Docker 安装 Nginx、PHP、MySQL、Tomcat、Python、Redis、Apache

边缘人 05-28 929

前言：

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Docker 安装 Nginx

docker pull nginx 命令安装

查找 Docker Hub 上的 nginx 镜像

runoob@runoob:~/nginx$ docker search nginxNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDnginx Official build of Nginx. 3260 [OK] jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c... 674 [OK]richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ... 207 [OK]million12/nginx-php Nginx + PHP-FPM 5.5, 5.6, 7.0 (NG), CentOS... 67 [OK]maxexcloo/nginx-php Docker framework container with Nginx and ... 57 [OK]...

这里我们拉取官方的镜像

$ docker pull nginx

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到 REPOSITORY 为 nginx 的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/nginx$ docker images nginxREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEnginx latest 555bbd91e13c 3 days ago 182.8 MB

以下命令使用 NGINX 默认的配置来启动一个 Nginx 容器实例：

$ docker run --name runoob-nginx-test -p 8081:80 -d nginx

runoob-nginx-test 容器名称。the -d设置容器在在后台一直运行。the -p 端口进行映射，将本地 8081 端口映射到容器内部的 80 端口。

执行以上命令会生成一串字符串，类似 6dd4380ba70820bd2acc55ed2b326dd8c0ac7c93f68f0067daecad82aef5f938，这个表示容器的 ID，一般可作为日志的文件名。

我们可以使用 docker ps 命令查看容器是否有在运行：

$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE ... PORTS NAMES6dd4380ba708 nginx ... 0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp runoob-nginx-test

PORTS 部分表示端口映射，本地的 8081 端口映射到容器内部的 80 端口。

在浏览器中打开，效果如下：

nginx 部署

首先，创建目录 nginx, 用于存放后面的相关东西。

$ mkdir -p ~/nginx/www ~/nginx/logs ~/nginx/conf

拷贝容器内 Nginx 默认配置文件到本地当前目录下的 conf 目录，容器 ID 可以查看 docker ps 命令输入中的第一列：

docker cp 6dd4380ba708:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ~/nginx/conf

www: 目录将映射为 nginx 容器配置的虚拟目录。logs: 目录将映射为 nginx 容器的日志目录。conf: 目录里的配置文件将映射为 nginx 容器的配置文件。

部署命令

$ docker run -d -p 8082:80 --name runoob-nginx-test-web -v ~/nginx/www:/usr/share/nginx/html -v ~/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v ~/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx nginx

命令说明：

-p 8082:80：将容器的 80 端口映射到主机的 8082 端口。--name runoob-nginx-test-web：将容器命名为 runoob-nginx-test-web。-v ~/nginx/www:/usr/share/nginx/html：将我们自己创建的 www 目录挂载到容器的 /usr/share/nginx/html。-v ~/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf：将我们自己创建的 nginx.conf 挂载到容器的 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf。-v ~/nginx/logs:/var/log/nginx：将我们自己创建的 logs 挂载到容器的 /var/log/nginx。

启动以上命令后进入 ~/nginx/www 目录：

$ cd ~/nginx/www

创建 index.html 文件，内容如下：

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title></head><body> <h1>我的第一个标题</h1> <p>我的第一个段落。</p></body></html>

输出结果为：

相关命令

如果要重新载入 NGINX 可以使用以下命令发送 HUP 信号到容器：

$ docker kill -s HUP container-name

重启 NGINX 容器命令：

$ docker restart container-name

Docker 安装 PHP

安装 PHP 镜像

方法一、docker pull php

查找Docker Hub上的php镜像

runoob@runoob:~/php-fpm$ docker search phpNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDphp While designed for web development, the PH... 1232 [OK] richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ... 207 [OK]phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB. 123 [OK]eboraas/apache-php PHP5 on Apache (with SSL support), built o... 69 [OK]php-zendserver Zend Server - the integrated PHP applicati... 69 [OK] million12/nginx-php Nginx + PHP-FPM 5.5, 5.6, 7.0 (NG), CentOS... 67 [OK]webdevops/php-nginx Nginx with PHP-FPM 39 [OK]webdevops/php-apache Apache with PHP-FPM (based on webdevops/php) 14 [OK]phpunit/phpunit PHPUnit is a programmer-oriented testing f... 14 [OK]tetraweb/php PHP 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 7.0 for CI and run... 12 [OK]webdevops/php PHP (FPM and CLI) service container 10 [OK]...

