Ubuntu 18.04 安装好以后，需要更新源和安装必要的软件，可以把升级和安装软件的命令集合到一个shell脚本中，实现一体化安装。

本例使用的 shell 脚本如下：

file:first-up.sh

#!/bin/bash # 更新 Ubuntu 安装源echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> update <<<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list--oldcat <<EOF >> ~/sources.listdeb  bionic maindeb  bionic-security maindeb  bionic-updates maindeb  bionic restricted universe multiversedeb  bionic-security restricted universe multiversedeb  bionic-updates restricted universe multiversedeb  bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb  bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src  bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src  bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src  bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src  bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src  bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverseEOFsudo mv ~/sources.list /etc/apt/# 更新源并升级sudo apt updateecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> upgrade <<<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt -y upgrade# 安装 gcc make 等开发工具和linux内核头文件echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install build-essential <<<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y build-essential dkms linux-headers-$(uname -r) # 安装常用软件echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install cmake git svn snapd tree curl wget <<<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y cmake git subversion snapd tree curl wgetsudo snap install cheat# 安装 sshdecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install openssh-server <<<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y openssh-server# 安装 ctags cscopeecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install ctags cscope <<<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y ctags cscope# 安装 PuTTYecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install PuTTY <<<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y putty# 安装 lrzszecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install lrzsz <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y lrzsz# 安装: python2echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install python2 <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install pythonsudo apt install python-pipsudo apt install ipython# 安装: python3echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install python3 <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install python3 #(默认已装)sudo apt install python3-pipsudo apt install ipython3# vimecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install vim <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y vim # 配置 vimecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> setting vim <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "cat <<EOF > ~/.vimrc" 开启文件类型侦测filetype on" 根据侦测到的不同类型加载对应的插件filetype plugin on" 开启语法高亮功能syntax enable" 允许用指定语法高亮配色方案替换默认方案syntax on" 开启实时搜索功能set incsearch" 关闭兼容模式(去掉vi一致性, 可以使用更多vim功能)set nocompatible" vim 自身命令行模式智能补全set wildmenu" 总是显示状态栏set laststatus=2" 显示光标当前位置set ruler" 开启行号显示set number" 高亮显示当前行/列"set cursorline"set cursorcolumn" 增量式搜索set incsearch " 高亮显示搜索结果set hlsearch" 文件自动检测外部更改set autoread" tab缩进" 制表符占4个空格set tabstop=4" 编辑模式输入 Tab 时，插入字符数（可能是 Tab 和空格的混合宽度，" 比如 "tabstop=4，softtabstop=10，那么插入 Tab 时会将光标移动 10 个字符，" 可能会是两个 tab 加两个空格，这对 backspace 也有效。）set softtabstop=4" 默认缩进4个空格大小set shiftwidth=4" 用空格键替换制表符"set expandtab" 在行首输入 Tab 时插入宽度为 shiftwidth 的空白，" 在其他地方按 tabstop 和 softtabstop 处理" 解决 shiftwidth 和 tabstop 不等时的问题set smarttab" c文件自动缩进set cindent" 自动对齐set autoindent" 智能缩进set smartindent" 配色方案 colorscheme elflord" 浅色显示当前行"autocmd InsertLeave * se nocul" 用浅色高亮当前行"autocmd InsertEnter * se culau BufNewFile,BufRead *.py \ set tabstop=4 | \ set softtabstop=4 | \ set shiftwidth=4 | \ set textwidth=79 | \ set expandtab | \ set autoindent | \ set fileformat=unix au BufRead,BufNewFile *.py,*.pyw,*.c,*.h match Error /\s\+$/" 缩进指示线"let g:indentLine_char='┆'let g:indentLine_enabled = 1" 设置中文编码set fileencodings=utf-8,ucs-bom,gb2312,gbk,gb18030,cp936set termencoding=utf-8set encoding=utf-8set fileformats=unix" F5 启动 Python3 运行 vim 编辑的 python 程序map <F5> :w<cr>:!python3 %<cr>EOF# 安装 vimecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install neovim <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y neovim # 安装 neovim （可选）echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install neovim <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "# 安装 FileZilla 客户端echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install filezilla <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y filezillasudo apt install -y filezilla-locales# 安装 Node.jsecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install node.js <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y nodejs# 安装 npmecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install npm <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y npm# 使用 npm 安装terminalizer：echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install terminalizer <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "#sudo npm install -g terminalizer# 安装flameshotecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install flameshot <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y flameshot# 安装 ttystudio，另一款终端动作录制软件echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install ttsstudio <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo npm install ttystudio -g# 安装截屏软件 shutterecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install shutter <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo add-apt-repository ppa:shutter/ppasudo apt updatesudo apt install -y shutter# 安装录屏软件(GIF) byzanzecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install byzanz <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fossfreedom/byzanzsudo apt update sudo apt install -y byzanz# 安装 Typoraecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install Typora <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "wget -qO -  | sudo apt-key add -# 添加 Typora's 源sudo add-apt-repository 'deb  ./'sudo apt update# 安装 typorasudo apt install -y typora# 安装 Latex 环境:echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install texlive-full <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y texlive-full# 安装 Haskell 平台echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install haskell-platform <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y haskell-platform# 安装 pandocecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install pandoc <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "#cabal update#cabal install pandoc # or cabal install pandoc --force-reinstalls# 安装 filter (插件)echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install pandoc-crossref <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "cabal install pandoc-crossref #安装 pandoc 交叉引用支持echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install pandoc-citeproc <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "cabal install pandoc-citeproc #安装 pandoc 参考文献支持# 安装输入法echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install input methon <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y fcitxsudo apt install -y fcitx-tablesudo apt install -y fcitx-googlepinyin# 安装 retext#安装几个依赖包echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install pyqt5 <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "pip3 install pyqt5echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install Markups <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "pip3 install Markupsecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install python-markdown <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install python-markdownecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install python-docutils <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install python-docutilsecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install python-enchant <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install python-enchantecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install retext <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install retext# 安装 pdf, chm 阅读器软件echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install evince <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y evince echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install kchmviewer <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install kchmviewer# 安装 wpsecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> download libpng12-0_1.2.54 wps <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "wget  " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install libpng12-0_1.2.54 wps <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo dpkg -i libpng12-0_1.2.54-1ubuntu1_amd64.debecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> download wps <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "wget  " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install wps <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo dpkg -i wps-office_10.1.0.6757_amd64.deb# 字体包下载地址： #sudo dpkg -i symbol-fonts_1.2_all.deb# 安装音乐播放echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install deadbeef <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y deadbeef# 安装视频播放echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install vlc <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo snap install vlc# 安装音频编辑软件echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install audacity <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y audacity# 安装思维导图软件echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install vym <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install -y vym# 几款录屏软件# 安装 SimpleScreenRecorderecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install simplescreenrecorder <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install simplescreenrecorder# 安装 peekecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install peek <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo add-apt-repository ppa:peek-developers/stablesudo apt updatesudo apt install peek# 安装 UML 建模软件echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install umbrello <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install umbrello# 安装流程图绘制软件echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install dia <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install dia# 安装文件比较工具 meldecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install meld <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install meld# 安装 zsh (Z shell)# zsh号称最好用的shell。echo " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install zsh <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install zsh# 设置 zsh 为默认 Shellchsh -s /bin/zsh# 安装 autojumpecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install autojump <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sudo apt install autojump# 安装 oh-my-zshecho " "echo ">>>>>>>>>>> install oh-my-zsh <<<<<<<<<<<<"echo " "sh -c "$(curl -fsSL )"

编辑好 first-up.sh 后执行

chmod a+x first-up.sh./first-up.sh