写在开篇

近日，工信部印发了关于贯彻落实《推进IPv6规模部署行动计划》的通知，额。。。不好意思，跑题了！其实也没有跑题，本篇就是想要讲跟IPV6有关的东西。现在很多最新版的组件都默认支持IPV6了，比如Nginx、PHP、MySQL等等。那么本篇专门讲解一下Oracle 19C如何开启对IPV6的支持，从安装到配置、到IPV6监听的配置，一文打尽。

关于IPV6的基础知识，笔者后续会找时间，专门输出一篇文章分享给大家。

前戏热身

Oracle OUI 静默安装要点概述

Oracle OUI 静默安装，即 Oracle OUI Silent Installations，之所以能实现静默，是因为底层通过三个 response files 指定了一些必需的配置项的具体设置，管理员可以通过修改这三个 response file，针对自己的情况进行定制配置，从而实现静默安装。这三个 response files，说明如下：$ORACLE_HOME/install/response/db_install.rsp: 静默式安装或升级 oracle 二进制包时使用；$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp: 静默式安装、配置、删除数据库实例时使用；$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/netca/netca.rsp: 静默式配置 oracle 数据库的网络监听时使用；在执行静默安装前，最好备份这三个文件。

最低硬件配置

内存至少8G: grep MemTotal /proc/meminfoSWAP分区至少8G: grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo磁盘空间至少10g，其中/tmp目录下空间至少2g: df -h

下载相关安装包

preinstall rpm 包下载链接：zip 安装包的下载链接：

操作系统的初始化工作

配置 /etc/hosts 和 /etc/hostname；配置 selinux 为permissive或disabled：涉及文件/etc/selinux/config 和命令 setenforce Permissive关闭防火墙：systemctl stop/disalbe firewalld进入主题

执行安装前自动配置

下载对应版本的 preinstall rpm包（该rpm 包可以用来在正式安装前执行一些必要的配置）；

># yum localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

># id oracleuid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)

准备统一安装的路径

># mkdir /opt/u01># mkdir /opt/u02># ln -s /opt/u01 /># ln -s /opt/u02 /

创建oracle运行时必需的目录并赋权

># mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1># mkdir -p /u02/oradata># mkdir /u02/flash_recovery_area># chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/u01 /opt/u02># chmod -R 775 /opt/u01 /opt/u02

创建配置环境变量的辅助脚本，和数据库启停的辅助脚本，并赋权

># su - oracle>$ touch /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh>$ touch /home/oracle/scripts/start_all.sh>$ touch /home/oracle/scripts/stop_all.sh>$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/scripts>$ chmod u+x /home/oracle/scripts/*.sh

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh <<EOF# Oracle Settingsexport TMP=/tmpexport TMPDIR=$TMPexport ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle19csvrexport ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventoryexport ORACLE_SID=zabbixexport PDB_NAME=pdb1_zabbixexport DATA_DIR=/u02/oradataexport PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATHexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexport CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlibEOF

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/start_all.sh <<EOF#!/bin/bash. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.shexport ORAENV_ASK=NO. oraenvexport ORAENV_ASK=YESdbstart \$ORACLE_HOMEEOF

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/stop_all.sh <<EOF#!/bin/bash. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.shexport ORAENV_ASK=NO. oraenvexport ORAENV_ASK=YESdbshut \$ORACLE_HOMEEOF

配置环境变量/home/oracle/.bash_profile，引用上述环境变量配置辅助脚本

>$ echo ". /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile>$ source .bash_profile 

注意：上述环境变量辅助脚本 setEnv 中的配置项 ORACLE_SID=zabbix 和 PDB_NAME=pdb1_zabbix，跟后文 dbca 配置文件$oracle_home/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp 中的配置项sid=zabbix 和pdbName=pdb1_zabbix 是一一呼应的。

上传oracle19c二进制安装包并解压

上传到/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1 路径下并解压

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip

配置静默安装配置文件db_install.rsp

配置文件在LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip中的install目录下，更改前先备份

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/install/response/cp -a db_install.rsp {,db_install.rsp.bak.20220202}

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLYUNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstallINVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventoryORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleoracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EEoracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=oinstalloracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oinstalloracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=oinstalloracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=oinstalloracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=oinstalloracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=oinstalloracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=false

执行静默安装前，可以执行以下命令，检查各种配置项是否配置正确

>$ /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/runInstaller -executePrereqs -silent -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/install/response/db_install.rspLaunching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...Prerequisite checks executed successfully.Moved the install session logs to: /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2022-02-02_11-06-47AM

执行静默安装

>$ /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/install/response/db_install.rsp

根据runInstaller安装时的提示，切换使用root执行提示中的两个脚本文件

>$ sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh>$ sh /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