这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为5.6-fpm

runoob@runoob:~/php-fpm$ docker pull php:5.6-fpm

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为php,标签为5.6-fpm的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/php-fpm$ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEphp 5.6-fpm 025041cd3aa5 6 days ago 456.3 MB

Nginx + PHP 部署

Nginx 部署可以查看：Docker 安装 Nginx，一些 Nginx 的配置参考这篇文章。

启动 PHP：

$ docker run --name myphp-fpm -v ~/nginx/www:/www -d php:5.6-fpm

命令说明：

--name myphp-fpm : 将容器命名为 myphp-fpm。-v ~/nginx/www:/www : 将主机中项目的目录 www 挂载到容器的 /www

创建 ~/nginx/conf/conf.d 目录：

mkdir ~/nginx/conf/conf.d

在该目录下添加 ~/nginx/conf/conf.d/runoob-test-php.conf 文件，内容如下：

server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html index.htm index.php; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } location ~ \.php$ { fastcgi_pass php:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /www/$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }}

配置文件说明：

php:9000: 表示 php-fpm 服务的 URL，下面我们会具体说明。/www/: 是 myphp-fpm 中 php 文件的存储路径，映射到本地的 ~/nginx/www 目录。

启动 nginx：

docker run --name runoob-php-nginx -p 8083:80 -d \ -v ~/nginx/www:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro \ -v ~/nginx/conf/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro \ --link myphp-fpm:php \ nginx

-p 8083:80: 端口映射，把 nginx 中的 80 映射到本地的 8083 端口。~/nginx/www: 是本地 html 文件的存储目录，/usr/share/nginx/html 是容器内 html 文件的存储目录。~/nginx/conf/conf.d: 是本地 nginx 配置文件的存储目录，/etc/nginx/conf.d 是容器内 nginx 配置文件的存储目录。--link myphp-fpm:php: 把 myphp-fpm 的网络并入 nginx，并通过修改 nginx 的 /etc/hosts，把域名 php 映射成 127.0.0.1，让 nginx 通过 php:9000 访问 php-fpm。

接下来我们在 ~/nginx/www 目录下创建 index.php，代码如下：

<?phpecho phpinfo();?>

浏览器打开，显示如下：

Docker 安装 MySQL

方法一、docker pull mysql

查找Docker Hub上的mysql镜像

runoob@runoob:/mysql$ docker search mysqlNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDmysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 2529 [OK] mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea... 161 [OK]centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li... 45 [OK]sameersbn/mysql 36 [OK]google/mysql MySQL server for Google Compute Engine 16 [OK]appcontainers/mysql Centos/Debian Based Customizable MySQL Con... 8 [OK]marvambass/mysql MySQL Server based on Ubuntu 14.04 6 [OK]drupaldocker/mysql MySQL for Drupal 2 [OK]azukiapp/mysql Docker image to run MySQL by Azuki - http:... 2 [OK]...

