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Spring Boot:整合Spring Security

马士兵教育 246

前言:

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综合概述

Spring Security 是 Spring 社区的一个顶级项目,也是 Spring Boot 官方推荐使用的安全框架。除了常规的认证(Authentication)和授权(Authorization)之外,Spring Security还提供了诸如ACLs,LDAP,JAAS,CAS等高级特性以满足复杂场景下的安全需求。另外,就目前而言,Spring Security和Shiro也是当前广大应用使用比较广泛的两个安全框架。

Spring Security 应用级别的安全主要包含两个主要部分,即登录认证(Authentication)和访问授权(Authorization),首先用户登录的时候传入登录信息,登录验证器完成登录认证并将登录认证好的信息存储到请求上下文,然后再进行其他操作,如在进行接口访问、方法调用时,权限认证器从上下文中获取登录认证信息,然后根据认证信息获取权限信息,通过权限信息和特定的授权策略决定是否授权。

本教程将首先给出一个完整的案例实现,然后再分别对登录认证和访问授权的执行流程进行剖析,希望大家可以通过实现案例和流程分析,充分理解Spring Security的登录认证和访问授权的执行原理,并且能够在理解原理的基础上熟练自主的使用Spring Security实现相关的需求。

实现案例

接下来,我们就通过一个具体的案例,来讲解如何进行Spring Security的整合,然后借助Spring Security实现登录认证和访问控制。

生成项目模板

为方便我们初始化项目,Spring Boot给我们提供一个项目模板生成网站。

1. 打开浏览器,访问:

2. 根据页面提示,选择构建工具,开发语言,项目信息等。

3. 点击 Generate the project,生成项目模板,生成之后会将压缩包下载到本地。

4. 使用IDE导入项目,我这里使用Eclipse,通过导入Maven项目的方式导入。

添加相关依赖

清理掉不需要的测试类及测试依赖,添加 Maven 相关依赖,这里需要添加上web、swagger、spring security、jwt和fastjson的依赖,Swagge和fastjson的添加是为了方便接口测试。

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="; xmlns:xsi=";    xsi:schemaLocation=" ;>    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <groupId>com.louis.springboot</groupId>    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <name>demo</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <properties>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <!-- web -->        <dependency>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>         </dependency>        <!-- swagger -->        <dependency>            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>            <version>2.9.2</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>            <version>2.9.2</version>        </dependency>        <!-- spring security -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>        </dependency>        <!-- jwt -->        <dependency>            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>            <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>            <version>0.9.1</version>        </dependency>        <!-- fastjson -->        <dependency>            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>            <version>1.2.58</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>        <!-- 打包时拷贝MyBatis的映射文件 -->        <resources>            <resource>                <directory>src/main/java</directory>                <includes>                    <include>**/sqlmap/*.xml</include>                </includes>                <filtering>false</filtering>            </resource>            <resource>                  <directory>src/main/resources</directory>                      <includes>                         <include>**/*.*</include>                      </includes>                     <filtering>true</filtering>              </resource>         </resources>    </build></project>
添加相关配置

1.添加swagger 配置

添加一个swagger 配置类,在工程下新建 config 包并添加一个 SwaggerConfig 配置类,除了常规配置外,加了一个令牌属性,可以在接口调用的时候传递令牌。

SwaggerConfig.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.config;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;import springfox.documentation.builders.ParameterBuilder;import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;import springfox.documentation.schema.ModelRef;import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;import springfox.documentation.service.Parameter;import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;@Configuration@EnableSwagger2public class SwaggerConfig {    @Bean    public Docket createRestApi(){        // 添加请求参数,我们这里把token作为请求头部参数传入后端        ParameterBuilder parameterBuilder = new ParameterBuilder();        List<Parameter> parameters = new ArrayList<Parameter>();        parameterBuilder.name("Authorization").description("令牌").modelRef(new ModelRef("string")).parameterType("header")                .required(false).build();        parameters.add(parameterBuilder.build());        return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).apiInfo(apiInfo()).select().apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.any())                .paths(PathSelectors.any()).build().globalOperationParameters(parameters);    }    private ApiInfo apiInfo(){        return new ApiInfoBuilder()                .title("SpringBoot API Doc")                .description("This is a restful api document of Spring Boot.")                .version("1.0")                .build();    }}

加了令牌属性后的 Swagger 接口调用界面,会多出一个令牌参数,在发起请求的时候一起发送令牌。

2.添加跨域 配置

添加一个CORS跨域配置类,在工程下新建 config 包并添加一个 CorsConfig配置类。

CorsConfig.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.config;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.CorsRegistry;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;@Configurationpublic class CorsConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {    @Override    public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {        registry.addMapping("/**")    // 允许跨域访问的路径        .allowedOrigins("*")    // 允许跨域访问的源        .allowedMethods("POST", "GET", "PUT", "OPTIONS", "DELETE")    // 允许请求方法        .maxAge(168000)    // 预检间隔时间        .allowedHeaders("*")  // 允许头部设置        .allowCredentials(true);    // 是否发送cookie    }}
安全配置类

下面这个配置类是Spring Security的关键配置。

在这个配置类中,我们主要做了以下几个配置:

