学习知多少：java篇

LearningYard学苑 04-09 98

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一、思维导图

一、 Mind mapping

二、java类

2、 Java Class

Java 中的类

Classes in Java

类可以看成是创建 Java 对象的模板。

A class can be seen as a template for creating Java objects.

创建一个简单的类来理解下 Java 中类的定义：

Create a simple class from the above diagram to understand the definition of a class in Java:

public class Dog { String breed; int size; String colour; int age; void eat() { } void run() { } void sleep(){ } void name(){ }}

一个类可以包含以下类型变量：

A class can contain the following type variables:

局部变量：在方法、构造方法或者语句块中定义的变量被称为局部变量。变量声明和初始化都是在方法中，方法结束后，变量就会自动销毁。

Local variables: Variables defined in methods, construction methods, or statement blocks are referred to as local variables. Variable declaration and initialization are both in the method, and after the method ends, the variable will be automatically destroyed.

成员变量：成员变量是定义在类中，方法体之外的变量。这种变量在创建对象的时候实例化。成员变量可以被类中方法、构造方法和特定类的语句块访问。

Member variables: Member variables are variables defined within a class, outside of the method body. This variable is instantiated when creating an object. Member variables can be accessed by methods in the class, construction methods, and statement blocks for specific classes.

类变量：类变量也声明在类中，方法体之外，但必须声明为 static 类型。

Class variables: Class variables are also declared within the class, outside the method body, but must be declared as static types.

一个类可以拥有多个方法，在上面的例子中：eat()、run()、sleep() 和 name() 都是 Dog 类的方法。

A class can have multiple methods, and in the above example, eat(), run(), sleep(), and name() are all methods of the Dog class.

构造方法

Construction method

每个类都有构造方法。如果没有显式地为类定义构造方法，Java 编译器将会为该类提供一个默认构造方法。

Each class has a construction method. If a constructor is not explicitly defined for a class, the Java compiler will provide a default constructor for that class.

在创建一个对象的时候，至少要调用一个构造方法。构造方法的名称必须与类同名，一个类可以

有多个构造方法。

When creating an object, at least one construction method must be called. The name of the construction method must have the same name as the class, and a class can have multiple construction methods.

下面是一个构造方法示例：

Here is an example of a construction method:

public class Puppy{ public Puppy(){ } public Puppy(String name){ // 这个构造器仅有一个参数：name }}

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