这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为5.6

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker pull mysql:5.6

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为mysql,标签为5.6的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker images |grep mysqlmysql 5.6 2c0964ec182a 3 weeks ago 329 MB

方法二、通过 Dockerfile构建

创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录mysql,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/mysql/data ~/mysql/logs ~/mysql/conf

data目录将映射为mysql容器配置的数据文件存放路径

logs目录将映射为mysql容器的日志目录

conf目录里的配置文件将映射为mysql容器的配置文件

进入创建的mysql目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM debian:jessie# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get addedRUN groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql# add gosu for easy step-down from rootENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7RUN set -x \ && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates wget && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \ && wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "(dpkg --print-architecture)" \ && wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "(dpkg --print-architecture).asc" \ && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \ && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4 \ && gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu \ && rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc \ && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu \ && gosu nobody true \ && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove ca-certificates wgetRUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d# FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db:# File::Basename# File::Copy# Sys::Hostname# Data::DumperRUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y perl pwgen --no-install-recommends && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*# gpg: key 5072E1F5: public key "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" importedRUN apt-key adv --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys A4A9406876FCBD3C456770C88C718D3B5072E1F5ENV MYSQL_MAJOR 5.6ENV MYSQL_VERSION 5.6.31-1debian8RUN echo "deb  jessie mysql-${MYSQL_MAJOR}" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list# the "/var/lib/mysql" stuff here is because the mysql-server postinst doesn't have an explicit way to disable the mysql_install_db codepath besides having a database already "configured" (ie, stuff in /var/lib/mysql/mysql)# also, we set debconf keys to make APT a little quieterRUN { \ echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/data-dir select ''; \ echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/root-pass password ''; \ echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/re-root-pass password ''; \ echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/remove-test-db select false; \ } | debconf-set-selections \ && apt-get update && apt-get install -y mysql-server="${MYSQL_VERSION}" && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \ && rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \ && chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \# ensure that /var/run/mysqld (used for socket and lock files) is writable regardless of the UID our mysqld instance ends up having at runtime && chmod 777 /var/run/mysqld# comment out a few problematic configuration values# don't reverse lookup hostnames, they are usually another containerRUN sed -Ei 's/^(bind-address|log)/#&/' /etc/mysql/my.cnf \ && echo 'skip-host-cache\nskip-name-resolve' | awk '{ print } $1 == "[mysqld]" && c == 0 { c = 1; system("cat") }' /etc/mysql/my.cnf > /tmp/my.cnf \ && mv /tmp/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnfVOLUME /var/lib/mysqlCOPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh # backwards compatENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]EXPOSE 3306CMD ["mysqld"]

通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker build -t mysql .

创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker images |grep mysqlmysql 5.6 2c0964ec182a 3 weeks ago 329 MB

使用mysql镜像

运行容器

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mymysql -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.621cb89213c93d805c5bacf1028a0da7b5c5852761ba81327e6b99bb3ea89930erunoob@runoob:~/mysql$

命令说明：

-p 3306:3306：将容器的 3306 端口映射到主机的 3306 端口。-v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：将主机当前目录下的 conf/my.cnf 挂载到容器的 /etc/mysql/my.cnf。-v $PWD/logs:/logs：将主机当前目录下的 logs 目录挂载到容器的 /logs。-v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql ：将主机当前目录下的data目录挂载到容器的 /var/lib/mysql 。-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化 root 用户的密码。

查看容器启动情况

runoob@runoob:~/mysql$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ... PORTS NAMES21cb89213c93 mysql:5.6 "docker-entrypoint.sh" ... 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mymysql

Docker 安装 Tomcat

方法一、docker pull tomcat

查找Docker Hub上的tomcat镜像

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker search tomcatNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDtomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa... 744 [OK] dordoka/tomcat Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba... 19 [OK]consol/tomcat-7.0 Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin" 16 [OK]consol/tomcat-8.0 Tomcat 8.0.15, 8080, "admin/admin" 14 [OK]cloudesire/tomcat Tomcat server, 6/7/8 8 [OK]davidcaste/alpine-tomcat Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 wi... 6 [OK]andreptb/tomcat Debian Jessie based image with Apache Tomc... 4 [OK]kieker/tomcat 2 [OK]fbrx/tomcat Minimal Tomcat image based on Alpine Linux 2 [OK]jtech/tomcat Latest Tomcat production distribution on l... 1 [OK]