1. 访问路径URL的授权策略,如登录、Swagger访问免登录认证等

2. 指定了登录认证流程过滤器 JwtLoginFilter,由它来触发登录认证

3. 指定了自定义身份认证组件 JwtAuthenticationProvider,并注入 UserDetailsService

4. 指定了访问控制过滤器 JwtAuthenticationFilter,在授权时解析令牌和设置登录状态

5. 指定了退出登录处理器,因为是前后端分离,防止内置的登录处理器在后台进行跳转

WebSecurityConfig.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.config;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.HttpStatusReturningLogoutSuccessHandler;import com.louis.springboot.demo.security.JwtAuthenticationFilter;import com.louis.springboot.demo.security.JwtAuthenticationProvider;import com.louis.springboot.demo.security.JwtLoginFilter;@Configuration@EnableWebSecurity@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {    @Autowired    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;        @Override    public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {        // 使用自定义登录身份认证组件        auth.authenticationProvider(new JwtAuthenticationProvider(userDetailsService));    }    @Override    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {        // 禁用 csrf, 由于使用的是JWT,我们这里不需要csrf        http.cors().and().csrf().disable()            .authorizeRequests()            // 跨域预检请求            .antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()            // 登录URL            .antMatchers("/login").permitAll()            // swagger            .antMatchers("/swagger**/**").permitAll()            .antMatchers("/webjars/**").permitAll()            .antMatchers("/v2/**").permitAll()            // 其他所有请求需要身份认证            .anyRequest().authenticated();        // 退出登录处理器        http.logout().logoutSuccessHandler(new HttpStatusReturningLogoutSuccessHandler());        // 开启登录认证流程过滤器        http.addFilterBefore(new JwtLoginFilter(authenticationManager()), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);        // 访问控制时登录状态检查过滤器        http.addFilterBefore(new JwtAuthenticationFilter(authenticationManager()), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);    }    @Bean    @Override    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager() throws Exception {        return super.authenticationManager();    }    }
登录认证触发过滤器

JwtLoginFilter 是在通过访问 /login 的POST请求是被首先被触发的过滤器,默认实现是 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter,它继承了 AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter,抽象父类的 doFilter 定义了登录认证的大致操作流程,这里我们的 JwtLoginFilter 继承了 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter,并进行了两个主要内容的定制。

1. 覆写认证方法,修改用户名、密码的获取方式,具体原因看代码注释

2. 覆写认证成功后的操作,移除后台跳转,添加生成令牌并返回给客户端

JwtLoginFilter.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.security;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.nio.charset.Charset;import javax.servlet.FilterChain;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;import org.springframework.security.authentication.event.InteractiveAuthenticationSuccessEvent;import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;import com.louis.springboot.demo.utils.HttpUtils;import com.louis.springboot.demo.utils.JwtTokenUtils;/** * 启动登录认证流程过滤器 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */public class JwtLoginFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {        public JwtLoginFilter(AuthenticationManager authManager) {        setAuthenticationManager(authManager);    }        @Override    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)            throws IOException, ServletException {        // POST 请求 /login 登录时拦截, 由此方法触发执行登录认证流程,可以在此覆写整个登录认证逻辑        super.doFilter(req, res, chain);     }        @Override    public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {        // 可以在此覆写尝试进行登录认证的逻辑,登录成功之后等操作不再此方法内        // 如果使用此过滤器来触发登录认证流程,注意登录请求数据格式的问题        // 此过滤器的用户名密码默认从request.getParameter()获取,但是这种        // 读取方式不能读取到如 application/json 等 post 请求数据,需要把        // 用户名密码的读取逻辑修改为到流中读取request.getInputStream()        String body = getBody(request);        JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(body);        String username = jsonObject.getString("username");        String password = jsonObject.getString("password");        if (username == null) {            username = "";        }        if (password == null) {            password = "";        }        username = username.trim();        JwtAuthenticatioToken authRequest = new JwtAuthenticatioToken(username, password);        // Allow subclasses to set the "details" property        setDetails(request, authRequest);        return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);        }        @Override    protected void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain,            Authentication authResult) throws IOException, ServletException {        // 存储登录认证信息到上下文        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authResult);        // 记住我服务        getRememberMeServices().loginSuccess(request, response, authResult);        // 触发事件监听器        if (this.eventPublisher != null) {            eventPublisher.publishEvent(new InteractiveAuthenticationSuccessEvent(authResult, this.getClass()));        }        // 生成并返回token给客户端,后续访问携带此token        JwtAuthenticatioToken token = new JwtAuthenticatioToken(null, null, JwtTokenUtils.generateToken(authResult));        HttpUtils.write(response, token);    }        /**      * 获取请求Body     * @param request     * @return     */    public String getBody(HttpServletRequest request) {        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();        InputStream inputStream = null;        BufferedReader reader = null;        try {            inputStream = request.getInputStream();            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, Charset.forName("UTF-8")));            String line = "";            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {                sb.append(line);            }        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            if (inputStream != null) {                try {                    inputStream.close();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }            if (reader != null) {                try {                    reader.close();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }        return sb.toString();    }}
登录控制器

除了使用上面的登录认证过滤器拦截 /login Post请求之外,我们也可以不使用上面的过滤器,通过自定义登录接口实现,只要在登录接口手动触发登录流程并生产令牌即可。

其实 Spring Security 的登录认证过程只需调用 AuthenticationManager 的 authenticate(Authentication authentication) 方法,最终返回认证成功的 Authentication 实现类并存储到SpringContexHolder 上下文即可,这样后面授权的时候就可以从 SpringContexHolder 中获取登录认证信息,并根据其中的用户信息和权限信息决定是否进行授权。

LoginController.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.controller;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import com.louis.springboot.demo.security.JwtAuthenticatioToken;import com.louis.springboot.demo.utils.SecurityUtils;import com.louis.springboot.demo.vo.HttpResult;import com.louis.springboot.demo.vo.LoginBean;/** * 登录控制器 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */@RestControllerpublic class LoginController {    @Autowired    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;    /**     * 登录接口     */    @PostMapping(value = "/login")    public HttpResult login(@RequestBody LoginBean loginBean, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {        String username = loginBean.getUsername();        String password = loginBean.getPassword();                // 系统登录认证        JwtAuthenticatioToken token = SecurityUtils.login(request, username, password, authenticationManager);                        return HttpResult.ok(token);    }}

注意:如果使用此登录控制器触发登录认证,需要禁用登录认证过滤器,即将 WebSecurityConfig 中的以下配置项注释即可,否则访问登录接口会被过滤拦截,执行不会再进入此登录接口,大家根据使用习惯二选一即可。

// 开启登录认证流程过滤器,如果使用LoginController的login接口, 需要注释掉此过滤器,根据使用习惯二选一即可http.addFilterBefore(new JwtLoginFilter(authenticationManager()), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);

