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代理网关设计与实现(基于NETTY)

充满元气的java爱好者 473

前言:

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一 问题背景

平台端购置一批裸代理,来做广告异地展现审核。从外部购置的代理,使用方式为:

通过给定的HTTPAPI 提取代理 IP:PORT,返回的结果会给出代理的有效时长 3~5 分钟,以及代理所属地域;从提取的代理中,选取指定地域,添加认证信息,请求获取结果;

本文设计实现一个通过的代理网关:

管理维护代理资源,并做代理的认证鉴权;对外暴露统一的代理入口,而非动态变化的代理IP:PORT;流量过滤及限流,比如:静态资源不走代理;

本文重点在代理网关本身的设计与实现,而非代理资源的管理与维护。

注:本文包含大量可执行的JAVA代码以解释代理相关的原理

二 技术路线

本文的技术路线。在实现代理网关之前,首先介绍下代理相关的原理及如何实现

透明代理;非透明代理;透明的上游代理;非透明的上游代理;

最后,本文要构建代理网关,本质上就是一个非透明的上游代理,并给出详细的设计与实现。

1 透明代理

透明代理是代理网关的基础,本文采用JAVA原生的NIO进行详细介绍。在实现代理网关时,实际使用的为NETTY框架。原生NIO的实现对理解NETTY的实现有帮助。

透明代理设计三个交互方,客户端、代理服务、服务端,其原理是:

代理服务在收到连接请求时,判定:如果是CONNECT请求,需要回应代理连接成功消息到客户端;CONNECT请求回应结束后,代理服务需要连接到CONNECT指定的远程服务器,然后直接转发客户端和远程服务通信;代理服务在收到非CONNECT请求时,需要解析出请求的远程服务器,然后直接转发客户端和远程服务通信;

需要注意的点是:

通常HTTPS请求,在通过代理前,会发送CONNECT请求;连接成功后,会在信道上进行加密通信的握手协议;因此连接远程的时机是在CONNECT请求收到时,因为此后是加密数据;透明代理在收到CONNECT请求时,不需要传递到远程服务(远程服务不识别此请求);透明代理在收到非CONNECT请求时,要无条件转发;

完整的透明代理的实现不到约300行代码,完整摘录如下:

