Tomcat是Apache软件基金会的Jakarta项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成.由于有了Sun的参与和支持,最新的Servlet和JSP规范总是能在Tomcat中得到体现,因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web应用服务器.

Tomcat环境搭建

1.由于Tomcat使用Java开发,所以应该下载并安装JDK.

[root@localhost ~]# wget [root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf jdk-*.tar.gz -C /usr/local/[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk-*/ /usr/local/jdk

2.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容,保证下次开机配置好Java环境.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile#------------------------------------------------------------------#Java-JDK-Pathexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdkexport JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk/binexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/binexport CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jarexport JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH#------------------------------------------------------------------[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

3.下载并解压安装Tomcat.

[root@localhost ~]# wget [root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.7.tar.gz -C /usr/local/[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.7/ /usr/local/tomcat

4.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile#------------------------------------------------------------------#Apache-Tomcat-Pathexport TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcatexport PATH=$PATH:$TOMCAT_HOME/bin#------------------------------------------------------------------[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

5.赋予可执行权限,启动Tomcat,并设置成开机自启动.

[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/tomcat/bin/*[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start[root@localhost ~]# echo "/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start" >> /etc/profile

部署静态页面

1.创建一个默认目录,用来保存起始页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/webindex[root@localhost ~]# echo "hello world" > /usr/local/tomcat/webindex/index.html

2.修改tomcat主配置文件,具体只需要修改两处位置即可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml67          Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 808068     -->69     <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"          #将此处端口改为8070                connectionTimeout="20000"71                redirectPort="8443" />72     <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->73     <!--......157         <!-- Access log processes all example.158              Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html159              Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->160         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"161                prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"162                pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />163           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webindex" reloadable="false" />   #添加本行,指定一下配置文件位置164165       </Host>166     </Engine>

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

Java-war包部署

1.将War包拷入到 /usr/local/tomcat/webapps 目录下,并删除 ROOT 缓存目录.

[root@localhost ~]# cp -a *.war  /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/[root@localhost ~]# rm -fr /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/*

2.编辑Tomcat主配置文件,在相应的区域中加入以下标★语句.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml146       </Realm>147 148       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">★   <Context path="" docBase="war包名称.war" debug="0" privileged="true"/>150 151         <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications152              Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->153         <!--154         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

Tomcat虚拟主机基于端口虚拟主机

基于端口的虚拟主机,可以让用户通过端口号,来访问服务器上的资源,在配置虚拟网站时,基于端口的配置方式最为复杂,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上配置多个端口,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个端口.

1.首先在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost1" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost2" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html

2.修改主配置文件,添加在server.xml,中设置两个service组件.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 53   <Service name="Catalina"> 54     <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> 55     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> 56 57     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> 58       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> 59         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> 60       </Realm> 61 62       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> 63 64         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> 65           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1" reloadable="false" /> 66       </Host> 67     </Engine> 68   </Service> 69 70   <Service name="Catalina1"> 71     <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> 72     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> 73 74     <Engine name="Catalina1" defaultHost="localhost"> 75       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> 76         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> 77       </Realm> 78 79       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> 80 81         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> 82           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2" reloadable="false" /> 83       </Host> 84     </Engine> 85   </Service>

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

当服务器无法为每一个网站分配一个独立的IP的时候,可以尝试让Apache自动识别用户请求的域名,从而根据不同的域名请求来传输不同的内容,这里我们为了验证实验要手动搭建一个DNS解析,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上多个域名,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个域名.

1.配置域名与Ip的映射管理,这里你可以配置DNS解析,也可以直接写host文件测试.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6127.0.0.1  www127.0.0.1  www

2.在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost1" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost2" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html

3.修改server.xml主配置文件,修改以下内容即可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 53   <Service name="Catalina"> 54     <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> 55     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> 56 57     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> 58       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> 59         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> 60       </Realm> 61 62       <Host name=";  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> 63         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> 64           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1" reloadable="false" /> 65       </Host> 66       <Host name=";  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> 67         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> 68           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2" reloadable="false" /> 69       </Host> 70 71     </Engine> 72   </Service>

4.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start