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授权码(authorization code)方式,指的是第三方应用先申请一个授权码,然后再用该码获取令牌。
这种方式是最常用的流程,安全性也最高,它适用于那些有后端的 Web 应用。授权码通过前端传送,令牌则是储存在后端,而且所有与资源服务器的通信都在后端完成。这样的前后端分离,可以避免令牌泄漏。
1、授权码模式流程
第一步,A 网站提供一个链接,用户点击后就会跳转到 B 网站,授权用户数据给 A 网站使用。下面就是 A 网站跳转 B 网站的一个示意链接。
? response_type=code& client_id=CLIENT_ID& redirect_uri=CALLBACK_URL& scope=read
上面 URL 中,response_type参数表示要求返回授权码(code),client_id参数让 B 知道是谁在请求,redirect_uri参数是 B 接受或拒绝请求后的跳转网址,scope参数表示要求的授权范围(这里是只读)。
第二步,用户跳转后,B 网站会要求用户登录,然后询问是否同意给予 A 网站授权。用户表示同意,这时 B 网站就会跳回redirect_uri参数指定的网址。跳转时,会传回一个授权码,就像下面这样。
上面 URL 中,code参数就是授权码。
第三步,A 网站拿到授权码以后,就可以在后端,向 B 网站请求令牌。
? client_id=CLIENT_ID& client_secret=CLIENT_SECRET& grant_type=authorization_code& code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE& redirect_uri=CALLBACK_URL
上面 URL 中,client_id参数和client_secret参数用来让 B 确认 A 的身份(client_secret参数是保密的,因此只能在后端发请求),grant_type参数的值是AUTHORIZATION_CODE,表示采用的授权方式是授权码,code参数是上一步拿到的授权码,redirect_uri参数是令牌颁发后的回调网址。
第四步,B 网站收到请求以后,就会颁发令牌。具体做法是向redirect_uri指定的网址,发送一段 JSON 数据。
{ "access_token":"ACCESS_TOKEN", "token_type":"bearer", "expires_in":2592000, "refresh_token":"REFRESH_TOKEN", "scope":"read", "uid":100101, "info":{...} }
上面 JSON 数据中,access_token字段就是令牌,A 网站在后端拿到了。
2、授权码模式实现代码
2.1 创建pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="; xmlns:xsi="; xsi:schemaLocation=" ;> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.dashi</groupId> <artifactId>springsecurity-oauth</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>springsecurity-oauth</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR5</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId> </dependency> <!--security依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <!--boot依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <!--boot依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!--test依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement></project>
2.2 创建springsecurity配置文件
package com.dashi.springsecurityoauth.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;@Configuration@EnableWebSecuritypublic class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){ return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.csrf().disable() .authorizeRequests() .antMatchers("/oauth/**","/login/**","/logout/**") .permitAll() .anyRequest() .authenticated() .and() .formLogin() .permitAll(); }}
2.3 创建UserService实现UserDetailService接口
package com.dashi.springsecurityoauth.model;import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;import java.util.Collection;import java.util.List;public class User implements UserDetails { private String username; private String password; private List<GrantedAuthority> authorities; public User(String username, String password, List<GrantedAuthority> authorities) { this.username = username; this.password = password; this.authorities = authorities; } @Override public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() { return this.authorities; } @Override public String getPassword() { return this.password; } @Override public String getUsername() { return this.username; } @Override public boolean isAccountNonExpired() { return true; } @Override public boolean isAccountNonLocked() { return true; } @Override public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() { return true; } @Override public boolean isEnabled() { return true; }}
2.4 创建认证服务
package com.dashi.springsecurityoauth.config;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.configurers.ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer;import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter;import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableAuthorizationServer;@Configuration@EnableAuthorizationServerpublic class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder; @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.inMemory() .withClient("admin") .secret(passwordEncoder.encode("654321")) .accessTokenValiditySeconds(3600) .redirectUris(";) .scopes("all") //配置grant_type,表示授权码授权 .authorizedGrantTypes("authorization_code"); }}
2.5 创建资源服务
package com.dashi.springsecurityoauth.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableResourceServer;import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter;@Configuration@EnableResourceServerpublic class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .anyRequest() .authenticated() .and() .requestMatchers() //以/user开头的地址根据token访问资源 .antMatchers("/user/**"); }}
2.6启动服务访问地址
2.7上一步连接跳转到输入用户名和地址
2.8 点击允许受访问的资源,跳转到授权网站(),获取授权码
2.9 打开postman,填入下面内容获取token
2.10 通过token访问授保护的资源
参考文档:OAuth 2.0 的四种方式 - 阮一峰的网络日志 (ruanyifeng.com)
来源:
标签: #oauth详解apache