2018年高考英语优等生百日闯关突破系列之语法填空五大解题小技巧

高考文理不分言之有理 09-11 276

前言：

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专题1 语法填空（一）——词类复习

方法与知识

优等生基本没有知识的问题，所以优等生的备考冲刺重点在于：1.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；2.精选难度适中的训练题。

名词

命题规律

名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。名词的考查强调语言的情景化，重点考查在特定语境、真实语境中的准确辨析、选择和运用名词的能力。名词短语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。

另外，在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。

名词的考点归纳：

(1)抽象名词具体化：beauty美、美丽（不可数名词） a beauty美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）；experience经验（不可数名词）an experience一次经历（可数名词）；surprise吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词） a surprise令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）；honor荣誉、信誉（不可数名词） an honor一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）；failure失败（不可数名词） a failure/failures失败的人或事（可数名词）等等。

(2)名词短语的固定的搭配：have/gain access to接近，到达；take … into consideration考虑；take advantage of利用；in consequence of 由于 …… 的缘故；put into effect 实行，生效等等。

【考例分析】

1.“Learn through use” is a good piece of ________ (advise) for those who are studying a new language.

【答案与解析】advice　一条建议，此处应用名词形式。

2.I'll stop and take a deep ____.

【答案与解析】考查名词。take a deep breath深呼吸，喘口气。

3.We don’t have to take great pains to control waste, but action and a grateful heart are needed; thank the water that runs through our fingers, and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water ______ (short); [来源:Z*xx*k.Com]

【答案与解析】shortage考查名词。根据句意：为贫穷的因水资源短缺而争斗的阿拉伯国家或非洲国家节约水，此处应填写short的名词形式，故正确词语是shortage。学*科网

4.With the ____________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious.

【答案与解析】随着工业的发展，空气污染变得越来越严重。考查名词：发展：development

5.Air pollution is caused by the following 3_________: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.

【答案与解析】空气污染是由下面的原因造成的。考查名词“原因”reasons

6. If everybody realizes the ___________(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will be solved.

【答案与解析】如果每个人都注意到环境的重要性。考查名词“重要性”：importance

【方法总结】1.介词和动词后面可能缺宾语，这时填名词；2.考查含有名词的固定短语；3.句子缺主语时也可能填名词作主语；4

冠词后面可能填名词；5一定要注意名词的单复数形式。

代词

命题规律

一、代词是每年必考，贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识。考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下，强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词。

二、不定代词是代词中最重要、句法作用也是最为活跃的部分之一。因而，在复习中要注意总结、归纳，特别应熟记一批有特点的例句，以加深印象，更加准确地把握其用法。

三、平时要多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视。

代词高考常考点

（1）人称代词：人称代词作主语一般用主格形式，做宾语用宾格形式，作表语用主格形式，做定语用所有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语，作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。特别注意：①人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。②在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。

（2）反身代词：反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。

（3）指示代词：指示词有this, that, these, those等。注意以下4点：①this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。②指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。③打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。④ this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。

（4）不定代词：①表示两者“都”用both，表示两者“都不”用neither/nor，表示两者中的“任一”用either。②表示多者“都”用all，表示多者“都不”用none，no one, neither, nobody, nothing等表示多者中的“任一”用any。③all单独使用，或者后接一个定语从句，或者前面有物主代词时，意为everything或the only thing(s)。④another或“another＋单数可数名词”泛指“另一个，有一个，再一个”，其复数形式是others或“other＋复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”，有some…others(一些…另一些…)之搭配。the other(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个，常有one…the other(一个…另一个…)的搭配；其复数形式the others或“the other ＋复数名词”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。another还可用于“another＋基数词或few＋复数名词”中，与“数词或some＋more/other ＋复数名词”相当。⑤everything(一切事，最重要的事), everyone =everybody (每个人，所有人); something(某事，重要的人或事物), someone =somebody(某/有人，重要的人); anything(什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物), anyone =anybody(任何人，无论谁，重要的人); nothing(没有东西，什么也没有，不重要的人或事), no one=nobody(没有人，不重要的人)等。它们还与别有词构成很多习语，如for nothing(徒劳，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，等等。

（5）代词 it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法：①代词one和it都可以代替上文中提到的可数名词，但one指代的是与上文中提到的同类物（复数用ones,主格和宾格相同）；而it指代的是上文提到的同一物品（复数用they（主格）和them（宾格）。②one(ones)和that(those)这几个代词都可以代替上文中提到的名词，但使用时应注意：替代不可数名词时用that,或者省略不用名词，或者重复那个名词，但不可用one来代替。替代单数可数名词时用one和that均可，但泛指用one(相当于a/an+名词）；特指时用that（相当于the+名词）。 one(ones)可以有形容词等前置修饰语，也可以有后置修饰语（of短语除外）；而that(those)不能有前置修饰语，它（们）的修饰语只能后置。后跟of短语时，一般只能用that(those)。

【考例分析】

【例1】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult ______ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

【解析】it 作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语to choose……。

【例2】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ______.