@Slf4jpublic class SimpleTransProxy {    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {        int port = 8006;        ServerSocketChannel localServer = ServerSocketChannel.open();        localServer.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));        Reactor reactor = new Reactor();        // REACTOR线程        GlobalThreadPool.REACTOR_EXECUTOR.submit(reactor::run);        // WORKER单线程调试        while (localServer.isOpen()) {            // 此处阻塞等待连接            SocketChannel remoteClient = localServer.accept();            // 工作线程            GlobalThreadPool.WORK_EXECUTOR.submit(new Runnable() {                @SneakyThrows                @Override                public void run() {                    // 代理到远程                    SocketChannel remoteServer = new ProxyHandler().proxy(remoteClient);                    // 透明传输                    reactor.pipe(remoteClient, remoteServer)                            .pipe(remoteServer, remoteClient);                }            });        }    }}@Dataclass ProxyHandler {    private String method;    private String host;    private int port;    private SocketChannel remoteServer;    private SocketChannel remoteClient;    /**     * 原始信息     */    private List<ByteBuffer> buffers = new ArrayList<>();    private StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();    /**     * 连接到远程     * @param remoteClient     * @return     * @throws IOException     */    public SocketChannel proxy(SocketChannel remoteClient) throws IOException {        this.remoteClient = remoteClient;        connect();        return this.remoteServer;    }    public void connect() throws IOException {        // 解析METHOD, HOST和PORT        beforeConnected();        // 链接REMOTE SERVER        createRemoteServer();        // CONNECT请求回应,其他请求WRITE THROUGH        afterConnected();    }    protected void beforeConnected() throws IOException {        // 读取HEADER        readAllHeader();        // 解析HOST和PORT        parseRemoteHostAndPort();    }    /**     * 创建远程连接     * @throws IOException     */    protected void createRemoteServer() throws IOException {        remoteServer = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress(host, port));    }    /**     * 连接建立后预处理     * @throws IOException     */    protected void afterConnected() throws IOException {        // 当CONNECT请求时,默认写入200到CLIENT        if ("CONNECT".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {            // CONNECT默认为443端口,根据HOST再解析            remoteClient.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("HTTP/1.0 200 Connection Established\r\nProxy-agent: nginx\r\n\r\n".getBytes()));        } else {            writeThrouth();        }    }    protected void writeThrouth() {        buffers.forEach(byteBuffer -> {            try {                remoteServer.write(byteBuffer);            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        });    }    /**     * 读取请求内容     * @throws IOException     */    protected void readAllHeader() throws IOException {        while (true) {            ByteBuffer clientBuffer = newByteBuffer();            int read = remoteClient.read(clientBuffer);            clientBuffer.flip();            appendClientBuffer(clientBuffer);            if (read < clientBuffer.capacity()) {                break;            }        }    }    /**     * 解析出HOST和PROT     * @throws IOException     */    protected void parseRemoteHostAndPort() throws IOException {        // 读取第一批,获取到METHOD        method = parseRequestMethod(stringBuilder.toString());        // 默认为80端口,根据HOST再解析        port = 80;        if ("CONNECT".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {            port = 443;        }        this.host = parseHost(stringBuilder.toString());        URI remoteServerURI = URI.create(host);        host = remoteServerURI.getHost();        if (remoteServerURI.getPort() > 0) {            port = remoteServerURI.getPort();        }    }    protected void appendClientBuffer(ByteBuffer clientBuffer) {        buffers.add(clientBuffer);        stringBuilder.append(new String(clientBuffer.array(), clientBuffer.position(), clientBuffer.limit()));    }    protected static ByteBuffer newByteBuffer() {        // buffer必须大于7,保证能读到method        return ByteBuffer.allocate(128);    }    private static String parseRequestMethod(String rawContent) {        // create uri        return rawContent.split("\r\n")[0].split(" ")[0];    }    private static String parseHost(String rawContent) {        String[] headers = rawContent.split("\r\n");        String host = "host:";        for (String header : headers) {            if (header.length() > host.length()) {                String key = header.substring(0, host.length());                String value = header.substring(host.length()).trim();                if (host.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {                    if (!value.startsWith(";) && !value.startsWith(";)) {                        value = "; + value;                    }                    return value;                }            }        }        return "";    }}@Slf4j@Dataclass Reactor {    private Selector selector;    private volatile boolean finish = false;    @SneakyThrows    public Reactor() {        selector = Selector.open();    }    @SneakyThrows    public Reactor pipe(SocketChannel from, SocketChannel to) {        from.configureBlocking(false);        from.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, new SocketPipe(this, from, to));        return this;    }    @SneakyThrows    public void run() {        try {            while (!finish) {                if (selector.selectNow() > 0) {                    Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();                    while (it.hasNext()) {                        SelectionKey selectionKey = it.next();                        if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isReadable()) {                            ((SocketPipe) selectionKey.attachment()).pipe();                        }                        it.remove();                    }                }            }        } finally {            close();        }    }    @SneakyThrows    public synchronized void close() {        if (finish) {            return;        }        finish = true;        if (!selector.isOpen()) {            return;        }        for (SelectionKey key : selector.keys()) {            closeChannel(key.channel());            key.cancel();        }        if (selector != null) {            selector.close();        }    }    public void cancel(SelectableChannel channel) {        SelectionKey key = channel.keyFor(selector);        if (Objects.isNull(key)) {            return;        }        key.cancel();    }    @SneakyThrows    public void closeChannel(Channel channel) {        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)channel;        if (socketChannel.isConnected() && socketChannel.isOpen()) {            socketChannel.shutdownOutput();            socketChannel.shutdownInput();        }        socketChannel.close();    }}@Data@AllArgsConstructorclass SocketPipe {    private Reactor reactor;    private SocketChannel from;    private SocketChannel to;    @SneakyThrows    public void pipe() {        // 取消监听        clearInterestOps();        GlobalThreadPool.PIPE_EXECUTOR.submit(new Runnable() {            @SneakyThrows            @Override            public void run() {                int totalBytesRead = 0;                ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);                while (valid(from) && valid(to)) {                    byteBuffer.clear();                    int bytesRead = from.read(byteBuffer);                    totalBytesRead = totalBytesRead + bytesRead;                    byteBuffer.flip();                    to.write(byteBuffer);                    if (bytesRead < byteBuffer.capacity()) {                        break;                    }                }                if (totalBytesRead < 0) {                    reactor.closeChannel(from);                    reactor.cancel(from);                } else {                    // 重置监听                    resetInterestOps();                }            }        });    }    protected void clearInterestOps() {        from.keyFor(reactor.getSelector()).interestOps(0);        to.keyFor(reactor.getSelector()).interestOps(0);    }    protected void resetInterestOps() {        from.keyFor(reactor.getSelector()).interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);        to.keyFor(reactor.getSelector()).interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);    }    private boolean valid(SocketChannel channel) {        return channel.isConnected() && channel.isRegistered() && channel.isOpen();    }}

