之前整理的是PostgreSQL9和PostGIS2的安装手册,最近在安装PostgreSQL13时发现由于版本过新,安装步骤略有不同,这里简单记录一下安装过程.

各软件包版本依赖关系检查

检查PostGIS、PostgreSQL、GEOS、GDAL、PROJ等各软件的版本依赖关系

PostGIS与PostgreSQL版本兼容性对比

PostGIS与PostgreSQL版本兼容性对比

PostGIS与GEOS版本兼容性对比

PostGIS与GEOS版本兼容性对比

PostGIS与GDAL版本兼容性对比

PostGIS与GDAL版本兼容性对比

注: 以上版本对比并不是采用的最新版本,如需最新版本请到各自软件的官方网站查看.

版本选择系统版本

CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

PostgreSQL13.1

PostGIS

GEOS

proj

gdal

sqlite3(系统自带版本低于proj安装最低版本要求,所以我们自己重新编译新的sqlite3版本)

系统配置

1). 创建postgres用户和组

# groupadd -g 101 dba# useradd -u 501 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/pgsql postgres

2). 添加postgres用户环境变量

$ cat ~/.bash_profile# .bash_profile# Get the aliases and functionsif [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then    . ~/.bashrcfi# User specific environment and startup programsexport PGHOME=/usr/local/pgsqlexport PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/dataexport PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATHexport DATE=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S> "

3). 调整系统参数

# tail -n 12 /etc/sysctl.confvm.overcommit_memory=1vm.overcommit_ratio=90fs.aio-max-nr=1048576fs.file-max= 7672460net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500net.core.rmem_default=262144net.core.rmem_max=4194304net.core.wmem_default=262144net.core.wmem_max=1048586kernel.sem= 50100 64128000 50100 1280kernel.shmall=5242880kernel.shmmax=12884901888# tail -n 4 /etc/security/limits.confpostgres soft nproc 8192postgres hard nproc 16384postgres soft nofile 4096postgres hard nofile 65536

4). 安装依赖包

# yum install -y python-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed python-devel gcc-c++ openssl-devel readline readline-devel bzip2 zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pam pam-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel openldap openldap-devel libgeos-dev libproj-dev libgdal-dev xsltproc docbook-xsl docbook-xml imagemagick libmagickcore-dev dblatex tcl tcl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel libpng12 libpng12-devel libtiff libtiff-devel curl-devel

$ mkdir /usr/local/pgsql$ mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/{data,arch,plugin}$ chown -R postgres.dba /usr/local/pgsql$ tar -zxf postgresql-13.1.tar.gz$ cd postgresql-13.1$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql --with-segsize=32 --with-tcl --with-perl --with-python --with-gssapi --with-pam --with-openssl --with-libxml --with-libxslt$ make world$ make install-world$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data/$ cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf | grep -v "^$" | grep -v "^#"listen_addresses = '*'port = 5432max_connections = 600superuser_reserved_connections = 3unix_socket_directories = '/tmp'shared_buffers = 16GBhuge_pages = trytemp_buffers = 256MBwork_mem = 256MBmaintenance_work_mem = 256MBlogging_collector = onlog_directory = 'log'log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'log_file_mode = 0600log_rotation_size = 10MB$ cat /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf | grep -v "^$" | grep -v "^#"local   all             all                                     trusthost    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trusthost    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               md5host    all             all             ::1/128                 trust

使用systemctl来管理PostgreSQL服务

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/pgsql.service [Unit]Description=PostgreSQL database serverDocumentation=[Service]Type=forkingUser=postgresGroup=dbaRestart=alwaysLimitNOFILE=65536# Note: avoid inserting whitespace in these Environment= lines, or you may# break postgresql-setup.# Location of database directoryEnvironment=PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data/# Maximum number of seconds pg_ctl will wait for postgres to start.  Note that# PGSTARTTIMEOUT should be less than TimeoutSec value.Environment=PGSTARTTIMEOUT=200# Where to send early-startup messages from the server (before the logging# options of postgresql.conf take effect)# This is normally controlled by the global default set by systemd# StandardOutput=syslog# Disable OOM kill on the postmasterOOMScoreAdjust=-1000Environment=PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_score_adjEnvironment=PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE=0ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -w -t ${PGSTARTTIMEOUT}ExecStop=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fastExecReload=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -sKillMode=mixedKillSignal=SIGINT # Do not set any timeout value, so that systemd will not kill postmaster# during crash recovery.TimeoutSec=0[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target

# systemctl daemon-reload# systemctl start pgsql# systemctl enable pgsql# su - postgres$ psql psql (13.1)Type "help" for help.postgres=#

1). 安装sqlite3

$ tar -zxf sqlite-snapshot-202101022356.tar.gz$ cd sqlite-snapshot-202101022356$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/sqlite$ make$ make install$ /usr/local/pgsql/plugin/sqlite/bin/sqlite3 --version3.35.0 2021-01-02 23:56:37 203c049c662380411522d0c7c493201331bbb2792a7c5b12684f04f532a0695d

2). 安装proj

$ tar -zxf proj-7.2.0.tar.gz$ cd proj-7.2.0$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/proj SQLITE3_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/sqlite/include SQLITE3_LIBS="-L/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/sqlite/lib -lsqlite3"$ make$ make install$ echo "/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/proj/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/proj.conf$ ldconfig

3). 安装geos

$ tar -jxf geos-3.9.0.tar.bz2$ cd geos-3.9.0$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/geos$ make$ make install$ echo "/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/geos/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/geos.conf$ ldconfig

4). 安装gdal

$ tar -zxf gdal-3.2.0.tar.gz$ cd gdal-3.2.0$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/gdal --with-proj=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/proj$ make$ make install$ echo "/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/gdal/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/gdal.conf$ ldconfig

5). 安装PostGIS

$ tar -zxf postgis-3.1.0.tar.gz$ cd postgis-3.1.0$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/postgis --with-pgconfig=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config --with-geosconfig=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/geos/bin/geos-config --with-gdalconfig=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/gdal/bin/gdal-config --with-projdir=/usr/local/pgsql/plugin/proj --without-protobuf$ make$ make install

6. 创建PostgGIS扩展

postgres=# \c template1template1=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis;template1=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_raster;template1=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_sfcgal;template1=# CREATE EXTENSION fuzzystrmatch;template1=# CREATE EXTENSION address_standardizer;template1=# CREATE EXTENSION address_standardizer_data_us;template1=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_tiger_geocoder;template1=# CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;template1=# \dx                                                                       List of installed extensions             Name             | Version |   Schema   |                                                     Description                                                     ------------------------------+---------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- address_standardizer         | 3.1.0   | public     | Used to parse an address into constituent elements. Generally used to support geocoding address normalization step. address_standardizer_data_us | 3.1.0   | public     | Address Standardizer US dataset example fuzzystrmatch                | 1.1     | public     | determine similarities and distance between strings hstore                       | 1.7     | public     | data type for storing sets of (key, value) pairs plpgsql                      | 1.0     | pg_catalog | PL/pgSQL procedural language postgis                      | 3.1.0   | public     | PostGIS geometry and geography spatial types and functions postgis_raster               | 3.1.0   | public     | PostGIS raster types and functions postgis_tiger_geocoder       | 3.1.0   | tiger      | PostGIS tiger geocoder and reverse geocoder postgis_topology             | 3.1.0   | topology   | PostGIS topology spatial types and functions(9 rows)

以上就是PostgreSQL31版本和PostGIS3.1版本安装过程.