如下是登录认证的逻辑, 可以看到部分逻辑跟上面的登录认证过滤器差不多。

1. 执行登录认证过程,通过调用 AuthenticationManager 的 authenticate(token) 方法实现

2. 将认证成功的认证信息存储到上下文,供后续访问授权的时候获取使用

3. 通过JWT生成令牌并返回给客户端,后续访问和操作都需要携带此令牌

有关登录过程的逻辑,参见SecurityUtils的login方法。

SecurityUtils.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.utils;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;import com.louis.springboot.demo.security.JwtAuthenticatioToken;/** * Security相关操作 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */public class SecurityUtils {    /**     * 系统登录认证     * @param request     * @param username     * @param password     * @param authenticationManager     * @return     */    public static JwtAuthenticatioToken login(HttpServletRequest request, String username, String password, AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {        JwtAuthenticatioToken token = new JwtAuthenticatioToken(username, password);        token.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));        // 执行登录认证过程        Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(token);        // 认证成功存储认证信息到上下文        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);        // 生成令牌并返回给客户端        token.setToken(JwtTokenUtils.generateToken(authentication));        return token;    }    /**     * 获取令牌进行认证     * @param request     */    public static void checkAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request) {        // 获取令牌并根据令牌获取登录认证信息        Authentication authentication = JwtTokenUtils.getAuthenticationeFromToken(request);        // 设置登录认证信息到上下文        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);    }    /**     * 获取当前用户名     * @return     */    public static String getUsername() {        String username = null;        Authentication authentication = getAuthentication();        if(authentication != null) {            Object principal = authentication.getPrincipal();            if(principal != null && principal instanceof UserDetails) {                username = ((UserDetails) principal).getUsername();            }        }        return username;    }        /**     * 获取用户名     * @return     */    public static String getUsername(Authentication authentication) {        String username = null;        if(authentication != null) {            Object principal = authentication.getPrincipal();            if(principal != null && principal instanceof UserDetails) {                username = ((UserDetails) principal).getUsername();            }        }        return username;    }        /**     * 获取当前登录信息     * @return     */    public static Authentication getAuthentication() {        if(SecurityContextHolder.getContext() == null) {            return null;        }        Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();        return authentication;    }    }
令牌生成器

我们令牌是使用JWT生成的,令牌生成的逻辑,参见源码JwtTokenUtils的generateToken相关方法。

JwtTokenUtils.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.utils;import java.io.Serializable;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Date;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;import com.louis.springboot.demo.security.GrantedAuthorityImpl;import com.louis.springboot.demo.security.JwtAuthenticatioToken;import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;/** * JWT工具类 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */public class JwtTokenUtils implements Serializable {    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;        /**     * 用户名称     */    private static final String USERNAME = Claims.SUBJECT;    /**     * 创建时间     */    private static final String CREATED = "created";    /**     * 权限列表     */    private static final String AUTHORITIES = "authorities";    /**     * 密钥     */    private static final String SECRET = "abcdefgh";    /**     * 有效期12小时     */    private static final long EXPIRE_TIME = 12 * 60 * 60 * 1000;    /**     * 生成令牌     *     * @param userDetails 用户     * @return 令牌     */    public static String generateToken(Authentication authentication) {        Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(3);        claims.put(USERNAME, SecurityUtils.getUsername(authentication));        claims.put(CREATED, new Date());        claims.put(AUTHORITIES, authentication.getAuthorities());        return generateToken(claims);    }    /**     * 从数据声明生成令牌     *     * @param claims 数据声明     * @return 令牌     */    private static String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {        Date expirationDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE_TIME);        return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setExpiration(expirationDate).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET).compact();    }    /**     * 从令牌中获取用户名     *     * @param token 令牌     * @return 用户名     */    public static String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {        String username;        try {            Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);            username = claims.getSubject();        } catch (Exception e) {            username = null;        }        return username;    }        /**     * 根据请求令牌获取登录认证信息     * @param token 令牌     * @return 用户名     */    public static Authentication getAuthenticationeFromToken(HttpServletRequest request) {        Authentication authentication = null;        // 获取请求携带的令牌        String token = JwtTokenUtils.getToken(request);        if(token != null) {            // 请求令牌不能为空            if(SecurityUtils.getAuthentication() == null) {                // 上下文中Authentication为空                Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);                if(claims == null) {                    return null;                }                String username = claims.getSubject();                if(username == null) {                    return null;                }                if(isTokenExpired(token)) {                    return null;                }                Object authors = claims.get(AUTHORITIES);                List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>();                if (authors != null && authors instanceof List) {                    for (Object object : (List) authors) {                        authorities.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl((String) ((Map) object).get("authority")));                    }                }                authentication = new JwtAuthenticatioToken(username, null, authorities, token);            } else {                if(validateToken(token, SecurityUtils.getUsername())) {                    // 如果上下文中Authentication非空,且请求令牌合法,直接返回当前登录认证信息                    authentication = SecurityUtils.getAuthentication();                }            }        }        return authentication;    }    /**     * 从令牌中获取数据声明     *     * @param token 令牌     * @return 数据声明     */    private static Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {        Claims claims;        try {            claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();        } catch (Exception e) {            claims = null;        }        return claims;    }    /**     * 验证令牌     * @param token     * @param username     * @return     */    public static Boolean validateToken(String token, String username) {        String userName = getUsernameFromToken(token);        return (userName.equals(username) && !isTokenExpired(token));    }    /**     * 刷新令牌     * @param token     * @return     */    public static String refreshToken(String token) {        String refreshedToken;        try {            Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);            claims.put(CREATED, new Date());            refreshedToken = generateToken(claims);        } catch (Exception e) {            refreshedToken = null;        }        return refreshedToken;    }    /**     * 判断令牌是否过期     *     * @param token 令牌     * @return 是否过期     */    public static Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {        try {            Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);            Date expiration = claims.getExpiration();            return expiration.before(new Date());        } catch (Exception e) {            return false;        }    }    /**     * 获取请求token     * @param request     * @return     */    public static String getToken(HttpServletRequest request) {        String token = request.getHeader("Authorization");        String tokenHead = "Bearer ";        if(token == null) {            token = request.getHeader("token");        } else if(token.contains(tokenHead)){            token = token.substring(tokenHead.length());        }         if("".equals(token)) {            token = null;        }        return token;    }}
登录身份认证组件