以上,借鉴NETTY

首先初始化REACTOR线程,然后开启代理监听,当收到代理请求时处理。代理服务在收到代理请求时,首先做代理的预处理,然后又SocketPipe做客户端和远程服务端双向转发。代理预处理,首先读取第一个HTTP请求,解析出METHOD, HOST, PORT如果是CONNECT请求,发送回应Connection Established,然后连接远程服务端,并返回SocketChannel如果是非CONNECT请求,连接远程服务端,写入原始请求,并返回SocketChannelSocketPipe在客户端和远程服务端,做双向的转发;其本身是将客户端和服务端的SocketChannel注册到REACTORREACTOR在监测到READABLECHANNEL,派发给SocketPipe做双向转发。

测试

代理的测试比较简单,指向代码后,代理服务监听8006端口,此时:

curl -x 'localhost:8006' 测试HTTP请求

curl -x 'localhost:8006' 测试HTTPS请求

注意,此时代理服务代理了HTTPS请求,但是并不需要-k选项,指示非安全的代理。因为代理服务本身并没有作为一个中间人,并没有解析出客户端和远程服务端通信的内容。在非透明代理时,需要解决这个问题。

2 非透明代理

非透明代理,需要解析出客户端和远程服务端传输的内容,并做相应的处理。

当传输为HTTP协议时,SocketPipe传输的数据即为明文的数据,可以拦截后直接做处理。

当传输为HTTPS协议时,SocketPipe传输的有效数据为加密数据,并不能透明处理。

另外,无论是传输的HTTP协议还是HTTPS协议,SocketPipe读到的都为非完整的数据,需要做聚批的处理。

SocketPipe聚批问题,可以采用类似BufferedInputStreamInputStreamDecorate的模式来实现,相对比较简单;详细可以参考NETTYHttpObjectAggregatorHTTPS原始请求和结果数据的加密和解密的处理,需要实现的NIOSOCKET CHANNEL;SslSocketChannel封装原理

考虑到目前JDK自带的NIOSocketChannel并不支持SSL;已有的SSLSocket是阻塞的OIO。如图:

可以看出

每次入站数据和出站数据都需要 SSL SESSION 做握手;入站数据做解密,出站数据做加密;握手,数据加密和数据解密是统一的一套状态机;