验证安装结果

使用sqlplus验证软件包安装结果上述步骤完成后，oracle所有的二进制文件都已经安装完毕，可以通过sqlplus命令验证下安装结果

使用NetCA配置 oracle监听服务

通过netca静默式配置监听服务这里使用了默认配置，未对该配置文件做任何修改

>$ netca -silent -responseFile $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

新增IPV6的监听地址与端口

查找监听文件listener.ora并进行修改

>$ vim /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraLISTENER =  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =    (DESCRIPTION =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = fd15:4ba5:5a2b:1008::5)(PORT = 1521))      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.11.8)(PORT = 1521))      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))    )  )SID_LIST_LISTENER =  (SID_LIST =    (SID_DESC =      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ZABBIX.DB)      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1)      (SID_NAME = zabbix)    )    (SID_DESC =      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PDB1_ZABBIX.DB)      (SID_NAME = zabbix)    )    )ADR_BASE_LISTENER=/u01/app/oracle

启动监听和查看监听状态

>$ lsnrctl start # 启动>$ lsnrctl status

使用 DBCA 创建 Oracle 数据库实例

DBCA ，即Database Configuration Assistant（数据库配置助手） ，可以用来创建 Oracle 数据库实例；DBCA 即支持 GUI 互动模式，也支持SILENT静默模式；静默模式下需要更改配置文件 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp改动前最好备份，重点修改项如下：

gdbName=zabbix.dbsid=zabbixcreateAsContainerDatabase=truepdbName=pdb1_zabbixpdbAdminPassword=Root.123456templateName=General_Purpose.dbcsysPassword=Root.123456systemPassword=Root.123456 dbsnmpPassword=Root.123456datafileDestination=/u02/oradatarecoveryAreaDestination=/u02/flash_recovery_areacharacterSet=UTF8nationalCharacterSet=UTF8listeners=LISTENERdatabaseType=OLTPsampleSchema=true

开始通过dbca命令静默式创建数据库

>$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp

数据库创建完成后，使用lsnrctl status验证下监听状态

[oracle@oracle19csvr admin]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 05-FEB-2022 10:20:57Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fd15:4ba5:5a2b:1008::5)(PORT=1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionStart Date                02-FEB-2022 22:16:06Uptime                    2 days 12 hr. 4 min. 51 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle19csvr/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fd15:4ba5:5a2b:1008::5)(PORT=1521)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.11.8)(PORT=1521)))Services Summary...Service "86b637b62fdf7a65e053f706e80a27ca.db" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "zabbix", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "d70b94075c19d292e055000000000005.db" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "zabbix", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "pdb1_zabbix.db" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "zabbix", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "zabbix.db" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "zabbix", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "zabbixXDB.db" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "zabbix", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully[oracle@oracle19csvr admin]$ 

数据库创建完成后，通过sqlplus尝试登录验证下

[oracle@oracle19csvr admin]$ sqlplus sys/Root.123456@zabbix as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 5 10:17:47 2022Version 19.3.0.0.0Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.3.0.0.0SQL> 

添加对可插拔数据库实例的监听，以及让其支持ipv6的侦听

如果使用 dbca 创建数据库时创建了可插拔数据库 pdb，则需要更改配置文件 tnsnames.ora，添加对可插拔数据库实例的监听；配置文件路径：/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora配置完毕的 tnsname.ora 内容如下:

ZABBIX =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.11.8)(PORT = 1521))    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = fd15:4ba5:5a2b:1008::5)(PORT = 1521)    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVER = DEDICATED)      (SERVICE_NAME = ZABBIX)    )  )PDB1_ZABBIX.DB =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.11.8)(PORT = 1521))    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = fd15:4ba5:5a2b:1008::5)(PORT = 1521)    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVER = DEDICATED)      (SERVICE_NAME = PDB1_ZABBIX.DB)    )  )

使用命令 tnsping 验证对可插拔数据库pdb的监听配置是否正确：

[oracle@oracle19csvr admin]$ tnsping pdb1_zabbixTNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 05-FEB-2022 10:49:34Copyright (c) 1997, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Used parameter files:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.oraUsed TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the aliasAttempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.11.8)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = fd15:4ba5:5a2b:1008::5)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1_zabbix)))OK (20 msec)

好了，终于结束了，整个过程下来可以说是“千辛万苦”啊！不断的碰到问题，解决问题。不断的掉到坑里，再从坑里爬出来。在本篇中笔者并没有把所遇到的问题分享出来。因为碰到的问题是五花八门呀！如果您也想在Oracle 19C将IPV6的监听玩起来，说不定遇到的问题会和笔者不一样，那就仁者见仁，智者见智了。本文只是抛砖引玉，望能和广大朋友一起交流哈。非常感谢您的关注，望多多点赞、转发。

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