江鸿助手（五十一）——多重均衡博弈和混合策略（2）

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分享兴趣，传播快乐，增长见闻，留下美好。亲爱的您，这里是Learningyard新学苑。今天，小编给大家带来：江鸿助手（五十一）——多重均衡博弈和混合策略（2）。

Share interest, spread happiness, increase knowledge, leave beautiful. Dear, this is Learningyard New Academy. Today, Xiaobian brings to you: Assistant Jiang Hong (51) -- Multiple Equilibrium Games and Mixed Strategies（2）.‍

02

上一期我们学习了夫妻之争的博弈问题，而在经济活动中也有许多与之类似的博弈问题，本期我们就一起了解制式问题。

In the last video we looked at the game problem of couples fighting, and there are many similar game problems in economic activities, so in this video we'll look at the problem of rules.‍

03

电气设备往往有不同的原理或相关技术标准，这些被不同的制式。如果生产相关电气设备的厂商采用相同的制式，那么产品零配件可以相互通用，这对于推广各自的产品和以及在生产经营中进行合作很有帮助。

Electrical equipment often has different principles or related technical standards, and these are different standards. If the manufacturers of related electrical equipment adopt the same standard, then the product parts and accessories can be common to each other, which is helpful for promoting their own products and cooperating in production and operation.‍

04

假设有两个厂商同时计划引进彩电生产线，而彩电有A、B两种制式，这时候两个厂商在选择制式的问题上就存在一个博弈。当两个厂商同采用A制式时，厂商1有1单位好处，厂商2有3单位好处，同时采用B制式时两个厂商都有2单位好处，而制式不同时双方都没有好处。

Suppose there are two manufacturers planning to introduce color TV production line at the same time, and color TV has two kinds of system A and B, at this time, there is a game between the two manufacturers in choosing the system. When two manufacturers adopt the same form A, manufacturer 1 has 1 unit of benefit, manufacturer 2 has 3 units of benefit, and when they adopt the same form B, both manufacturers have 2 units of benefit, but neither of them has any benefit when the system is different.‍

05

与夫妻之争类似，这个博弈也有两个纯策略纳什均衡，分别为“都选择A制式”和“都选择B制式”。从最终的得益情况来看，厂商1更偏向后一个均衡，厂商2则相反，因此博弈的最终结果并没有确定的答案。而如果此博弈采用和夫妻之争博弈相同的分析方法，最终得到类似的结果：两人的期望得益没有任何一个纳什均衡的得益更高。

Similar to the husband and wife battle, there are two pure strategy Nash equilibria in this game, namely "both choose A" and "both choose B". From the perspective of the final benefit, firm 1 prefers the latter equilibrium, while firm 2 does the opposite, so there is no definite answer to the final result of the game. And if this game uses the same analysis as the couples' war game, it ends up with a similar result: the expected benefit for the two is no greater than the benefit for either Nash equilibrium.‍

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所以，两博弈方采取不相互协商，各自独立选择制式的方法是不理想的。而如果他们通过协商，共同决定采用两个纯策略纳什均衡中的某一个，双方的得益都比混合策略均衡的期望得益更高。这个结果证明了在许多经济问题中，不同广商各自为政的行为方式常常是低效率的。

Therefore, it is not ideal for the two game parties to choose the standard independently without mutual consultation. And if they negotiate and decide to adopt one of the two pure strategy Nash equilibria, they both get better off than the mixed strategy equilibrium would expect. This result proves that in many economic problems, the independent behavior of different businessmen is often inefficient.‍

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今天的分享就到这里，如果您对今天的文章有独特的见解，欢迎给我们留言，让我们相约明天，祝您今天过得开心快乐！

Today's share is here, if you have a unique view of today's article, welcome to leave us a message, let us meet tomorrow, I wish you a happy today!‍

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参考文献：《经济博弈论》（第四版）谢识予，复旦大学出版社

图片来源于凡科快图和iThoughts

翻译来源于有道在线翻译

文案--闫庆红

排版--闫庆红

审核--吴金育