【例3】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ______?”

【解析】it 指前面提到的“水(the water)”。

【方法总

结】句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。

形容词和副词

命题规律

形容词与副词主要考查以下几个方面：考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。

另外，在熟练掌握形容词与副词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意一些形容词与副词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。

形容词与副词基本用法：

（1）形容词和副词的辨析

形容词和副词的辨析主要分为两类：一类是给出语境，让学生填出符合这种语境的形容词或副词；另一类是形容词或副词的词形变化。近三年常考的有：

形容词：appropriate；conscious；generous；reasonable；confident；creative；grateful ；important；spare；public；convenient；apparent；unchallenged；vital；available；specific；similar；available；affordable；acceptable；valuable

副词：①hopefully；curiously；occasionally；gradually ②thus；besides；rather；otherwise ③competitively；recently；reasonably ④besides；however；therefore；instead ⑤besides；otherwise；however；altogether ⑥especially；equally；naturally；normally ⑦nevertheless；besides；otherwise；therefore ⑧especially；regularly；particularly；approximately

（2）形容词和副词比较等级

比较等级的常见句型：①两者比较，用“比较级＋ than”表示。②表示“两者之间较……的那个”用“the＋比较级＋n.＋ of the two ＋n.”。③表示“越……，就越……”用“the ＋比较级，the ＋比较级”。④as＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“和……一样”。⑤not as/so＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“不如……”

比较等级前常用的修饰语：a little, a bit,

slightly

，much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。

否定词＋比较级＝最高级：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义。

【考例分析】

【例1】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ______ (sweet).”

【例2】I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day.

【解析】later 指那天晚些时候。

【例3】It might have made it a little ______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.

【解析】harder 句中a little修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。

【方法总结】当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。

介词及介词短语[来源:学科网]

命题规律

一、对介词句法功能的考查：介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、

状语、表语、宾语补足语等；介词有时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。

二、对常用介词的辨析：介词用法多且复杂，相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示，介词更着重与动词、形容词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词；同时对常用的介词要重点进行区别整理。

三、对介词短语搭配的考查：介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用，形成固定搭配，表示各种不同的意思，只要记住这些固定搭配，准确把握词组的语义。

介词与介词短语高考常考点：

（1）常见介词的活用

by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：①over可表位置，意为“在……上方，越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在……(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。②by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等

，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：by and by不久，迟早；by and large大体上；by oneself单独；by the way顺便说说；by far……得多，最…… by chance碰巧；by accident偶然地；by means of借助；by no means绝不，一点也不；by mistake错误地。③with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于”等意思。with还可用来表示原因。④beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。

（2）介词短语的主要类型

高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用：①介词+名词：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；in detail详细地；out of reach够不着；beyond description难以描述地；out of question不成问题；out of the question不可能。②动词+介词：remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)。③形容词+介词：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎；be absorbed in全神贯注于；be enthusiastic about热衷于。④介词短语：apart from除……之外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等

【考例分析】

【例1】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman ______ the trouble.

【解析】for reward sb. for sth. 表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”。

【例2】He did so the next day. He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day.

【例3】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ______ table having supper.

【解析】at at table表示“在进餐”，是习惯搭配。

【方法总结】当“……（+限定词）+名词”或“……+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。

体验高考

1.【2017·新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (

remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have

too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会收到损害。

61. as 考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“做为，以...身份”，故填as。

62. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多，故填effects。

63. to process 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物 require表示“要求”， require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。

64. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。

65. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”，句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。

66. worse 考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。

67. is 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。

69. careful 考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语，故填careful。

70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。

【名师点睛】

语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：

一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；

二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；

三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；

四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。

有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词

例如第62题has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease，给出了提示词effect。考生可以从词性变化和单复数两方面考虑，effect可变为形容词effective，变为副词effectively，分析语境可知划线处应该填名词，不需要做词性上的变化。所以考生可以从单复数方面考虑，根据划线处前的some可知应该填名词的复数形式。所以考生可以确定正确答案为effects。

无提示词：考查冠词，介词，连词，代词

例如第70题it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 结合语境可知作者要表达“很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处”的意思。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”，所以填which。

2. 【2017·新课标II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.

Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

【解析】

试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。

61.crowds考查名词，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds.

