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容器如同一台没有显示器的电脑，如何查看容器里的东西，又如何在容器里执行命令呢？这可以利用docker exec来实现，如图1-15所示。
通过docker exec就可以执行容器里的命令了。
在容器里执行指定的命令
语法：
docker exec 容器名 命令
步骤1：在容器db里执行ip a | grep 'inet ' 命令。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms100 ~]# docker exec db ip a | grep 'inet ' inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0[root@vms100 ~]#
如果容器里没有要执行的命令，就会出现报错。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms100 ~]# docker exec db ifconfigOCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: unable to start container process: exec: "ifconfig": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown[root@vms100 ~]#
如果想获取shell控制台的话，需要加上-it选项。
步骤2：获取容器里bash控制台。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms100 ~]# docker exec -it db bashroot@b1fff2458132:/# root@b1fff2458132:/# root@b1fff2458132:/# exitexit[root@vms100 ~]#
注意：有的镜像里不存在bash，可以使用sh替代。
物理机和容器互相拷贝文件
有时我们需要让物理机和容器之间互相拷贝一些文件，它们之间拷贝文件的语法如下。
docker cp /path/file 容器:/path2 把物理机的/path/file拷贝到容器里的/path2里docker cp 容器:/path2/file /path/ 把容器里的/path2/file拷贝到物理机的/path里
步骤1：把物理机的/etc/hosts拷贝到容器的/opt里。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms100 ~]# docker exec db ls /opt[root@vms100 ~]# [root@vms100 ~]# docker cp /etc/hosts db:/opt Successfully copied 2.05kB to db:/opt[root@vms100 ~]# docker exec db ls /opthosts[root@vms100 ~]#
可以看到容器的/opt目录里原来是没有hosts文件的，现在已经拷贝进去了。
步骤2：把容器的/etc/passwd拷贝到物理机的/opt里。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms100 ~]# ls /opt/containerd rh[root@vms100 ~]# docker cp db:/etc/passwd /opt/ Successfully copied 3.07kB to /opt/[root@vms100 ~]# ls /opt/containerd passwd rh[root@vms100 ~]#
可以看到物理机的/opt目录里原来是没有passwd文件的，现在已经拷贝过来了。
关闭、启动、重启容器
一般情况下在操作系统里重启某个服务，可以通过systemctl restart服务名来重启，容器里一般是没法使用systemctl命令的。如果要重启容器里的程序，直接重启容器就可以了。下面演示如何关闭、启动、重启容器。
步骤1：关闭、启动、重启容器。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms100 ~]# docker ps -qb1fff2458132[root@vms100 ~]# docker stop dbdb[root@vms100 ~]# docker ps -q[root@vms100 ~]# docker start dbdb[root@vms100 ~]# docker ps -qb1fff2458132[root@vms100 ~]# docker restart dbdb[root@vms100 ~]# docker ps -qb1fff2458132[root@vms100 ~]#
步骤2：查看容器里运行的进程。
语法：
docker top 容器名
这个类似于任务管理器，可以查看到容器里正在运行的进程。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms100 ~]# docker top dbUID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMDpolkitd 41342 41323 1 11:26 ? 00:00:00 mysqld[root@vms100 ~]#查看容器里的输出
当容器没法正常运行的时候，我们需要查看容器里的输出来进行排错。如果要查看容器里的日志信息，可以通过如下命令进行查看。
docker logs 容器名
查看容器日志时，如果要持续显示日志内容，即只要容器内容更新，日志中就能立刻显示出来，可以使用“docker logs -f 容器名”命令，操作如下。
步骤1：查看容器日志输出。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms100 ~]# docker logs dbInitializing database2023-05-03T03:19:46.157887Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2023-05-03T03:19:46.312799Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=457902023-05-03T03:19:46.338833Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.... #省略其中的大量内容2023-05-03T03:26:02.814635Z 0 [Note] Executing 'SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;' to get a list of tables using the deprecated partition engine. You may use the startup option '--disable-partition-engine-check' to skip this check. 2023-05-03T03:26:02.814638Z 0 [Note] Beginning of list of non-natively partitioned tables2023-05-03T03:26:02.823602Z 0 [Note] End of list of non-natively partitioned tables[root@vms100 ~]#
如果要查看容器的属性，可以通过“docker inspect 容器名”来实现。
步骤2：查看容器db的属性。
##########实操验证##########[root@vms100 ~]# docker inspect db[ { "Id": "b1fff2458132d47eb89958600445dce3942071ba638f7d5d0c6cb0cd0c7b6f08", "Created": "2023-05-03T03:19:45.765381166Z", "Path": "docker-entrypoint.sh", "Args": [ "mysqld" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 