一提到英国广播公司（BBC）的纪录片，许多人都会立刻心生敬畏。

那些史诗般的画面、壮美的镜头、精良的制作，让人无比震撼。

《地球脉动》（Planet Earth）

《蓝色星球》（The Blue Planet）

然而近日，一则BBC纪录片造假的新闻刷屏，让网友们大呼幻灭……

多家外媒曝出BBC在2011年的纪录片《人类星球》（Human Planet）中，关于树屋部落的片段是假的，而BBC也已经承认造假。

《每日电讯报》：BBC《人类星球》因设计摆拍的树屋陷造假风波

《卫报》：BBC承认《人类星球》中树屋镜头为造假：巴布亚新几内亚部落建造树上高屋的镜头实为编导设计

来看报道：

Viewers of the BBC's Human Planet marvelled at the ingenuity of Papua New Guinea's Korowai people as they built a tree house high above the ground for a tribal family to use as their new home.

观看过BBC《人类星球》的人们都曾为巴布亚新几内亚科罗威人的聪明才智而赞叹不已，他们在远离地面的高处搭建了一个树屋，作为部落家族的新居所。

ingenuity [,ɪndʒɪ'njuːɪtɪ]：心灵手巧，独创性

The episode of the acclaimed documentary series proceeded to show the family moving into the tree house and setting up home there, 140 feet up amid the tall canopy of the rainforest.

这部口碑爆棚的纪录片在这一集中，讲述了这个家族搬进了树屋，在热带雨林中高耸42米的树冠之上安居生活。

acclaimed：备受推崇的，广受欢迎的

canopy ['kænəpi]：天蓬状的树冠；华盖

But it has now emerged that the entire sequence was staged for the cameras, plunging the BBC into a new row over fake programmes.

然而，现在曝出这整个片段都是为了镜头拍摄而设计搭建的，BBC因此陷入新一轮节目造假的争议中。

be staged：舞台演出的；有意安排的；摆拍

而这件事还是BBC自己人发现的：

The BBC said that during the making of a new documentary series for BBC2, entitled My Year With The Tribe, it emerged that the treehouse scene had been staged.

BBC表示，在BBC第二频道一部新的纪录片《我与部落居民居住的一年》拍摄的过程中，树屋场景的拍摄真相浮出水面。

探险家Will Millard随摄制组来到当年拍过《人类星球》的部落，当地人告诉他，树屋根本不是“我们的家”，“只是委托建造的”。

In the upcoming series Will Millard is seen visiting the same Korowai tribe, when - during a trip to a treehouse - they tell him the raised houses “are not our home” and that they were “commissioned for filming”.

在即将播出的新纪录片中，Will Millard造访了同一个科罗威人部落，在去往树屋的路上，当地人告诉他，那些高处搭建的房子“不是我们的家”，都是“被委托建造，用来拍摄的”。

commissioned：被委任的；现役的

Millard说:

“That’s why they’re worried (about) how many people come up here and we might fall through the floor. This is not where they live, this is total artifice”.

所以他们很担心我们这么多人跑上来，可能会踩塌地板掉下去。这里根本不是他们住的地方，完全是假的。

据了解，当地部落实际住的树屋其实离地面很近。

In fact the families live in tree houses built much closer to the ground, leaving the higher ones for ritual purposes, or simply meeting places for the tribe’s teenagers.

实际上，部落家族们住的树屋建造得离地面近得多，高处的那些树屋只是用来举行仪式的，或者是部落小孩子们碰面的地方。

The programme also failed to make it clear to viewers that the particular tree house filmed for that episode had been erected for the benefit of the cameras.

节目也没有说清楚，该集中的那个树屋是为了拍摄而专门建造的。

此新闻一出，引发媒体哗然，BBC也连忙发了声明：

The BBC has been alerted to a breach of editorial standards in an episode of Human Planetfrom 2011 which concerns the Korowai people of West Papua.

BBC被告知，2011年的纪录片《人类星球》中关于巴布亚新几内亚科罗威人的一集出现了违反编辑准则的情况。

breach：违背；违反

During the making of BBC Two's upcoming documentary series My Year With The Tribe, a member of the tribe discusses how they have built very high treehouses for the benefit of overseas programme makers.

在BBC第二频道的新纪录片《我与部落居民居住的一年》拍摄的过程中，一位部落成员谈到他们曾特意为海外节目组搭建高高的树屋。

The BBC has reviewed a sequence in Human Planet depicting this and found that the portrayal of the tribe moving into the treehouse as a real home is not accurate.

BBC重看了《人类星球》中描述部落居民生活的相关画面，发现关于部落居民搬进树屋居住的描述是不准确的。

Since this programme was broadcast in 2011, we have strengthened our mandatory training for all staff in editorial guidelines, standards and values.

自该节目于2011年播出以来，我们已经加强了我们所有员工在的编辑指导、准则和价值方面的强制培训。

BBC纪录片造假黑历史

这已经不是BBC纪录片第一次被曝出拍摄造假。下面这些被曝造假的纪录片镜头，看看有没有你曾经看过的。

➤ 《冰冻星球》（Frozen Planet）的北极熊

《冰冻星球》中有一幕北极熊母亲挖冰窟并在其中产仔的画面：

At one point, the camera follows a polar bear mother into the cave she just excavated deep into the ice.