62.from 考查介词，to and from来回，故填from.

63.laying考查动词，这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying.

64.the考查名词，top是名词，前要用冠词，故填the.

65.were used考查被动语态，根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，故填were used.

67.it考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it.

68.managed 考查动词，本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed.

69.introduction考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction.

70.successful考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful.

【名师点睛】

在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的【小题69】，横线前是冠词the，所以横线上要使用名词introduction。【小题66】，在英语中，副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词fairly作状语修饰形容词pleasant。

词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。

技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。

技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。

技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。

技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。

技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。

考点：考查语法填空

3. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ] 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1.________(attract).

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 2.________(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their

UK ambassador. The title will be 3.________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4.________ my days on a TV show in

the mid1980s, 5.________ I was the first Western TV reporter 6.________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7.________(introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by 8.________ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9.________(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, 10.________ other is with Mum—she never suspects.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”和大熊猫之间的故事。

1．attraction　考查名词。形容词top后面跟名词形式。

2．was allowed　考查时态和语态。根据句意可知，作者是被允许走近这些动物。

3．officially　考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。

4．to　考查介词。固定短语：go back to 回到。

5．when　考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，缺少状语，先行词是时间名词，故填when。

6．permitted　考查过去分词。被修饰名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。

7．introducing　考查现在分词。 include后面用动名词或名词。

8．its　考查代词。这里指代前面的twin，用its。

9．days　考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。

10．the　考查冠词。固定句式：one…the other…“一个……另一个……”。

4.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 1.________ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 2.________ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3.________ (be) often acceptable.

Most of us are more focused 4.________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5.________ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.

Recent 6.________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7.________ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8.________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 9.________ (bring) your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 10.________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了我们在遇到工作压力的时候应该怎样做才能提高效率并减轻工作压力。

1．greater　考查比较级。此处是一种并列关系，结合后面的less importance的形式可知，填其比较级形式。

2．achievement　考查名词。根据空格前面的介词of可知，此处使用名词形式，作介词的宾语。

3．is　考查主谓一致。本句是动名词作主语，因此谓语动词使用单数形式。

5．as　考查连词。此处是一个“as…as possible”的固定结构，因此填as。

6．studies　考查名词。本句的谓语动词是show，故主语应用复数名词studies。

7．regularly　考查副词。修饰动词短语take short breaks使用副词形式。

8．a　考查冠词。此处是一个固定结构for a while，意为“一会儿”。

9．to bring　考查不定式。此处是一个固定词组be likely to do sth “有可能做某事”。

10．make　考查时态。此处是一个祈使句，因此使用动词原形。

模拟新题精选

1. 【四川省

德阳市2018届高三一诊】

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tiger Parents Do No Good to Kids’ Development

Digging through kids’ school bags, looking up all the assignments, sitting beside them going through each item, and finally______41______(have) all the homework checked with a name signed is a ______42______(day) routine for most Chinese parents, as required by teachers. A demanding task especially after a long day’s work at office, isn’t it? ___43___(luck), some parents in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, have been liberated. A local primary school has recently announced that parents will no longer have to sign their names on their kids’ homework, as students should be responsible____44____their own assignments.

Making mistakes is _____45_____essential part of the process of understanding. Who cares how much you___46___ (score) in your homework after you have settled down in life and found your directions? The_____47_____(able) to realize one’s mistakes and learn from them is what matters, which is also the main purpose of education. Why not give students a chance____48____(find) out and correct their mistakes themselves?

It is by no_____49_____(mean)parents’ duty to go through the kids’ assignments.____50____ parents are supposed to do is to create a friendly studying environment for kids, and teach them to be an independent learner. After all, independent learning is much more important than high scores.

【答案】41. having 42. daily 43. Luckily 44. for 45. an 46. have scored

47. ability 48. to find 49. means 50. What

【解析】文章针对当下父母过多地帮助孩子做作业检查作业这一现象，告诉我们家长不要过多参与孩子学习，让他们在错误中自己成长。

41. having

考查动词形式。此处与句中的Digging, looking, sitting,并列，几个并列成分合做主语，故填having.

42. daily

考查形容词。此处修饰名词routine用形容词，指日常的工作，故填daily.

43. Luckily

考查副词。此处表示“幸运的是”，单独作状语用副词，故填Luckily.

44. for

考查介词。此处指学生们应该为自己的作业负责，be responsible for “对…负责”，是固定搭配。故填for.

45. an

考查冠词。句中part是单数可数名词，此处指出错是理解的过程的一个基本部分，essential开头是元音音标，表示“一个”用an，故填an.