上面说到登录认证是通过调用 AuthenticationManager 的 authenticate(token) 方法实现的,而 AuthenticationManager 又是通过调用 AuthenticationProvider 的 authenticate(Authentication authentication) 来完成认证的,所以通过定制 AuthenticationProvider 也可以完成各种自定义的需求,我们这里只是简单的继承 DaoAuthenticationProvider 展示如何自定义,具体的大家可以根据各自的需求按需定制。

JwtAuthenticationProvider.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.security;import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;import org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider;import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;/** * 身份验证提供者 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */public class JwtAuthenticationProvider extends DaoAuthenticationProvider {    public JwtAuthenticationProvider(UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {        setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);        setPasswordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder());    }    @Override    public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {        // 可以在此处覆写整个登录认证逻辑        return super.authenticate(authentication);    }        @Override    protected void additionalAuthenticationChecks(UserDetails userDetails, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication)            throws AuthenticationException {        // 可以在此处覆写密码验证逻辑        super.additionalAuthenticationChecks(userDetails, authentication);    }}
认证信息获取服务

通过跟踪代码运行,我们发现像默认使用的 DaoAuthenticationProvider,在认证的使用都是通过一个叫 UserDetailsService 的来获取用户认证所需信息的。

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider 定义了在 authenticate 方法中通过 retrieveUser 方法获取用户信息,子类 DaoAuthenticationProvider 通过 UserDetailsService 来进行获取,一般情况,这个UserDetailsService需要我们自定义,实现从用户服务获取用户和权限信息封装到 UserDetails 的实现类。

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.java

public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {           ...  if (user == null) {            cacheWasUsed = false;            try {                user = retrieveUser(username, (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);            }             ...    return createSuccessAuthentication(principalToReturn, authentication, user);    }

DaoAuthenticationProvider.java

 protected final UserDetails retrieveUser(String username, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication)            throws AuthenticationException {        try {            UserDetails loadedUser = this.getUserDetailsService().loadUserByUsername(username);       return loadedUser;        }        ...    }

我们自定义的 UserDetailsService,从我们的用户服务 UserService 中获取用户和权限信息。

UserDetailsServiceImpl.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.security;import java.util.List;import java.util.Set;import java.util.stream.Collectors;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import com.louis.springboot.demo.model.User;import com.louis.springboot.demo.service.UserService;/** * 用户登录认证信息查询 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */@Servicepublic class UserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {    @Autowired    private UserService userService;    @Override    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {        User user = userService.findByUsername(username);        if (user == null) {            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("该用户不存在");        }        // 用户权限列表,根据用户拥有的权限标识与如 @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('sys:menu:view')") 标注的接口对比,决定是否可以调用接口        Set<String> permissions = userService.findPermissions(username);        List<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthorities = permissions.stream().map(GrantedAuthorityImpl::new).collect(Collectors.toList());        return new JwtUserDetails(username, user.getPassword(), grantedAuthorities);    }}

一般而言,定制 UserDetailsService 就可以满足大部分需求了,在 UserDetailsService 满足不了我们的需求的时候考虑定制 AuthenticationProvider。

如果直接定制UserDetailsService ,而不自定义 AuthenticationProvider,可以直接在配置文件 WebSecurityConfig 中这样配置。

@Overridepublic void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {    // 指定自定义的获取信息获取服务    auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService)}
用户认证信息

上面 UserDetailsService 加载好用户认证信息后会封装认证信息到一个 UserDetails 的实现类。

默认实现是 User 类,我们这里没有特殊需要,简单继承即可,复杂需求可以在此基础上进行拓展。

JwtUserDetails.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.security;import java.util.Collection;import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;/** * 安全用户模型 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */public class JwtUserDetails extends User {    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;    public JwtUserDetails(String username, String password, Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities) {        this(username, password, true, true, true, true, authorities);    }        public JwtUserDetails(String username, String password, boolean enabled, boolean accountNonExpired,            boolean credentialsNonExpired, boolean accountNonLocked, Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities) {        super(username, password, enabled, accountNonExpired, credentialsNonExpired, accountNonLocked, authorities);    }}
用户操作代码

简单的用户模型,包含用户名密码。

User.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.model;/** * 用户模型 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */public class User {    private Long id;        private String username;    private String password;    public Long getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Long id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getUsername() {        return username;    }    public void setUsername(String username) {        this.username = username;    }    public String getPassword() {        return password;    }    public void setPassword(String password) {        this.password = password;    }}

用户服务接口,只提供简单的用户查询和权限查询接口用于模拟。

UserService.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.service;import java.util.Set;import com.louis.springboot.demo.model.User;/** * 用户管理 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */public interface UserService {    /**     * 根据用户名查找用户     * @param username     * @return     */    User findByUsername(String username);    /**     * 查找用户的菜单权限标识集合     * @param userName     * @return     */    Set<String> findPermissions(String username);}

用户服务实现,只简单获取返回模拟数据,实际场景根据情况从DAO获取即可。

SysUserServiceImpl.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.service.impl;import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.Set;import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import com.louis.springboot.demo.model.User;import com.louis.springboot.demo.service.UserService;@Servicepublic class SysUserServiceImpl implements UserService {    @Override    public User findByUsername(String username) {        User user = new User();        user.setId(1L);        user.setUsername(username);        String password = new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123");        user.setPassword(password);        return user;    }    @Override    public Set<String> findPermissions(String username) {        Set<String> permissions = new HashSet<>();        permissions.add("sys:user:view");        permissions.add("sys:user:add");        permissions.add("sys:user:edit");        permissions.add("sys:user:delete");        return permissions;    }}

用户控制器,提供三个测试接口,其中权限列表中未包含删除接口定义的权限('sys:user:delete'),登录之后也将无权限调用。

UserController.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.controller;import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import com.louis.springboot.demo.vo.HttpResult;/** * 用户控制器 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */@RestController@RequestMapping("user")public class UserController {        @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('sys:user:view')")    @GetMapping(value="/findAll")    public HttpResult findAll() {        return HttpResult.ok("the findAll service is called success.");    }        @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('sys:user:edit')")    @GetMapping(value="/edit")    public HttpResult edit() {        return HttpResult.ok("the edit service is called success.");    }        @PreAuthorize("hasAuthority('sys:user:delete')")    @GetMapping(value="/delete")    public HttpResult delete() {        return HttpResult.ok("the delete service is called success.");    }}
登录认证检查过滤器