有一段，镜头跟着北极熊妈妈进入了一个它刚挖好的冰窟。

Then the camera moves into the cave, where viewers enjoyed the tender scenes of the mom and her cubs.

接着镜头也进入了冰窟，观众看到了北极熊母子团聚的暖心画面。

cub：幼兽

毫无疑问，北极熊的母爱和幼崽的萌态瞬间暖化了大家的心。但是如果你看到主创人员的工作照你就不会这么觉得了……

没错，北极熊妈妈产仔的画面实际是在动物园里用假雪拍摄的。

“北极熊妈妈”挖的冰窟实际上是主创人员造出来的……

The scene was filmed in a zoo using fake snow. Mixing real Arctic shots with zoo scenes, documentary makers fooled the audience into believing the footage was gathered by intrepid cameramen in the brutal sub-zero wilderness.

这一画面是在动物园里用假雪进行拍摄的。画面将动物园和北极拍摄的镜头剪切起来，糊弄观众，让大家觉得这些画面是勇敢的主创人员在零度以下的野外环境拍摄的。

In reality, the den was made of plaster and wood beneath a German zoo’s polar bear enclosure. It was fitted with cameras shortly before the cubs’ birth.

实际上，这个冰窟是用灰泥和木头在一家德国动物园的北极熊圈建的，在北极熊产仔前架好了摄像机。

“英国赵忠祥”，国宝级解说员大卫·阿滕伯勒对此表态，这样做是“为了动物的安全”（for the safety of the animal）。

If you had tried to put a camera in the wild in a polar bear den, she would either have killed the cub or she would have killed the cameraman, one or the other.

如果你真的把镜头对准北极熊的冰窟，北极熊要么会杀了幼崽，要么会杀了摄影师。

➤《人类星球》（Human Planet）的“野生狼”

在纪录片《人类星球》中，因为当场找不到可以拍摄的狼（producers failed to find any wolves to film on location），他们找了一只半驯化的狼。

The footage, broadcast as part of the acclaimed Human Planet series, saw two Mongolian camel herders firing shots in the direction of the so-called wild animal as it tore across the plains of the Gobi desert before discussing their frustration when they failed to kill it.

在《人类星球》的画面中，在一只“野狼”仓皇穿过戈壁沙漠平原时，两个蒙古骆驼牧人向着它开枪，后来两人叹息并没射中它。

But the BBC has admitted that in fact, the semi-domesticated wolf had been let off a lead just off camera and was simply running to its handler, who was out of shot.

但后来BBC承认，实际拍摄场景是，这只半驯养的狼刚刚被放出来，正跑向它的饲养员，而饲养员就在镜头外……

➤ 《地球秘密乐园》（Earth’s Secret Paradise）火山

这部纪录片里有一幕非常惊艳的自然景观：火山爆发之时，在漫天的灰云中，有一道瑰丽的闪电。

The programme purported to show a “dirty thunderstorm” above the Calbuco volcano in southern Chile, with flashes of lighting within clouds of ash.

节目有一幕据称展现的是智利南部的卡尔布科火山上端火山灰云中的闪电。

BBC还在推特上说，我们这闪电“火了”（gone viral）。

但实际上，这是合成的……

The lightning strikes were superimposed to the ash cloud to make the footage more dramatic. The main Calbuco volcano eruption was captured by the BBC in 2015 and the lightning shots were taken by a Chilean photographer in 2011 of a different volcano.

原来闪电是被叠加到火山灰云上的，让画面具有了戏剧性的效果。火山爆发是2015年拍摄的，而闪电是智利的摄影师2011年在另一座火山拍到的。

➤ 2015年 《地球脉动》（Planet Earth）

《地球脉动》中，有一幕以一只鹰的视角，展现令人惊叹的雪山景观。

但实际上，这是用一只驯养的鸟拍摄的……

《地球脉动2》中令人惊叹的鹰的画面是假的！BBC炫耀从高空跳伞的摄影师的冒险尝试，但却没有说，关键的镜头都是由一只来自野生动物保护区的叫Slovak的鹰拍摄的。

The BBC has revealed that breathtaking Planet Earth IIfootage that appeared to show a wild golden eagle's view of a mountainous habitat was actually filmed using a captive bird that lives in a wildlife sanctuary in France.

BBC透露，这一令人屏息的从鹰的视角拍摄山地的画面实际是用法国的野生动物保护区的一只鹰拍摄的。

The tame eagle, known as Slovak, was filmed swooping over the Alps at speeds of up to 200mph - taking viewers with it via a 'lipstick' camera strapped to its back.

这只驯化的鹰叫Slovak，背后带着一个“口红式”摄像机以最高可达200英里的时速在阿尔卑斯山脉一带俯冲，带观众一起领略刺激风景。

不知道BBC这样拍纪录片，你怎么看？

编辑：左卓 李雪晴