46. have scored

47. ability

考查名词。此处由The限定后用名词，指认识自己错误的能力，故填ability.

48. to find

考查动词不定式。此处是不定式作定语修饰chance，指学生自己发现和改正错误的机会。故填to find.

49. means

考查名词。by no means “绝不”，是固定短语。故填means.

50. What

考查代词。此处引导主语从句，指父母应该做的事情，故填What.

2. 【福建省百所重点校2018届高三年上学期联合考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

“The only female giant panda in Britain____41____(believe) to be pregnant,” Edinburgh Zoo said Thursday. The zoo said, “Tian Tian is being____42____(close) monitored, but it’s unclear____43____she will give birth. It’s hard to predict exactly and the panda breeding (繁殖) season can last until late September.”

Tian Tian and male panda Yang Guang, who are both 14,___44___(arrive) in Edinburgh on a decade-long loan from China in 2011 and are____45____only giant pandas in Britain. Tian Tian, or Sweetie, has been pregnant several___46___ (time) before in the U. K. but has never given birth.

Giant pandas have difficulty breeding and their pregnancies are very difficult____47____(follow). The animals also experience “pseudo-pregnancies (伪怀孕)”, during____48____their behavior and hormonal (生理的) changes indicate they are pregnant even when they are not.

The zoo’s statement came after the Edinburgh Evening Nevus used the Freedom of Information Act to obtain communication between the zoo and Scottish government____49____(show) that Tian Tian had been artificially inseminated and could give birth as early as this week. In a July 25 email, Iain Valentine, panda____50____(direct) at the Royal Zoological Society of S

cotland, said he thought Tian Tian was about 30 days away from giving birth.

【答案】41. is believed 42. closely 43. when 44. arrived 45. the 46. times

47. to follow 48. which 49. showing 50. director

【解析】本文主要报道了英国唯一的雌性大熊猫“甜甜”怀孕了的新闻。

41. 考查语态。“英国唯一的雌性大熊猫”和“认为”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，填is believed。

42. 考查副词。修饰动词monitored，用副词closely，所以填closely。

43. 考查语义理解。但是它什么时候会产仔并不清楚。表示“什么时候”，所以填when。

44. 考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填arrived。

45. 考查冠词。特指“是英国仅有的大熊猫”，所以用定冠词，填the。

46. 考查名词。在英国，“甜甜”之前已经怀孕过几次了。表示“次数”，所以填times。[来源:学|科|网]

47. 考查不定式。它们的怀孕追踪起来很困难。用不定式的主动表示和主语之间的动宾关系，所以填to follow。

48. 考查非限制性定语从句。during ___8___ their behavior and hormonal (生理的) changes indicate they are pregnant 是一个非限制性定语从句，介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。

49. 考查非谓语动词。show与其逻辑主语The zoo’s statement之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填showing。

50. 考查名词。这里表示“苏格兰英国皇家学会”的熊猫指导。作句子主语，用名词，所以填director。

3. 【广东省化州市2018届高三上学期第二次高考模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Fake news has long been ___41___ serious problem, and social media ___42___ (blame) for allowing fake news stories to spread. US tech___43___ (company) Facebook and Google have been using ___44___ (analyze) technology to fact-check stories and add labels ___45___ dubious (可疑的) ones to warn their r

eaders.

But recently a survey ___46___ (find) that as many as 60 percent of people in the US still think that not enough is being done___47___ (keep) internet users away from fake news. According to Eric Carvin, social media editor at the Associated Press, ___48___(fight) fake news is like “whack-a-mole (打地鼠游戏)”, she said, ___49___ means that for now, we’ll just have to rely on ___50___ (we) common sense to decide what’s real and what isn’t.

【答案】41. a 42. has been blamed 43. companies 44. analytical 45. to 46. found

47. to keep 48. fighting 49. which 50. our

【解析】试题分析：虚假新闻一直是一个严重的问题。脸书和谷歌公司一直使用分析技术核实事实，给可疑的故事添加标签来警告读者。但是虚假新闻就像打地鼠，需要我们依靠常识来辨别。

41. 考查冠词。句意：虚假新闻长期以来一直是一个严重的问题。problem是可数名词，结合句意，故填a。

43. 考查名词。根据下文提到的脸书和谷歌两个公司可知，此处用复数。故填companies。

44. 考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，analytical technology“分析技术”。故填analytical。

45. 考查介词。句意：……给可疑的故事添加标签来警告读者。add…to…“增添……到……上”是常用搭配。故填to。

46. 考查动词。根据时间状语recently可推断，句子讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。主语a survey与谓语动词find是主动关系。故填found。