以下,代码实现 SslSocketChannel

public class SslSocketChannel {    /**     * 握手加解密需要的四个存储     */    protected ByteBuffer myAppData; // 明文    protected ByteBuffer myNetData; // 密文    protected ByteBuffer peerAppData; // 明文    protected ByteBuffer peerNetData; // 密文    /**     * 握手加解密过程中用到的异步执行器     */    protected ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();    /**     * 原NIO 的 CHANNEL     */    protected SocketChannel socketChannel;    /**     * SSL 引擎     */    protected SSLEngine engine;    public SslSocketChannel(SSLContext context, SocketChannel socketChannel, boolean clientMode) throws Exception {        // 原始的NIO SOCKET        this.socketChannel = socketChannel;        // 初始化BUFFER        SSLSession dummySession = context.createSSLEngine().getSession();        myAppData = ByteBuffer.allocate(dummySession.getApplicationBufferSize());        myNetData = ByteBuffer.allocate(dummySession.getPacketBufferSize());        peerAppData = ByteBuffer.allocate(dummySession.getApplicationBufferSize());        peerNetData = ByteBuffer.allocate(dummySession.getPacketBufferSize());        dummySession.invalidate();        engine = context.createSSLEngine();        engine.setUseClientMode(clientMode);        engine.beginHandshake();    }    /**     * 参考      * 实现的 SSL 的握手协议     * @return     * @throws IOException     */    protected boolean doHandshake() throws IOException {        SSLEngineResult result;        HandshakeStatus handshakeStatus;        int appBufferSize = engine.getSession().getApplicationBufferSize();        ByteBuffer myAppData = ByteBuffer.allocate(appBufferSize);        ByteBuffer peerAppData = ByteBuffer.allocate(appBufferSize);        myNetData.clear();        peerNetData.clear();        handshakeStatus = engine.getHandshakeStatus();        while (handshakeStatus != HandshakeStatus.FINISHED && handshakeStatus != HandshakeStatus.NOT_HANDSHAKING) {            switch (handshakeStatus) {                case NEED_UNWRAP:                    if (socketChannel.read(peerNetData) < 0) {                        if (engine.isInboundDone() && engine.isOutboundDone()) {                            return false;                        }                        try {                            engine.closeInbound();                        } catch (SSLException e) {                            log.debug("收到END OF STREAM,关闭连接.", e);                        }                        engine.closeOutbound();                        handshakeStatus = engine.getHandshakeStatus();                        break;                    }                    peerNetData.flip();                    try {                        result = engine.unwrap(peerNetData, peerAppData);                        peerNetData.compact();                        handshakeStatus = result.getHandshakeStatus();                    } catch (SSLException sslException) {                        engine.closeOutbound();                        handshakeStatus = engine.getHandshakeStatus();                        break;                    }                    switch (result.getStatus()) {                        case OK:                            break;                        case BUFFER_OVERFLOW:                            peerAppData = enlargeApplicationBuffer(engine, peerAppData);                            break;                        case BUFFER_UNDERFLOW:                            peerNetData = handleBufferUnderflow(engine, peerNetData);                            break;                        case CLOSED:                            if (engine.isOutboundDone()) {                                return false;                            } else {                                engine.closeOutbound();                                handshakeStatus = engine.getHandshakeStatus();                                break;                            }                        default:                            throw new IllegalStateException("无效的握手状态: " + result.getStatus());                    }                    break;                case NEED_WRAP:                    myNetData.clear();                    try {                        result = engine.wrap(myAppData, myNetData);                        handshakeStatus = result.getHandshakeStatus();                    } catch (SSLException sslException) {                        engine.closeOutbound();                        handshakeStatus = engine.getHandshakeStatus();                        break;                    }                    switch (result.getStatus()) {                        case OK :                            myNetData.flip();                            while (myNetData.hasRemaining()) {                                socketChannel.write(myNetData);                            }                            break;                        case BUFFER_OVERFLOW:                            myNetData = enlargePacketBuffer(engine, myNetData);                            break;                        case BUFFER_UNDERFLOW:                            throw new SSLException("加密后消息内容为空,报错");                        case CLOSED:                            try {                                myNetData.flip();                                while (myNetData.hasRemaining()) {                                    socketChannel.write(myNetData);                                }                                peerNetData.clear();                            } catch (Exception e) {                                handshakeStatus = engine.getHandshakeStatus();                            }                            break;                        default:                            throw new IllegalStateException("无效的握手状态: " + result.getStatus());                    }                    break;                case NEED_TASK:                    Runnable task;                    while ((task = engine.getDelegatedTask()) != null) {                        executor.execute(task);                    }                    handshakeStatus = engine.getHandshakeStatus();                    break;                case FINISHED:                    break;                case NOT_HANDSHAKING:                    break;                default:                    throw new IllegalStateException("无效的握手状态: " + handshakeStatus);            }        }        return true;    }    /**     * 参考      * 实现的 SSL 的传输读取协议     * @param consumer     * @throws IOException     */    public void read(Consumer<ByteBuffer> consumer) throws IOException {        // BUFFER初始化        peerNetData.clear();        int bytesRead = socketChannel.read(peerNetData);        if (bytesRead > 0) {            peerNetData.flip();            while (peerNetData.hasRemaining()) {                peerAppData.clear();                SSLEngineResult result = engine.unwrap(peerNetData, peerAppData);                switch (result.getStatus()) {                    case OK:                        log.debug("收到远程的返回结果消息为:" + new String(peerAppData.array(), 0, peerAppData.position()));                        consumer.accept(peerAppData);                        peerAppData.flip();                        break;                    case BUFFER_OVERFLOW:                        peerAppData = enlargeApplicationBuffer(engine, peerAppData);                        break;                    case BUFFER_UNDERFLOW:                        peerNetData = handleBufferUnderflow(engine, peerNetData);                        break;                    case CLOSED:                        log.debug("收到远程连接关闭消息.");                        closeConnection();                        return;                    default:                        throw new IllegalStateException("无效的握手状态: " + result.getStatus());                }            }        } else if (bytesRead < 0) {            log.debug("收到END OF STREAM,关闭连接.");            handleEndOfStream();        }    }    public void write(String message) throws IOException {        write(ByteBuffer.wrap(message.getBytes()));    }    /**     * 参考      * 实现的 SSL 的传输写入协议     * @param message     * @throws IOException     */    public void write(ByteBuffer message) throws IOException {        myAppData.clear();        myAppData.put(message);        myAppData.flip();        while (myAppData.hasRemaining()) {            myNetData.clear();            SSLEngineResult result = engine.wrap(myAppData, myNetData);            switch (result.getStatus()) {                case OK:                    myNetData.flip();                    while (myNetData.hasRemaining()) {                        socketChannel.write(myNetData);                    }                    log.debug("写入远程的消息为: {}", message);                    break;                case BUFFER_OVERFLOW:                    myNetData = enlargePacketBuffer(engine, myNetData);                    break;                case BUFFER_UNDERFLOW:                    throw new SSLException("加密后消息内容为空.");                case CLOSED:                    closeConnection();                    return;                default:                    throw new IllegalStateException("无效的握手状态: " + result.getStatus());            }        }    }    /**     * 关闭连接     * @throws IOException     */    public void closeConnection() throws IOException  {        engine.closeOutbound();        doHandshake();        socketChannel.close();        executor.shutdown();    }    /**     * END OF STREAM(-1)默认是关闭连接     * @throws IOException     */    protected void handleEndOfStream() throws IOException  {        try {            engine.closeInbound();        } catch (Exception e) {            log.error("END OF STREAM 关闭失败.", e);        }        closeConnection();    }}