访问接口的时候,登录认证检查过滤器 JwtAuthenticationFilter 会拦截请求校验令牌和登录状态,并根据情况设置登录状态。

JwtAuthenticationFilter.java

package com.louis.springboot.demo.security;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.FilterChain;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.;import com.louis.springboot.demo.utils.SecurityUtils;/** * 登录认证检查过滤器 * @author Louis * @date Jun 29, 2019 */public class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends BasicAuthenticationFilter {        @Autowired    public JwtAuthenticationFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {        super(authenticationManager);    }    @Override    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {        // 获取token, 并检查登录状态        SecurityUtils.checkAuthentication(request);        chain.doFilter(request, response);    }    }

具体详细获取token和检查登录状态代码请查看SecurityUtils的checkAuthentication方法。

编译测试运行

1. 右键项目 -> Run as -> Maven install,开始执行Maven构建,第一次会下载Maven依赖,可能需要点时间,如果出现如下信息,就说明项目编译打包成功了。

2. 右键文件 DemoApplication.java -> Run as -> Java Application,开始启动应用,当出现如下信息的时候,就说明应用启动成功了,默认启动端口是8080。

3. 打开浏览器,访问:,进入swagger接口文档界面。

4.我们先再未登录没有令牌的时候直接访问接口,发现都返回无权限,禁止访问的结果。

发现接口调用失败,返回状态码为403的错误,表示因为权限的问题拒绝访问。

打开 LoginController,输入我们用户名和密码(username:amdin, password:123,密码是我们在SysUserServiceImpl中设置的)

登录成功之后,会成功返回令牌,如下图所示。

拷贝返回的令牌,粘贴到令牌参数输入框,再次访问 /user/edit 接口。

这个时候,成功的返回了结果: the edit service is called success.

同样的,拷贝返回的令牌,粘贴到令牌参数输入框,访问 /user/delete 接口。

发现还是返回拒绝访问的结果,那是因为访问这个接口需要 'sys:user:delete' 权限,而我们之前返回的权限列表中并没有包含,所以授权访问失败。

我们可以修改一下 SysUserServiceImpl,添加上‘sys:user:delete’ 权限,重新登录,再次访问一遍。

发现删除接口也可以访问了,记住务必要重新调用登录接口,获取令牌后拷贝到删除接口,再次访问删除接口。

到此,一个简单但相对完整的Spring Security案例就实现了,我们通过Spring Security实现了简单的登录认证和访问控制,读者可以在此基础上拓展出更为丰富的功能。

流程剖析

Spring Security的安全主要包含两部分内容,即登录认证和访问授权,接下来,我们别对这两个部分的流程进行追踪和分析,分析过程中,读者最好同时对比查看相应源码,以更好的学习和了解相关的内容。

登录认证登录认证过滤器

如果在继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 的配置类中的 configure(HttpSecurity http) 方法中有配置 HttpSecurity 的 formLogin,则会返回一个 FormLoginConfigurer 对象。如下是一个 Spring Security 的配置样例, formLogin().x.x 就是配置使用内置的登录验证过滤器,默认实现为 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter。

WebSecurityConfig.java

@Configuration@EnableWebSecurity@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {    @Autowired    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;        @Override    public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {        // 使用自定义身份验证组件        auth.authenticationProvider(new JwtAuthenticationProvider(userDetailsService));    }        @Override    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {        http.cors().and().csrf().disable()            .authorizeRequests()        // 首页和登录页面        .antMatchers("/").permitAll()        // 其他所有请求需要身份认证        .anyRequest().authenticated()        // 配置登录认证        .and().formLogin().loginProcessingUrl("/login");    }}

查看 HttpSecurity的formLogion 方法,发现返回的是一个 FormLoginConfigurer 对象。

HttpSecurity.java

public FormLoginConfigurer<HttpSecurity> formLogin() throws Exception {    return getOrApply(new FormLoginConfigurer<>());}

而 FormLoginConfigurer 的构造函数内绑定了一个 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter 过滤器。

FormLoginConfigurer.java

public FormLoginConfigurer() {    super(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter(), null);    usernameParameter("username");    passwordParameter("password");}

接着查看 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter 过滤器,发现其构造函数内绑定了 POST 类型的 /login 请求,也就是说,如果配置了 formLogin 的相关信息,那么在使用 POST 类型的 /login URL进行登录的时候就会被这个过滤器拦截,并进行登录验证,登录验证过程我们下面继续分析。

UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.java

public UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter() {    super(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/login", "POST"));}

查看 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter,发现它继承了 AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter,AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter 中的 doFilter 包含了触发登录认证执行流程的相关逻辑。

AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java

public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)            throws IOException, ServletException {        ...        Authentication authResult;        try {            authResult = attemptAuthentication(request, response);               ...            sessionStrategy.onAuthentication(authResult, request, response);        }     ...        successfulAuthentication(request, response, chain, authResult);    }

上面的登录逻辑主要步骤有两个:

1. attemptAuthentication(request, response)

这是 AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter 中的一个抽象方法,包含登录主逻辑,由其子类实现具体的登录验证,如 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter 是使用表单方式登录的具体实现。如果是非表单登录的方式,如JNDI等其他方式登录的可以通过继承 AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter 自定义登录实现。UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter 的登录实现逻辑如下。

UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.java

public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {        if (postOnly && !request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {            throw new AuthenticationServiceException("Authentication method not supported: " + request.getMethod());        }     // 获取用户名和密码        String username = obtainUsername(request);        String password = obtainPassword(request);     ...        UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);        // Allow subclasses to set the "details" property        setDetails(request, authRequest);        return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);    }

2. successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, Authentication authResult)

