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oauth2.0授权码模式详解

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oauth2.0授权码模式

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授权码(authorization code)方式,指的是第三方应用先申请一个授权码,然后再用该码获取令牌。

这种方式是最常用的流程,安全性也最高,它适用于那些有后端的 Web 应用。授权码通过前端传送,令牌则是储存在后端,而且所有与资源服务器的通信都在后端完成。这样的前后端分离,可以避免令牌泄漏。

1、授权码模式流程

第一步,A 网站提供一个链接,用户点击后就会跳转到 B 网站,授权用户数据给 A 网站使用。下面就是 A 网站跳转 B 网站的一个示意链接。

? response_type=code& client_id=CLIENT_ID& redirect_uri=CALLBACK_URL& scope=read

上面 URL 中,response_type参数表示要求返回授权码(code),client_id参数让 B 知道是谁在请求,redirect_uri参数是 B 接受或拒绝请求后的跳转网址,scope参数表示要求的授权范围(这里是只读)。

第二步,用户跳转后,B 网站会要求用户登录,然后询问是否同意给予 A 网站授权。用户表示同意,这时 B 网站就会跳回redirect_uri参数指定的网址。跳转时,会传回一个授权码,就像下面这样。

上面 URL 中,code参数就是授权码。

第三步,A 网站拿到授权码以后,就可以在后端,向 B 网站请求令牌。

? client_id=CLIENT_ID& client_secret=CLIENT_SECRET& grant_type=authorization_code& code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE& redirect_uri=CALLBACK_URL

上面 URL 中,client_id参数和client_secret参数用来让 B 确认 A 的身份(client_secret参数是保密的,因此只能在后端发请求),grant_type参数的值是AUTHORIZATION_CODE,表示采用的授权方式是授权码,code参数是上一步拿到的授权码,redirect_uri参数是令牌颁发后的回调网址。

第四步,B 网站收到请求以后,就会颁发令牌。具体做法是向redirect_uri指定的网址,发送一段 JSON 数据。

{ "access_token":"ACCESS_TOKEN", "token_type":"bearer", "expires_in":2592000, "refresh_token":"REFRESH_TOKEN", "scope":"read", "uid":100101, "info":{...} }

上面 JSON 数据中,access_token字段就是令牌,A 网站在后端拿到了。

2、授权码模式实现代码

2.1 创建pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="; xmlns:xsi=";         xsi:schemaLocation=" ;>    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <groupId>com.dashi</groupId>    <artifactId>springsecurity-oauth</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <name>springsecurity-oauth</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <properties>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR5</spring-cloud.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId>        </dependency>        <!--security依赖-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-security</artifactId>        </dependency>        <!--boot依赖-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>        </dependency>        <!--boot依赖-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <!--test依赖-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build>    <dependencyManagement>        <dependencies>            <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>                <type>pom</type>                <scope>import</scope>            </dependency>        </dependencies>    </dependencyManagement></project>

2.2 创建springsecurity配置文件

package com.dashi.springsecurityoauth.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;@Configuration@EnableWebSecuritypublic class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {    @Bean    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();    }    @Override    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {        http.csrf().disable()                .authorizeRequests()                .antMatchers("/oauth/**","/login/**","/logout/**")                .permitAll()                .anyRequest()                .authenticated()                .and()                .formLogin()                .permitAll();    }}

2.3 创建UserService实现UserDetailService接口

package com.dashi.springsecurityoauth.model;import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;import java.util.Collection;import java.util.List;public class User implements UserDetails {    private String username;    private String password;    private List<GrantedAuthority> authorities;    public User(String username, String password, List<GrantedAuthority> authorities) {        this.username = username;        this.password = password;        this.authorities = authorities;    }    @Override    public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {        return this.authorities;    }    @Override    public String getPassword() {        return this.password;    }    @Override    public String getUsername() {        return this.username;    }    @Override    public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {        return true;    }    @Override    public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {        return true;    }    @Override    public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {        return true;    }    @Override    public boolean isEnabled() {        return true;    }}

2.4 创建认证服务

package com.dashi.springsecurityoauth.config;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.configurers.ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer;import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter;import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableAuthorizationServer;@Configuration@EnableAuthorizationServerpublic class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter {    @Autowired    private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;    @Override    public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception {        clients.inMemory()                .withClient("admin")                .secret(passwordEncoder.encode("654321"))                .accessTokenValiditySeconds(3600)                .redirectUris(";)                .scopes("all")                //配置grant_type,表示授权码授权                .authorizedGrantTypes("authorization_code");    }}

2.5 创建资源服务

package com.dashi.springsecurityoauth.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableResourceServer;import org.springframework.security.oauth2.config.annotation.web.configuration.ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter;@Configuration@EnableResourceServerpublic class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter {    @Override    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {        http.authorizeRequests()                .anyRequest()                .authenticated()                .and()                .requestMatchers()          		//以/user开头的地址根据token访问资源                .antMatchers("/user/**");    }}

2.6启动服务访问地址

2.7上一步连接跳转到输入用户名和地址

2.8 点击允许受访问的资源,跳转到授权网站(),获取授权码

2.9 打开postman,填入下面内容获取token

2.10 通过token访问授保护的资源

参考文档:OAuth 2.0 的四种方式 - 阮一峰的网络日志 (ruanyifeng.com)

来源:

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