以上:

基于 SSL 协议,实现统一的握手动作;分别实现读取的解密,和写入的加密方法;SslSocketChannel 实现为 SocketChannelDecorator;

SslSocketChannel测试服务端

基于以上封装,简单测试服务端如下

@Slf4jpublic class NioSslServer {    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        NioSslServer sslServer = new NioSslServer("127.0.0.1", 8006);        sslServer.start();        // 使用 curl -vv -k '; 连接    }    private SSLContext context;    private Selector selector;    public NioSslServer(String hostAddress, int port) throws Exception {        // 初始化SSL Context        context = serverSSLContext();        // 注册监听器        selector = SelectorProvider.provider().openSelector();        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();        serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);        serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(hostAddress, port));        serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);    }    public void start() throws Exception {        log.debug("等待连接中.");        while (true) {            selector.select();            Iterator<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();            while (selectedKeys.hasNext()) {                SelectionKey key = selectedKeys.next();                selectedKeys.remove();                if (!key.isValid()) {                    continue;                }                if (key.isAcceptable()) {                    accept(key);                } else if (key.isReadable()) {                    ((SslSocketChannel)key.attachment()).read(buf->{});                    // 直接回应一个OK                    ((SslSocketChannel)key.attachment()).write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\nOK\r\n\r\n");                    ((SslSocketChannel)key.attachment()).closeConnection();                }            }        }    }    private void accept(SelectionKey key) throws Exception {        log.debug("接收新的请求.");        SocketChannel socketChannel = ((ServerSocketChannel)key.channel()).accept();        socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);        SslSocketChannel sslSocketChannel = new SslSocketChannel(context, socketChannel, false);        if (sslSocketChannel.doHandshake()) {            socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, sslSocketChannel);        } else {            socketChannel.close();            log.debug("握手失败,关闭连接.");        }    }}