登录成功之后,将认证后的 Authentication 对象存储到请求线程上下文,这样在授权阶段就可以获取到 Authentication 认证信息,并利用 Authentication 内的权限信息进行访问控制判断。

AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java

protected void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,        HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, Authentication authResult)        throws IOException, ServletException {  // 登录成功之后,把认证后的 Authentication 对象存储到请求线程上下文,这样在授权阶段就可以获取到此认证信息进行访问控制判断    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authResult);    rememberMeServices.loginSuccess(request, response, authResult);    successHandler.onAuthenticationSuccess(request, response, authResult);}

从上面的登录逻辑我们可以看到,Spring Security的登录认证过程是委托给 AuthenticationManager 完成的,它先是解析出用户名和密码,然后把用户名和密码封装到一个UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken 中,传递给 AuthenticationManager,交由 AuthenticationManager 完成实际的登录认证过程。

AuthenticationManager.java

package org.springframework.security.authentication;import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;/*** Processes an {@link Authentication} request.* @author Ben Alex*/public interface AuthenticationManager {  Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException;}

AuthenticationManager 提供了一个默认的 实现 ProviderManager,而 ProviderManager 又将验证委托给了 AuthenticationProvider。

ProviderManager.java

public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {     ...   for (AuthenticationProvider provider : getProviders()) {        if (!provider.supports(toTest)) {            continue;        }try {        // 委托给AuthenticationProvider            result = provider.authenticate(authentication);        }   }}

根据验证方式的多样化,AuthenticationProvider 衍生出多种类型的实现,AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider 是 AuthenticationProvider 的抽象实现,定义了较为统一的验证逻辑,各种验证方式可以选择直接继承 AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider 完成登录认证,如 DaoAuthenticationProvider 就是继承了此抽象类,完成了从DAO方式获取验证需要的用户信息的。

AbstractUserDetailsAuthenticationProvider.java

public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {// Determine username        String username = (authentication.getPrincipal() == null) ? "NONE_PROVIDED" : authentication.getName();        boolean cacheWasUsed = true;        UserDetails user = this.userCache.getUserFromCache(username);        if (user == null) {            cacheWasUsed = false;            try {          // 子类根据自身情况从指定的地方加载认证需要的用户信息                user = retrieveUser(username, (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);            }            ...try {       // 前置检查,一般是检查账号状态,如是否锁定之类            preAuthenticationChecks.check(user);       // 进行一般逻辑认证,如 DaoAuthenticationProvider 实现中的密码验证就是在这里完成的            additionalAuthenticationChecks(user, (UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken) authentication);        }        ...     // 后置检查,如可以检查密码是否过期之类        postAuthenticationChecks.check(user);     ...     // 验证成功之后返回包含完整认证信息的 Authentication 对象        return createSuccessAuthentication(principalToReturn, authentication, user);    }

如上面所述, AuthenticationProvider 通过 retrieveUser(String username, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication) 获取验证信息,对于我们一般所用的 DaoAuthenticationProvider 是由 UserDetailsService 专门负责获取验证信息的。

DaoAuthenticationProvider.java

protected final UserDetails retrieveUser(String username, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication) throws AuthenticationException {    try {        UserDetails loadedUser = this.getUserDetailsService().loadUserByUsername(username);        if (loadedUser == null) {            throw new InternalAuthenticationServiceException("UserDetailsService returned null, which is an interface contract violation");        }        return loadedUser;    }}

UserDetailsService 接口只有一个方法,loadUserByUsername(String username),一般需要我们实现此接口方法,根据用户名加载登录认证和访问授权所需要的信息,并返回一个 UserDetails的实现类,后面登录认证和访问授权都需要用到此中的信息。

public interface UserDetailsService {    /**     * Locates the user based on the username. In the actual implementation, the search     * may possibly be case sensitive, or case insensitive depending on how the     * implementation instance is configured. In this case, the <code>UserDetails</code>     * object that comes back may have a username that is of a different case than what     * was actually requested..     *     * @param username the username identifying the user whose data is required.     *     * @return a fully populated user record (never <code>null</code>)     *     * @throws UsernameNotFoundException if the user could not be found or the user has no     * GrantedAuthority     */    UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException;}

UserDetails 提供了一个默认实现 User,主要包含用户名(username)、密码(password)、权限(authorities)和一些账号或密码状态的标识。

如果默认实现满足不了你的需求,可以根据需求定制自己的 UserDetails,然后在 UserDetailsService 的 loadUserByUsername 中返回即可。

public class User implements UserDetails, CredentialsContainer {// ~ Instance fields    // ================================================================================================    private String password;    private final String username;    private final Set<GrantedAuthority> authorities;    private final boolean accountNonExpired;    private final boolean accountNonLocked;    private final boolean credentialsNonExpired;    private final boolean enabled;    // ~ Constructors    // ===================================================================================================    public User(String username, String password,            Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities) {        this(username, password, true, true, true, true, authorities);    }   ...}
退出登录

Spring Security 提供了一个默认的登出过滤器 LogoutFilter,默认拦截路径是 /logout,当访问 /logout 路径的时候,LogoutFilter 会进行退出处理。

LogoutFilter.java

public class LogoutFilter extends GenericFilterBean {    public LogoutFilter(LogoutSuccessHandler logoutSuccessHandler,            LogoutHandler... handlers) {        this.handler = new CompositeLogoutHandler(handlers);this.logoutSuccessHandler = logoutSuccessHandler;        setFilterProcessesUrl("/logout");  // 绑定 /logout    }    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)            throws IOException, ServletException {        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;        if (requiresLogout(request, response)) {            Authentication auth = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();this.handler.logout(request, response, auth);  // 登出处理,可能包含session、cookie、认证信息的清理工作            logoutSuccessHandler.onLogoutSuccess(request, response, auth);  // 退出后的操作,可能是跳转、返回成功状态等            return;        }        chain.doFilter(request, response);    }   ...}

如下是 SecurityContextLogoutHandler 中的登出处理实现。

SecurityContextLogoutHandler.java

public void logout(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,        Authentication authentication) {    // 让 session 失效   if (invalidateHttpSession) {        HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);        if (session != null) {            logger.debug("Invalidating session: " + session.getId());            session.invalidate();        }    }     // 清理 Security 上下文,其中包含登录认证信息    if (clearAuthentication) {        SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.getContext();        context.setAuthentication(null);    }    SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();}
访问授权