这里我们拉取官方的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker pull tomcat

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为tomcat的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker images|grep tomcattomcat latest 70f819d3d2d9 7 days ago 335.8 MB

方法二、通过 Dockerfile 构建

创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录tomcat,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/tomcat/webapps ~/tomcat/logs ~/tomcat/conf

webapps目录将映射为tomcat容器配置的应用程序目录

logs目录将映射为tomcat容器的日志目录

conf目录里的配置文件将映射为tomcat容器的配置文件

进入创建的tomcat目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM openjdk:8-jreENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/tomcatENV PATH $CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATHRUN mkdir -p "$CATALINA_HOME"WORKDIR $CATALINA_HOME# let "Tomcat Native" live somewhere isolatedENV TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR $CATALINA_HOME/native-jni-libENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:}$TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR# runtime dependencies for Tomcat Native Libraries# Tomcat Native 1.2+ requires a newer version of OpenSSL than debian:jessie has available# > checking OpenSSL library version >= 1.0.2...# > configure: error: Your version of OpenSSL is not compatible with this version of tcnative# see  (and following discussion)# and  OPENSSL_VERSION 1.1.0f-3+deb9u2RUN set -ex; \ currentVersion="$(dpkg-query --show --showformat '${Version}\n' openssl)"; \ if dpkg --compare-versions "$currentVersion" '<<' "$OPENSSL_VERSION"; then \ if ! grep -q stretch /etc/apt/sources.list; then \# only add stretch if we're not already building from within stretch { \ echo 'deb  stretch main'; \ echo 'deb  stretch/updates main'; \ echo 'deb  stretch-updates main'; \ } > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/stretch.list; \ { \# add a negative "Pin-Priority" so that we never ever get packages from stretch unless we explicitly request them echo 'Package: *'; \ echo 'Pin: release n=stretch*'; \ echo 'Pin-Priority: -10'; \ echo; \# ... except OpenSSL, which is the reason we're here echo 'Package: openssl libssl*'; \ echo "Pin: version $OPENSSL_VERSION"; \ echo 'Pin-Priority: 990'; \ } > /etc/apt/preferences.d/stretch-openssl; \ fi; \ apt-get update; \ apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends openssl="$OPENSSL_VERSION"; \ rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \ fiRUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \ libapr1 \ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*# see  see also "update.sh" ()ENV GPG_KEYS 05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 713DA88BE50911535FE716F5208B0AB1D63011C7 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23ENV TOMCAT_MAJOR 8ENV TOMCAT_VERSION 8.5.32ENV TOMCAT_SHA512 fc010f4643cb9996cad3812594190564d0a30be717f659110211414faf8063c61fad1f18134154084ad3ddfbbbdb352fa6686a28fbb6402d3207d4e0a88fa9ceENV TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS \#  ;filename=tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz \# if the version is outdated, we might have to pull from the dist/archive :/  \  \  TOMCAT_ASC_URLS \ ;filename=tomcat/tomcat-$TOMCAT_MAJOR/v$TOMCAT_VERSION/bin/apache-tomcat-$TOMCAT_VERSION.tar.gz.asc \# not all the mirrors actually carry the .asc files :'(  \  \  set -eux; \ \ savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"; \ apt-get update; \ \ apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gnupg dirmngr; \ \ export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \ for key in $GPG_KEYS; do \ gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \ done; \ \ apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends wget ca-certificates; \ \ success=; \ for url in $TOMCAT_TGZ_URLS; do \ if wget -O tomcat.tar.gz "$url"; then \ success=1; \ break; \ fi; \ done; \ [ -n "$success" ]; \ \ echo "$TOMCAT_SHA512 *tomcat.tar.gz" | sha512sum -c -; \ \ success=; \ for url in $TOMCAT_ASC_URLS; do \ if wget -O tomcat.tar.gz.asc "$url"; then \ success=1; \ break; \ fi; \ done; \ [ -n "$success" ]; \ \ gpg --batch --verify tomcat.tar.gz.asc tomcat.tar.gz; \ tar -xvf tomcat.tar.gz --strip-components=1; \ rm bin/*.bat; \ rm tomcat.tar.gz*; \ rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME"; \ \ nativeBuildDir="$(mktemp -d)"; \ tar -xvf bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz -C "$nativeBuildDir" --strip-components=1; \ apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \ dpkg-dev \ gcc \ libapr1-dev \ libssl-dev \ make \ "openjdk-${JAVA_VERSION%%[.~bu-]*}-jdk=$JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION" \ ; \ ( \ export CATALINA_HOME="$PWD"; \ cd "$nativeBuildDir/native"; \ gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"; \ ./configure \ --build="$gnuArch" \ --libdir="$TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR" \ --prefix="$CATALINA_HOME" \ --with-apr="$(which apr-1-config)" \ --with-java-home="$(docker-java-home)" \ --with-ssl=yes; \ make -j "$(nproc)"; \ make install; \ ); \ rm -rf "$nativeBuildDir"; \ rm bin/tomcat-native.tar.gz; \ \# reset apt-mark's "manual" list so that "purge --auto-remove" will remove all build dependencies apt-mark auto '.*' > /dev/null; \ [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; \ apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false; \ rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \ \# sh removes env vars it doesn't support (ones with periods)#  find ./bin/ -name '*.sh' -exec sed -ri 's|^#!/bin/sh$|#!/usr/bin/env bash|' '{}' +# verify Tomcat Native is working properlyRUN set -e \ && nativeLines="$(catalina.sh configtest 2>&1)" \ && nativeLines="$(echo "$nativeLines" | grep 'Apache Tomcat Native')" \ && nativeLines="$(echo "$nativeLines" | sort -u)" \ && if ! echo "$nativeLines" | grep 'INFO: Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library' >&2; then \ echo >&2 "$nativeLines"; \ exit 1; \ fiEXPOSE 8080CMD ["catalina.sh", "run"]