41342, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2023-05-03T03:26:02.458135184Z", "FinishedAt": "2023-05-03T03:26:02.051540248Z" }, "Image": "sha256:9e64176cd8a206f88336506fe52cd8f87423147dc197d0250175dddc39465e90", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b1fff2458132d47eb89958600445dce3942071ba638f7d5d0c6cb0cd0c7b6f08/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b1fff2458132d47eb89958600445dce3942071ba638f7d5d0c6cb0cd0c7b6f08/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b1fff2458132d47eb89958600445dce3942071ba638f7d5d0c6cb0cd0c7b6f08/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b1fff2458132d47eb89958600445dce3942071ba638f7d5d0c6cb0cd0c7b6f08/b1fff2458132d47eb89958600445dce3942071ba638f7d5d0c6cb0cd0c7b6f08-json.log", "Name": "/db", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "always", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "ConsoleSize": [ 54, 185 ], "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [], "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [], "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [], "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [], "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2bdbb486ed87a51450b7d7ab356d5d137285623495ea36c083c233c1549048fb-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e2bd254108d4be1c214cb4c4d4f54e09f5ba9d2f878fab2c0ec8d35658ecabe7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cbbb70bf8f6a80cfa3e52ce8a3fac6609e07147ff8f5f1d5ff8eeba4a1ca6114/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1c980ec9e79968c392c20a77818ad66cb0632ba555d857dc282e7ff88b23a430/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/afbb53c5b5d1b58f6014fa7c39e200c2fe4c77f1149347fd96008fac7e4ffecb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3bb52f39959e2e49fb8ec139365eab13e64418b05fe873b428bc718e562c0d04/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/70fbdb12349c7b0e7bf812edb79b83570be349eb168a9746e664da5a26d1ea3a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ebffc7c353c581b9d75c69b105ddcaca2379b3312522339cc8f46b614e0d3787/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/42717b05fc08c3827da977e200965dec44f4eece4f309ff36e0a4f64bc08442e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e0ffac8f8d872dff032b3e02ca3063e2d18b241b3c1d126fcc918e4bd1ca84b1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d5dc3a9249255c9d42c0e5235fee07fa211172657d69ff9a80cc5e09d068811e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5449c9e57d4aa616794cd3ea229264ff5a3ec0232b5e9ab2ecccb36d35d69d93/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2bdbb486ed87a51450b7d7ab356d5d137285623495ea36c083c233c1549048fb/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2bdbb486ed87a51450b7d7ab356d5d137285623495ea36c083c233c1549048fb/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2bdbb486ed87a51450b7d7ab356d5d137285623495ea36c083c233c1549048fb/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [ { "Type": "volume", "Name": "59e13d8a98549e71403c55dfb3653ddfdd325cb1e79af8485962dc110219beab", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/59e13d8a98549e71403c55dfb3653ddfdd325cb1e79af8485962dc110219beab/_data", "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" } ], "Config": { "Hostname": "b1fff2458132", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "3306/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat", "MYSQL_DATABASE=blog", "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "GOSU_VERSION=1.7", "MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7", "MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.18-1debian8" ], "Cmd": [ "mysqld" ], "Image": "hub.c.163.com/library/mysql", "Volumes": { "/var/lib/mysql": {} }, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": [ "docker-entrypoint.sh" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "1c5900ee97fec43fde00cd3c90dd687c7aac3e41aa49b50675655750578ead17", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": { "3306/tcp": null }, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/1c5900ee97fe", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "963e65b29c78971e86188648db68ba2edf33ac3a7177942a59693ccc0cf58c2b", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "3cd11d1bdf6950ae11dec919c8f9fdb20423180a976a04cc36368bc3376be4bf", "EndpointID": "963e65b29c78971e86188648db68ba2edf33ac3a7177942a59693ccc0cf58c2b", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "DriverOpts": null } } } }][root@vms100 ~]# 在这个输出里，可以查看到容器的各种信息，比如数据卷、网络信息等。
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标签： #c语言52f什么意思
