(1) os.system

仅仅在一个子终端运行系统命令，而不能获取命令执行后的返回信息

system(command) -> exit_statusExecute the command (a string) in a subshell.

如果再命令行下执行，结果直接打印出来

>>> os.system('ls')04101419778.CHM bash document media py-django video11.wmv books downloads Pictures pythonall-20061022 Desktop Examples project tools

(2) os.popen

该方法不但执行命令还返回执行后的信息对象

popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipeOpen a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.>>>tmp = os.popen('ls *.py').readlines()>>>tmpOut[21]:['dump_db_pickle.py ','dump_db_pickle_recs.py ','dump_db_shelve.py ','initdata.py ','__init__.py ','make_db_pickle.py ','make_db_pickle_recs.py ','make_db_shelve.py ','peopleinteract_query.py ','reader.py ','testargv.py ','teststreams.py ','update_db_pickle.py ','writer.py ']

好处在于：将返回的结果赋于一变量，便于程序的处理。

(3) 使用模块 subprocess

>>> import subprocess>>> subprocess.call(["cmd", "arg1", "arg2"],shell=True)

获取返回和输出:

import subprocessp = subprocess.Popen('ls', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)for line in p.stdout.readlines(): print line,retval = p.wait()

(4) 使用模块 commands

>>> import commands>>> dir(commands)['__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'getoutput', 'getstatus','getstatusoutput', 'mk2arg', 'mkarg']>>> commands.getoutput("date")'Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009'>>>>>> commands.getstatusoutput("date")(0, 'Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009')

注意： 当执行命令的参数或者返回中包含了中文文字，那么建议使用subprocess，如果使用os.popen则会出现下面的错误:

Traceback (most recent call last): File "./test1.py", line 56, inmain() File "./test1.py", line 45, in main fax.sendFax() File "./mailfax/Fax.py", line 13, in sendFax os.popen(cmd)UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal not inrange(128)

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