49． "the way…"结构

I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.

50． 复杂宾补结构

In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.

51． 某些分隔结构

1） 动词短语相关部分被分隔（当"make use of "，"take notice of"，"pay attention to"，

等动词短语变成被动语态时）。

Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.

2）双重定语引起的分隔。

But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.

52． "to be doing…when…"是一个句型，多译为"某人正在做……时，突然……"。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。

She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 o'clock, when a "very big, very tall man", accosted them and demanded their purses.

53． "too…to"句型

Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.

54． "so much that…"句型

But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.

55． "when"引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为"当……的时候"，它还有许多种译法。

Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.

56． "not…because…"，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。

In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.

57． "so…that, such…that"是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。

The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.

58． "by doing…"结构。这个结构的意思是"通过（做）……"，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。

The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.

59．下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。

No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.

60． "what…of"句型

I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.

61．英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think（believe）时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。

It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.

62． "to have not…(as) to see…"中的不定式也有否定意味。

He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.

63． "It occurred to sb. that…"意为"突然想到"，"It dawned on sb.that…"."突然想起"等。 从句是想起的内容。

I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger. He suddenly looked back at me-i.e.our eyes met. My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze. It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.

64． "It follows that…"="It happens as a result…"常常被译为"由此可见"，"因此"，"从前"，"可以推断"等等。

It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist.

65． "that's all there is to it "，意思是"也不过如此而已"。可根据上下文视情况处理。

If I'm touched, I'm touched-that's all there is to it.

66． "The chances are that…"是一句型，译为"有可能……"。

The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger.

67． Feel, see, leave引起宾语的宾语补足语，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型，有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。

The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.

68． 某此以no, nowhere, never, not…bout, not…any, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构。

I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance.

69． 某些用choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided(或done better)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法

Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of libing.

70． 某些省略情况，应清单确认省略的内容。

The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it.

71． 修饰成分（包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等）多而长。

Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makes a tart reply.

72．一些外位语，所谓外位修饰，指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。

一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。

二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V

Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. （再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。）

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）

例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）

例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的...）

例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的优点是...）

例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create (produce) any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...）

例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）

例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V

~~~（愈...愈...）

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.

你愈努力，你愈进步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。

十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借着...，..能够..）

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （..使..能够..）

例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ （我们绝对不能...）

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是...的时候了）

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Those who ~~~ （...的人...）

例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

十七、There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不...）

例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.

没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不...）

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to

give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的）

It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的）

It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的）

例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、That is the reason why ~~~ （那就是...的原因）

例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don‘t like it.

夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式...（过去...年来，...一直...）

例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.

过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）

例句：It pays to help others.

帮助别人是值得的。

二十四、be based on （以...为基础）

例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 （让...明白...事）

例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

二十七、be closely related to ~~ （与...息息相关）

例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.

做运动与健康息息相关。

二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V （养成...的习惯）

We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ （因为...）

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.

因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...！）

例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

遵守诺言是多么重要的事！

三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不满意）

例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ （对...有很大的影响）

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

三十三、do good to （对...有益），do harm to （对...有害）

例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。

Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。

三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ （对...造成一大威胁）

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

三十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one‘s best （尽全力去...）

例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

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