通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker build -t tomcat .

创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker images|grep tomcattomcat latest 70f819d3d2d9 7 days ago 335.8 MB

使用tomcat镜像

运行容器

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker run --name tomcat -p 8080:8080 -v $PWD/test:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test -d tomcat acb33fcb4beb8d7f1ebace6f50f5fc204b1dbe9d524881267aa715c61cf75320runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$

命令说明：

-p 8080:8080：将容器的8080端口映射到主机的8080端口

-v $PWD/test:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test：将主机中当前目录下的test挂载到容器的/test

查看容器启动情况

runoob@runoob:~/tomcat$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ... PORTS NAMESacb33fcb4beb tomcat "catalina.sh run" ... 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp tomcat

通过浏览器访问

Docker 安装 Python

方法一、docker pull python:3.5

查找Docker Hub上的python镜像

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker search pythonNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDpython Python is an interpreted,... 982 [OK] kaggle/python Docker image for Python... 33 [OK]azukiapp/python Docker image to run Python ... 3 [OK]vimagick/python mini python 2 [OK]tsuru/python Image for the Python ... 2 [OK]pandada8/alpine-python An alpine based python image 1 [OK]1science/python Python Docker images based on ... 1 [OK]lucidfrontier45/python-uwsgi Python with uWSGI 1 [OK]orbweb/python Python image 1 [OK]pathwar/python Python template for Pathwar levels 1 [OK]rounds/10m-python Python, setuptools and pip. 0 [OK]ruimashita/python ubuntu 14.04 python 0 [OK]tnanba/python Python on CentOS-7 image. 0 [OK]

这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为3.5

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker pull python:3.5

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为python,标签为3.5的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker images python:3.5 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEpython 3.5 045767ddf24a 9 days ago 684.1 MB