47. 考查非谓语动词。“__7___ (keep) internet users away from fake news”是作目的状语，不定式短语常用作目的状语。故填to keep。

48. 考查非谓语动词。句意：……与虚假新闻作战像打地鼠。fighting fake news作主语，作主语用动名词形式。故填fighting。

50. 考查代词。句意：……我们必须依靠我们的常识来断定哪些是真的，哪些是假的。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。故填our。

4. 【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Tea is one of the most popular____41____(drink)in the world. You make it by pouring hot water over the___42___ (dry)leaves of a tea plant. For centuries people believed that tea could cure illnesses, and they used it as medicine. Today scientists know that tea contains chemicals that prevent cells from____43____(die). Most teas have caffeine in them, a substance that makes you feel more active. Some people have problems drinking tea because it can cause ___44___(sleepless).

The tea plant grows best in tropical and temperate places___45___rain falls throughout the year. Teas can be grown from sea level___46___about 2,000 metres, but the best quality grows in higher regions.

Tea ___47___(come)from the leaves and buds of tea plants. Wild plants can be up to 9 metres high but on tea plantations(茶园)they ___48___(cut)back to a bush of about a metre in height so that workers can pull the leaves ___49___(easy). I

t takes a plant three to five years before it is ready for plucking(

采摘).

A plucker can harvest about 20 kg of tea a day. on large tea plantations the leaves are harvested by machines, ___50___the quality of tea is higher when the leaves are plucked by hand.

【答案】41. drinks 42. dried 43. dying 44. sleeplessness 45. where 46. to

47. comes 48. are cut 49. easily 50. but

【解析】本文属于饮食类。主要讲述茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一，及喝茶的作用，茶的种植。

41. drinks

考查名词的复数。句意：茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一。根据句意可知是最受欢迎的饮料之一，应该是复数，故用drinks.

42. dried

考查过去分词作状语。句意：你可以热水泡干的茶叶。根据常识可知茶叶是烘干的，故要用dried

作定语，被烧坏的，dried。

43. dying

44. sleeplessness

考查名词作宾语。句意：它会导致失眠。动词cause后要跟名词作宾语，故要用sleepessness。

45. where

考查定语从句。茶树在热带和温带地区生长最好，那里全年有雨水降落。先行词places 在从句中作地点状语，故用where。

46. to

考查固定搭配。句意：茶叶可以从海平面生长到2000米左右。from…to…,从……到……，故选to。

47. comes

考查谓语动词。句意：茶来自茶树的叶子和芽。Tea 是个不可数名词，谓语动词要用单数，故用 comes。[来源:学科网ZXXK]

48. are cut

考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：野生植物可以高达9米，茶园里的植物被削减到约一米的灌木丛。他们(植物)是被砍，是复数。故要用被动。

49. easily

考查副词修饰动词。句意：工人可以把树叶很容易地摘下来。Easy修饰动词pull，形容词不能修饰动词，故用副词easily。

50. but

考查转折连词。大茶园的叶子是由机器收割，但是手工采摘的茶叶质量更高。分析句意可知两句是转折关系，故用but。

5. 【“江淮十校”2018届高三联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Mr.Perkins stood at the bus stop and watched the cars go by.Many of the cars were new Beta 400s,and most of ___41___were yellow.Mr.Perkins always___42___(wear) the same clothes as other men,ate the same food as other people,and did the same things after work and at the end of the week.Mr.Perkins did not like to be___43___(differ).The following week,Mr.Perkins bought a new,bright yellow Beta 400.He was satisfied___44___it,and drove it to work in the very next day.He was very happy when he saw all the other Beta 400s in front,behind,and on both___45___(side) of him. Mr.Perkins parked his car in a big parking lot near his office,and worked the rest of the day.But when he came back at five o'clock,there were___46___many bright yellow Beta 400s in the car-park that he did not know___47___was his car.He tried his key in some of the cars,but people___48___(pass) by gave him a look he didn't like.So he stopped.Poor Mr.Perkins hard to wait___49___(patience) until his car was the only one that___50___(leave)in the pa

rking lot.

【答案】41. them 42. wore 43. difference 44. with 45. sides 46. so 47. which

48. passing 49. patiently 50. was left

41. them

考查代词。此处指代new Beta 400s用于介词of后作宾语用宾格，故填them.

42. wore

考查动词时态。与上下句所给时态were, did一致也用过去时，故填wear的过去式wore.

43. difference

考查名词。此处指他不喜欢与众不同，be difference“与众不同”，故填difference.

44. with

考查介词。此处是be satisfied with的用法，表示“对…满意”是固定搭配，故填with.

45. sides