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Nginx + Keepalived 高可用

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说明高可用 HA(High Availability),简单讲就是:我某个应用挂了,自动有另外应用起来接着扛着,致使整个服务对外来看是没有中断过的。这里的重点就是不中断,致使公司整个业务能不断进行中,把影响减到最小,赚得更多。因为要不中断,所以我们就需要用到了 Keepalived。Keepalived 一般不会单独使用,基本都是跟负载均衡软件(LVS、HAProxy、Nginx)一起工作来达到集群的高可用效果。Keepalived 有双主、主备方案常用词:心跳:Master 会主动给 Backup 发送心跳检测包以及对外的网络功能,而 Backup 负责接收 Master 的心跳检测包,随时准备接管主机。为什么叫心跳不知道,但是挺形象的,心跳同步。选举:Keepalived 配置的时候可以指定各台主机优先级,Master 挂了,各台 Backup 要选举出一个新的 Master。Keepalived官网:官网下载:官网文档:搭建软件版本:Nginx:1.8.1Keepalived:1.2.20JDK:8u72Tomcat:8.0.32部署环境(下文中以第几台来代表这些主机):虚拟 IP(VIP):192.168.1.50第一台主机:Nginx 1 + Keepalived 1 == 192.168.1.120(Master)第二台主机:Nginx 2 + Keepalived 2 == 192.168.1.121(Backup)第三台主机:Tomcat 1 == 192.168.1.122(Web 1)第四台主机:Tomcat 2 == 192.168.1.123(Web 2)所有机子进行时间校准:NTP(Network Time Protocol)介绍第三、第四台主机部署:JDK 的安装:JDK 安装Tomcat 的安装:Tomcat 安装和配置、优化第一、二台主机部署(两台部署内容一样):Nginx 的安装:Nginx 安装和配置添加虚拟 IP:复制一个网卡信息:sudo cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0编辑配置文件:sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0修改内容为如下信息:

DEVICE=eth0:0 >>> 这个需要修改TYPE=EthernetUUID=8ddbb256-caab-4ddf-8e9a-6527b4ac5a26ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=yesBOOTPROTO=noneIPADDR=192.168.1.50 >>> 这个需要修改PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1DNS1=101.226.4.6DEFROUTE=yesIPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yesIPV6INIT=noNAME="System eth0:0" >>> 这个需要修改HWADDR=00:0c:29:f4:17:dbLAST_CONNECT=1460213205
重启网卡服务:service network restart如果你要绑定更多虚拟 IP,则多复制几个网卡配置出来,命名如下:ifcfg-eth0:0,ifcfg-eth0:1,ifcfg-eth0:2 ......Keepalived 开始安装安装依赖:sudo yum install -y gcc openssl-devel popt-devel解压包:cd /opt/setups/ ; tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.20.tar.gz编译:cd /opt/setups/keepalived-1.2.20 ; ./configure --prefix=/usr/program/keepalived编译安装:make && make installKeepalived 设置服务和随机启动复制配置文件到启动脚本目录:cp /usr/program/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived增加权限:chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived编辑配置文件:vim /etc/init.d/keepalived
把 15 行的:. /etc/sysconfig/keepalived,改为:. /usr/program/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived(注意:前面有一个点和空格需要注意)
添加环境变量:vim /etc/profile
# Keepalived 配置KEEPALIVED_HOME=/usr/program/keepalivedPATH=$PATH:$KEEPALIVED_HOME/sbinexport KEEPALIVED_HOMEexport PATH
刷新环境变量:source /etc/profile检测环境变量:keepalived -vln -s /usr/program/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/vim /usr/program/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
把 14 行的:KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D",改为:KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS="-D -f /usr/program/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf"
加入随机启动:chkconfig keepalived on第一、二台主机配置(两台在 Keepalived 配置上稍微有不一样):健康监测脚本(我个人放在:/opt/bash 目录下):nginx_check.sh健康监测脚本添加执行权限:chmod 755 /opt/bash/nginx_check.sh运行监测脚本,看下是否有问题:sh /opt/bash/nginx_check.sh,如果没有报错,则表示改脚本没有问题这个脚本很重要,如果脚本没法用,在启用 Keepalived 的时候可能会报:Keepalived_vrrp[5684]: pid 5959 exited with status 1nginx 配置(两台一样配置):
worker_processes 1;events { worker_connections 1024;}http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; # (重点) upstream tomcatCluster { server 192.168.1.122:8080 weight=1; server 192.168.1.123:8080 weight=1; } # (重点) server { listen 80; server_name 192.168.1.50; location / { proxy_pass ; index index.html index.htm; } }}
Keepalived 配置文件编辑(第一、二台配置稍微不同,不同点具体看下面重点说明)编辑:vim /usr/program/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived# 全局配置global_defs { # 邮箱通知配置,keepalived 在发生切换时需要发送 email 到的对象,一行一个 notification_email { #acassen@firewall.loc #failover@firewall.loc #sysadmin@firewall.loc } # 指定发件人 #notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc # 指定smtp服务器地址 #smtp_server 192.168.200.1 # 指定smtp连接超时时间,单位秒 #smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr vrrp_strict}# (重点)脚本监控实现vrrp_script check_nginx { # 运行脚本 script "/opt/bash/nginx_check.sh" # 时间间隔,2秒 interval 2 # 权重 weight 2}vrrp_instance VI_1 { # (重点)Backup 机子这里是设置为:BACKUP state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 # (重点)Backup 机子要小于当前 Master 设置的 100,建议设置为 99 priority 100 # Master 与 Backup 负载均衡器之间同步检查的时间间隔,单位是秒 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } # (重点)配置虚拟 IP 地址,如果有多个则一行一个 virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.1.50 } # (重点)脚本监控调用 track_script { check_nginx }}
启动各自服务四台机子都停掉防火墙:service iptables stop先启动两台 Tomcat:sh /usr/program/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh ; tail -200f /usr/program/tomcat8/logs/catalina.out检查两台 Tomcat 是否可以单独访问,最好给首页加上不同标识,好方便等下确认是否有负载启动两台 Nginx 服务:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx启动两台 Keepalived 服务:service keepalived start查看 Master 和 Backup 两台主机的对应日志:tail -f /var/log/messages高可用测试模拟 Keepalived 挂掉关闭 Master 主机的 Keepalived,查看 Master 和 Backup 两台主机的对应日志:tail -f /var/log/messages关闭服务:service keepalived stop如果第二台机接管了,则表示成功重新开启 Master 主机的 Keepalived,查看 Master 和 Backup 两台主机的对应日志:tail -f /var/log/messages重启服务:service keepalived restart如果第一台机重新接管了,则表示成功模拟 Nginx 挂掉关闭 Master 主机的 Nginx,查看 Master 和 Backup 两台主机的对应日志:tail -f /var/log/messages关闭服务:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop如果第二台机接管了,则表示成功重新开启 Master 主机的 Nginx,查看 Master 和 Backup 两台主机的对应日志:tail -f /var/log/messages重启 Nginx 服务:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload重启 Keepalived 服务:service keepalived restart如果第一台机重新接管了,则表示成功可以优化的地方,改为双主热备,监控脚本上带有自启动相关细节,后续再进行。日志中常用的几句话解释:Entering to MASTER STATE,变成 Master 状态Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.50 added,一般变为 Master 状态,都要重新加入虚拟 IP,一般叫法叫做:虚拟 IP 重新漂移到 Master 机子上Entering BACKUP STATE,变成 Backup 状态Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.50 removed,一般变为 Backup 状态,都要移出虚拟 IP,一般叫法叫做:虚拟 IP 重新漂移到 Master 机子上VRRP_Script(check_nginx) succeeded,监控脚本执行成功资料

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