访问授权主要分为两种:通过URL方式的接口访问控制和方法调用的权限控制。

接口访问权限

在通过比如浏览器使用URL访问后台接口时,是否允许访问此URL,就是接口访问权限。

在进行接口访问时,会由 FilterSecurityInterceptor 进行拦截并进行授权。

FilterSecurityInterceptor 继承了 AbstractSecurityInterceptor 并实现了 javax.servlet.Filter 接口, 所以在URL访问的时候都会被过滤器拦截,doFilter 实现如下。

FilterSecurityInterceptor.java

public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,        FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {    FilterInvocation fi = new FilterInvocation(request, response, chain);    invoke(fi);}

doFilter 方法又调用了自身的 invoke 方法, invoke 方法又调用了父类 AbstractSecurityInterceptor 的 beforeInvocation 方法。

FilterSecurityInterceptor.java

public void invoke(FilterInvocation fi) throws IOException, ServletException {    if ((fi.getRequest() != null)            && (fi.getRequest().getAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED) != null)            && observeOncePerRequest) {        // filter already applied to this request and user wants us to observe        // once-per-request handling, so don't re-do security checking        fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());    }    else {        // first time this request being called, so perform security checking        if (fi.getRequest() != null && observeOncePerRequest) {            fi.getRequest().setAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED, Boolean.TRUE);        }        InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(fi);        try {            fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());        }        finally {            super.finallyInvocation(token);        }        super.afterInvocation(token, null);    }}
方法调用权限

在进行后台方法调用时,是否允许该方法调用,就是方法调用权限。比如在方法上添加了此类注解 @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')") ,Security 方法注解的支持需要在任何配置类中(如 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter )添加 @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true) 开启,才能够使用。

@Configuration@EnableWebSecurity@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {}

在进行方法调用时,会由 MethodSecurityInterceptor 进行拦截并进行授权。

MethodSecurityInterceptor 继承了 AbstractSecurityInterceptor 并实现了AOP 的 org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor 接口, 所以可以在方法调用时进行拦截。

MethodSecurityInterceptor .java

public Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {    InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(mi);    Object result;    try {        result = mi.proceed();    }    finally {        super.finallyInvocation(token);    }    return super.afterInvocation(token, result);}

我们看到,MethodSecurityInterceptor 跟 FilterSecurityInterceptor 一样, 都是通过调用父类 AbstractSecurityInterceptor 的相关方法完成授权,其中 beforeInvocation 是完成权限认证的关键。

AbstractSecurityInterceptor.java

protected InterceptorStatusToken beforeInvocation(Object object) {        ...     // 通过 SecurityMetadataSource 获取权限配置信息,可以定制实现自己的权限信息获取逻辑        Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes = this.obtainSecurityMetadataSource().getAttributes(object);     ...     // 确认是否经过登录认证             Authentication authenticated = authenticateIfRequired();        try {        // 通过 AccessDecisionManager 完成授权认证,默认实现是 AffirmativeBased            this.accessDecisionManager.decide(authenticated, object, attributes);        }        ...    }

上面代码显示 AbstractSecurityInterceptor 又是委托授权认证器 AccessDecisionManager 完成授权认证,默认实现是 AffirmativeBased, decide 方法实现如下。

AffirmativeBased.java

public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,        Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException {    int deny = 0;    for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {       // 通过各种投票策略,最终决定是否授权         int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, configAttributes);                ...    }    }

而 AccessDecisionManager 决定授权又是通过一个授权策略集合(AccessDecisionVoter )决定的,授权决定的原则是:

1. 遍历所有授权策略, 如果有其中一个返回 ACCESS_GRANTED,则同意授权。

2. 否则,等待遍历结束,统计 ACCESS_DENIED 个数,只要拒绝数大于1,则不同意授权。

对于接口访问授权,也就是 FilterSecurityInterceptor 管理的URL授权,默认对应的授权策略只有一个,就是 WebExpressionVoter,它的授权策略主要是根据 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 内配置的路径访问策略进行匹配,然后决定是否授权。

WebExpressionVoter.java

/** * Voter which handles web authorisation decisions. * @author Luke Taylor * @since 3.0 */public class WebExpressionVoter implements AccessDecisionVoter<FilterInvocation> {    private SecurityExpressionHandler<FilterInvocation> expressionHandler = new DefaultWebSecurityExpressionHandler();    public int vote(Authentication authentication, FilterInvocation fi,            Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) {        assert authentication != null;        assert fi != null;        assert attributes != null;        WebExpressionConfigAttribute weca = findConfigAttribute(attributes);        if (weca == null) {            return ACCESS_ABSTAIN;        }        EvaluationContext ctx = expressionHandler.createEvaluationContext(authentication, fi);        ctx = weca.postProcess(ctx, fi);        return ExpressionUtils.evaluateAsBoolean(weca.getAuthorizeExpression(), ctx) ? ACCESS_GRANTED : ACCESS_DENIED;    }    ...}

对于方法调用授权,在全局方法安全配置类里,可以看到给 MethodSecurityInterceptor 默认配置的有 RoleVoter、AuthenticatedVoter、Jsr250Voter、和 PreInvocationAuthorizationAdviceVoter,其中 Jsr250Voter、PreInvocationAuthorizationAdviceVoter 都需要打开指定的开关,才会添加支持。