以上:

由于是NIO,简单的测试需要用到NIO的基础组件Selector进行测试;首先初始化ServerSocketChannel,监听8006端口;接收到请求后,将SocketChannel封装为SslSocketChannel,注册到Selector接收到数据后,通过SslSocketChannelreadwrite

SslSocketChannel测试客户端

基于以上服务端封装,简单测试客户端如下

@Slf4jpublic class NioSslClient {    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        NioSslClient sslClient = new NioSslClient("httpbin.org", 443);        sslClient.connect();        // 请求 ';    }    private String remoteAddress;    private int port;    private SSLEngine engine;    private SocketChannel socketChannel;    private SSLContext context;    /**     * 需要远程的HOST和PORT     * @param remoteAddress     * @param port     * @throws Exception     */    public NioSslClient(String remoteAddress, int port) throws Exception {        this.remoteAddress = remoteAddress;        this.port = port;        context = clientSSLContext();        engine = context.createSSLEngine(remoteAddress, port);        engine.setUseClientMode(true);    }    public boolean connect() throws Exception {        socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();        socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);        socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(remoteAddress, port));        while (!socketChannel.finishConnect()) {            // 通过REACTOR,不会出现等待情况            //log.debug("连接中..");        }        SslSocketChannel sslSocketChannel = new SslSocketChannel(context, socketChannel, true);        sslSocketChannel.doHandshake();        // 握手完成后,开启SELECTOR        Selector selector = SelectorProvider.provider().openSelector();        socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, sslSocketChannel);        // 写入请求        sslSocketChannel.write("GET /get HTTP/1.1\r\n"            + "Host: httpbin.org:443\r\n"            + "User-Agent: curl/7.62.0\r\n"            + "Accept: */*\r\n"            + "\r\n");        // 读取结果        while (true) {            selector.select();            Iterator<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();            while (selectedKeys.hasNext()) {                SelectionKey key = selectedKeys.next();                selectedKeys.remove();                if (key.isValid() && key.isReadable()) {                    ((SslSocketChannel)key.attachment()).read(buf->{                        log.info("{}", new String(buf.array(), 0, buf.position()));                    });                    ((SslSocketChannel)key.attachment()).closeConnection();                    return true;                }            }        }    }}

以上:

客户端的封装测试,是为了验证封装 SSL 协议双向都是OK的,在后文的非透明上游代理中,会同时使用 SslSocketChannel做服务端和客户端以上封装与服务端封装类似,不同的是初始化 SocketChannel,做connect而非bind总结

以上:

非透明代理需要拿到完整的请求数据,可以通过 Decorator模式,聚批实现;非透明代理需要拿到解密后的HTTPS请求数据,可以通过SslSocketChannel对原始的SocketChannel做封装实现;最后,拿到请求后,做相应的处理,最终实现非透明的代理。3 透明上游代理

透明上游代理相比透明代理要简单,区别是

透明代理需要响应 CONNECT请求,透明上游代理不需要,直接转发即可;透明代理需要解析CONNECT请求中的HOST和PORT,并连接服务端;透明上游代理只需要连接下游代理的IP:PORT,直接转发请求即可;透明的上游代理,只是一个简单的SocketChannel管道;确定下游的代理服务端,连接转发请求;

只需要对透明代理做以上简单的修改,即可实现透明的上游代理。

4 非透明上游代理

非透明的上游代理,相比非透明的代理要复杂一些

以上,分为四个组件:客户端,代理服务(ServerHandler),代理服务(ClientHandler),服务端

如果是HTTP的请求,数据直接通过 客户端<->ServerHandler<->ClientHandler<->服务端,代理网关只需要做简单的请求聚批,就可以应用相应的管理策略;如果是HTTPS请求,代理作为客户端和服务端的中间人,只能拿到加密的数据;因此,代理网关需要作为HTTPS的服务方与客户端通信;然后作为HTTPS的客户端与服务端通信;代理作为HTTPS服务方时,需要考虑到其本身是个非透明的代理,需要实现非透明代理相关的协议;代理作为HTTPS客户端时,需要考虑到其下游是个透明的代理,真正的服务方是客户端请求的服务方;三 设计与实现

