Treeview是Tkinter8.5新引入的控件，可以用于实现较为复杂的GUI界面。本文使用一个FileBrowser实例来说明它的用法。

构建主窗口和退出菜单的代码和前一篇文章几乎相同：

root = Tk()root.title('Tkinter Treeview and PanedWindow Demo V1.0')root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)screen_w = root.winfo_screenwidth()screen_h = root.winfo_screenheight()root.maxsize(width=screen_w, height=screen_h)rw = int(screen_w / 2)rh = int(screen_h / 2)root.geometry('{}x{}+{:g}+{:g}'.format(rw, rh, rw / 2, rh / 2))top_menu = Menu(root)root.config(menu=top_menu)file_menu = Menu(top_menu, tearoff=False)top_menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu=file_menu)file_menu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)

构建一个水平方向的PanedWindow控件，grid布局时sticky属性设置为四面填充。

paned_window = PanedWindow(root, orient=HORIZONTAL)paned_window.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='eswn')

构建管理左侧控件的Frame对象：

tree_area = Frame(paned_window)tree_area.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)tree_area.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)paned_window.add(tree_area)

准备Treeview图标文件：

cur_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))pc_image = PhotoImage(file=cur_path + '\\images\\pc.png')drive_image = PhotoImage(file=cur_path + '\\images\\drive.png')folder_image = PhotoImage(file=cur_path + '\\images\\folder.png')file_image = PhotoImage(file=cur_path + '\\images\\file.png')

构建Treeview控件。将show属性指定为'tree'可以消除顶部的标题行。

tree_view = Treeview(tree_area, show='tree', selectmode='browse')tree_view.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')

添加水平和垂直滚动条：

scroll_ty = Scrollbar(tree_area, orient=VERTICAL, command=tree_view.yview)scroll_ty.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=N+S)tree_view['yscrollcommand']=scroll_ty.setscroll_tx = Scrollbar(tree_area, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=tree_view.xview)scroll_tx.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E+W)tree_view['xscrollcommand']=scroll_tx.set

增加根节点及驱动器节点：

pc_node= tree_view.insert('', 'end', text=os.environ.get('COMPUTERNAME'), image=pc_image, open=False)for c in string.ascii_uppercase: disk = c + ':' if os.path.isdir(disk): drive_node = tree_view.insert(pc_node, 'end', text=disk, image=drive_image)

给定节点，获得节点路径的函数：

def node_path(node): path = '' parent = node while parent: node_text = tree_view.item(parent, 'text') if len(path) > 0: path = os.path.join(node_text, path) else: path = node_text parent = tree_view.parent(parent) return path

由于磁盘目录的结构一般都会非常复杂，因此本示例采用以下策略：

展开节点时才会读入下级节点目录结构关闭节点时删除下级节点的目录结构

def open_node(event): focus = tree_view.focus() for node in tree_view.get_children(focus): insert_child_items(node)tree_view.bind('<<TreeviewOpen>>', open_node)def close_node(event): focus = tree_view.focus() for node in tree_view.get_children(focus): children = tree_view.get_children(node) for c in children: tree_view.delete(c)

insert_child_items的实现如下：

def insert_child_items(parent_node): path = node_path(parent_node) if os.path.isdir(path): try: dir_items = os.scandir(path) for item in dir_items: if item.is_dir() and ('.$'.find(item.name[0])<0): tree_view.insert(parent_node, 'end', text=item.name, image=folder_image) except Exception as e: print(e)

增加下级节点的子节点操作以目录为操作对象。这个操作还会排除系统文件和隐藏文件。异常处理的对象是没有访问权限等情况。

构建右侧显示区域：

detail_area = Frame(paned_window)detail_area.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)detail_area.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)paned_window.add(detail_area)

构建列表形式的Treeview：

list_view = Treeview(detail_area)list_view['columns'] = ('#1', '#2', "#3", '#4')list_view.column("#0", width=150, minwidth=150, stretch=YES)list_view.column("#1", width=150, minwidth=150, stretch=YES)list_view.column("#2", width=100, minwidth=100, stretch=YES)list_view.column("#3", width=100, minwidth=100, stretch=NO)list_view.column("#4", width=100, minwidth=50, stretch=YES)list_view.heading("#0", text="Name", anchor=W)list_view.heading("#1", text="Date modified", anchor=W)list_view.heading("#2", text="Type", anchor=W)list_view.heading("#3", text="Size", anchor=W)list_view.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='nsew')

构建Scrollbar和Sizegrip控件：

scroll_fy = Scrollbar(detail_area, orient=VERTICAL, command=list_view.yview)scroll_fy.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=N+S)list_view['yscrollcommand']=scroll_fy.setscroll_fx = Scrollbar(detail_area, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=list_view.xview)scroll_fx.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E+W)list_view['xscrollcommand']=scroll_fx.setSizegrip(detail_area).grid(row=1, column=1)

当左侧Treeview的被选节点发生变化时，获取对应目录中的文件并表示在右侧列表形式的Treeview中。

def select_node(event): children = list_view.get_children('') for c in children: list_view.delete(c) focus = tree_view.focus() path = node_path(focus) if os.path.isdir(path): try: dir_items = os.scandir(path) iid = 0 for item in dir_items: if item.is_file() and ('.$'.find(item.name[0]) < 0): stat_info = os.stat(item.path) m_time = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M", time.localtime(stat_info.st_mtime)) type = ' File' dot_pos = item.name.rfind('.') if dot_pos > 0: type = item.name[dot_pos+1:].upper() + type list_view.insert('', 'end', str(iid), text=item.name, values=(m_time, type, stat_info.st_size)) iid += 1 except Exception as e: print(e)

软件的演示视频如下：

视频加载中...

完整代码可以从以下地址下载：

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