GlobalMethodSecurityConfiguration.java

@Configurationpublic class GlobalMethodSecurityConfiguration implements ImportAware, SmartInitializingSingleton {    ...    private MethodSecurityInterceptor methodSecurityInterceptor;          @Bean    public MethodInterceptor methodSecurityInterceptor() throws Exception {        this.methodSecurityInterceptor = isAspectJ()                ? new AspectJMethodSecurityInterceptor()                : new MethodSecurityInterceptor();        methodSecurityInterceptor.setAccessDecisionManager(accessDecisionManager());        methodSecurityInterceptor.setAfterInvocationManager(afterInvocationManager());        methodSecurityInterceptor                .setSecurityMetadataSource(methodSecurityMetadataSource());        RunAsManager runAsManager = runAsManager();        if (runAsManager != null) {            methodSecurityInterceptor.setRunAsManager(runAsManager);        }        return this.methodSecurityInterceptor;    }        protected AccessDecisionManager accessDecisionManager() {        List<AccessDecisionVoter<? extends Object>> decisionVoters = new ArrayList<AccessDecisionVoter<? extends Object>>();        ExpressionBasedPreInvocationAdvice expressionAdvice = new ExpressionBasedPreInvocationAdvice();        expressionAdvice.setExpressionHandler(getExpressionHandler());        if (prePostEnabled()) {            decisionVoters                    .add(new PreInvocationAuthorizationAdviceVoter(expressionAdvice));        }        if (jsr250Enabled()) {            decisionVoters.add(new Jsr250Voter());        }        decisionVoters.add(new RoleVoter());        decisionVoters.add(new AuthenticatedVoter());        return new AffirmativeBased(decisionVoters);    }  ...}

RoleVoter 是根据角色进行匹配授权的策略。

RoleVoter.java

public class RoleVoter implements AccessDecisionVoter<Object> {   // RoleVoter  默认角色名以 "ROLE_" 为前缀。    private String rolePrefix = "ROLE_";public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute) {        if ((attribute.getAttribute() != null)                && attribute.getAttribute().startsWith(getRolePrefix())) {            return true;        } else {            return false;        }    }        public int vote(Authentication authentication, Object object,            Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) {        if(authentication == null) {            return ACCESS_DENIED;        }        int result = ACCESS_ABSTAIN;        Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = extractAuthorities(authentication);     // 逐个角色进行匹配,入股有一个匹配得上,则进行授权        for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) {            if (this.supports(attribute)) {                result = ACCESS_DENIED;                // Attempt to find a matching granted authority                for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) {                    if (attribute.getAttribute().equals(authority.getAuthority())) {                        return ACCESS_GRANTED;                    }                }            }        }        return result;    }}

AuthenticatedVoter 主要是针对有配置以下几个属性来决定授权的策略。

IS_AUTHENTICATED_REMEMBERED:记住我登录状态

IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY:匿名认证状态

IS_AUTHENTICATED_FULLY: 完全登录状态,即非上面两种类型

AuthenticatedVoter.java

public int vote(Authentication authentication, Object object,        Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) {    int result = ACCESS_ABSTAIN;    for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) {        if (this.supports(attribute)) {            result = ACCESS_DENIED;       // 完全登录状态            if (IS_AUTHENTICATED_FULLY.equals(attribute.getAttribute())) {                if (isFullyAuthenticated(authentication)) {                    return ACCESS_GRANTED;                }            }       // 记住我登录状态            if (IS_AUTHENTICATED_REMEMBERED.equals(attribute.getAttribute())) {                if (authenticationTrustResolver.isRememberMe(authentication)                        || isFullyAuthenticated(authentication)) {                    return ACCESS_GRANTED;                }            }       // 匿名登录状态            if (IS_AUTHENTICATED_ANONYMOUSLY.equals(attribute.getAttribute())) {                if (authenticationTrustResolver.isAnonymous(authentication)                        || isFullyAuthenticated(authentication)                        || authenticationTrustResolver.isRememberMe(authentication)) {                    return ACCESS_GRANTED;                }            }        }    }    return result;}

PreInvocationAuthorizationAdviceVoter 是针对类似 @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')") 注解解析并进行授权的策略。

PreInvocationAuthorizationAdviceVoter.java

public class PreInvocationAuthorizationAdviceVoter implements AccessDecisionVoter<MethodInvocation> {private final PreInvocationAuthorizationAdvice preAdvice;public int vote(Authentication authentication, MethodInvocation method,            Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) {        PreInvocationAttribute preAttr = findPreInvocationAttribute(attributes);        if (preAttr == null) {            // No expression based metadata, so abstain            return ACCESS_ABSTAIN;        }        boolean allowed = preAdvice.before(authentication, method, preAttr);        return allowed ? ACCESS_GRANTED : ACCESS_DENIED;    }    private PreInvocationAttribute findPreInvocationAttribute(            Collection<ConfigAttribute> config) {        for (ConfigAttribute attribute : config) {            if (attribute instanceof PreInvocationAttribute) {                return (PreInvocationAttribute) attribute;            }        }        return null;    }}

PreInvocationAuthorizationAdviceVoter 解析出注解属性配置, 然后通过调用 PreInvocationAuthorizationAdvice 的前置通知方法进行授权认证,默认实现类似 ExpressionBasedPreInvocationAdvice,通知内主要进行了内容的过滤和权限表达式的匹配。

ExpressionBasedPreInvocationAdvice.java

public class ExpressionBasedPreInvocationAdvice implements PreInvocationAuthorizationAdvice {    private MethodSecurityExpressionHandler expressionHandler = new DefaultMethodSecurityExpressionHandler();    public boolean before(Authentication authentication, MethodInvocation mi, PreInvocationAttribute attr) {        PreInvocationExpressionAttribute preAttr = (PreInvocationExpressionAttribute) attr;        EvaluationContext ctx = expressionHandler.createEvaluationContext(authentication, mi);        Expression preFilter = preAttr.getFilterExpression();        Expression preAuthorize = preAttr.getAuthorizeExpression();        if (preFilter != null) {            Object filterTarget = findFilterTarget(preAttr.getFilterTarget(), ctx, mi);            expressionHandler.filter(filterTarget, preFilter, ctx);        }        if (preAuthorize == null) {            return true;        }        return ExpressionUtils.evaluateAsBoolean(preAuthorize, ctx);    }  ...}

到这里,我们对Spring Securiy的登录认证和访问授权两部分的执行流程大致进行了追踪和分析,希望读者可以亲自跟随源码调试这个过程,经过反复对比论证,进一步的加深对Spring Securiy整体流程的理解,从而提高自身在实际项目运用中的分析能力和解决能力。

参考资料

官方网站:

W3C资料:

参考手册:

原文链接:

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