本文需要构建的是非透明上游代理,以下采用NETTY框架给出详细的设计实现。上文将统一代理网关分为两大部分,ServerHandlerClientHandler,以下

介绍代理网关服务端相关实现;介绍代理网关客户端相关实现;1 代理网关服务端

主要包括

初始化代理网关服务端初始化服务端处理器服务端协议升级与处理

初始化代理网关服务

    public void start() {        HookedExecutors.newSingleThreadExecutor().submit(() ->{            log.info("开始启动代理服务器,监听端口:{}", auditProxyConfig.getProxyServerPort());            EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(auditProxyConfig.getBossThreadCount());            EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(auditProxyConfig.getWorkThreadCount());            try {                ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();                b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)                    .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG))                    .childHandler(new ServerChannelInitializer(auditProxyConfig))                    .bind(auditProxyConfig.getProxyServerPort()).sync().channel().closeFuture().sync();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                log.error("代理服务器被中断.", e);                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();            } finally {                bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();                workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();            }        });    }

代理网关初始化相对简单,

bossGroup线程组,负责接收请求workerGroup线程组,负责处理接收的请求数据,具体处理逻辑封装在ServerChannelInitializer中。

代理网关服务的请求处理器在 ServerChannelInitializer中定义为

    @Override    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {        ch.pipeline()            .addLast(new HttpRequestDecoder())            .addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(auditProxyConfig.getMaxRequestSize()))            .addLast(new ServerChannelHandler(auditProxyConfig));    }

首先解析HTTP请求,然后做聚批的处理,最后ServerChannelHandler实现代理网关协议;

代理网关协议:

判定是否是CONNECT请求,如果是,会存储CONNECT请求;暂停读取,发送代理成功的响应,并在回应成功后,升级协议;升级引擎,本质上是采用SslSocketChannel对原SocketChannel做透明的封装;最后根据CONNECT请求连接远程服务端;

详细实现为:

    @Override    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {        FullHttpRequest request = (FullHttpRequest)msg;        try {            if (isConnectRequest(request)) {                // CONNECT 请求,存储待处理                saveConnectRequest(ctx, request);                // 禁止读取                ctx.channel().config().setAutoRead(false);                // 发送回应                connectionEstablished(ctx, ctx.newPromise().addListener(future -> {                    if (future.isSuccess()) {                        // 升级                        if (isSslRequest(request) && !isUpgraded(ctx)) {                            upgrade(ctx);                        }                        // 开放消息读取                        ctx.channel().config().setAutoRead(true);                        ctx.read();                    }                }));            } else {                // 其他请求,判定是否已升级                if (!isUpgraded(ctx)) {                    // 升级引擎                    upgrade(ctx);                }                // 连接远程                connectRemote(ctx, request);            }        } finally {            ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);        }    }
四 总结

本文聚焦于统一代理网关的核心,详细介绍了代理相关的技术原理。

代理网关的管理部分,可以在ServerHandler部分维护,也可以在ClientHandler部分维护;

ServerHandler可以拦截转换请求ClientHanlder可控制请求的出口

注:本文使用Netty的零拷贝;存储请求以解析处理;但并未实现对RESPONSE的处理;也就是RESPONSE是直接通过网关,此方面避免了常见的代理实现,内存泄漏OOM相关问题;

最后,本文实现代理网关后,针对代理的资源和流经代理网关的请求做了相应的控制,主要包括:

当遇到静态资源的请求时,代理网关会直接请求远程服务端,不会通过下游代理当请求HEADER中包含地域标识时,代理网关会尽力保证请求打入指定的地域代理,经由地域代理访问远程服务端

原文链接:

标签: #nginx代理openfire #nettynginx游戏框架