方法二、通过 Dockerfile 构建

创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录python,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/python ~/python/myapp

myapp目录将映射为python容器配置的应用目录

进入创建的python目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM buildpack-deps:jessie# remove several traces of debian pythonRUN apt-get purge -y python.*#  > At the moment, setting "LANG=C" on a Linux system *fundamentally breaks Python 3*, and that's not OK.ENV LANG C.UTF-8# gpg: key F73C700D: public key "Larry Hastings <larry@hastings.org>" importedENV GPG_KEY 97FC712E4C024BBEA48A61ED3A5CA953F73C700DENV PYTHON_VERSION 3.5.1# if this is called "PIP_VERSION", pip explodes with "ValueError: invalid truth value '<VERSION>'"ENV PYTHON_PIP_VERSION 8.1.2RUN set -ex \ && curl -fSL "{PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz" -o python.tar.xz \ && curl -fSL "{PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz.asc" -o python.tar.xz.asc \ && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \ && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$GPG_KEY" \ && gpg --batch --verify python.tar.xz.asc python.tar.xz \ && rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" python.tar.xz.asc \ && mkdir -p /usr/src/python \ && tar -xJC /usr/src/python --strip-components=1 -f python.tar.xz \ && rm python.tar.xz \ \ && cd /usr/src/python \ && ./configure --enable-shared --enable-unicode=ucs4 \ && make -j$(nproc) \ && make install \ && ldconfig \ && pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade --ignore-installed pip==$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION \ && find /usr/local -depth \ \( \ \( -type d -a -name test -o -name tests \) \ -o \ \( -type f -a -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) \ \) -exec rm -rf '{}' + \ && rm -rf /usr/src/python ~/.cache# make some useful symlinks that are expected to existRUN cd /usr/local/bin \ && ln -s easy_install-3.5 easy_install \ && ln -s idle3 idle \ && ln -s pydoc3 pydoc \ && ln -s python3 python \ && ln -s python3-config python-configCMD ["python3"]

通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker build -t python:3.5 .

创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker images python:3.5 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEpython 3.5 045767ddf24a 9 days ago 684.1 MB

使用python镜像

在~/python/myapp目录下创建一个 helloworld.py 文件，代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/pythonprint("Hello, World!");

运行容器

runoob@runoob:~/python$ docker run -v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp -w /usr/src/myapp python:3.5 python helloworld.py

命令说明：

-v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp :将主机中当前目录下的myapp挂载到容器的/usr/src/myapp

-w /usr/src/myapp :指定容器的/usr/src/myapp目录为工作目录

python helloworld.py :使用容器的python命令来执行工作目录中的helloworld.py文件

输出结果：

Hello, World!

Docker 安装 Redis

方法一、docker pull redis:3.2

查找Docker Hub上的redis镜像

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker search redisNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDredis Redis is an open source ... 2321 [OK] sameersbn/redis 32 [OK]torusware/speedus-redis Always updated official ... 29 [OK]bitnami/redis Bitnami Redis Docker Image 22 [OK]anapsix/redis 11MB Redis server image ... 6 [OK]webhippie/redis Docker images for redis 4 [OK]clue/redis-benchmark A minimal docker image t... 3 [OK]williamyeh/redis Redis image for Docker 3 [OK]unblibraries/redis Leverages phusion/baseim... 2 [OK]greytip/redis redis 3.0.3 1 [OK]servivum/redis Redis Docker Image 1 [OK]...

这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为3.2

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker pull redis:3.2

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为redis,标签为3.2的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker images redis REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEredis 3.2 43c923d57784 2 weeks ago 193.9 MB

方法二、通过 Dockerfile 构建

创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录redis,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/redis ~/redis/data

data目录将映射为redis容器配置的/data目录,作为redis数据持久化的存储目录

进入创建的redis目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM debian:jessie# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get addedRUN groupadd -r redis && useradd -r -g redis redisRUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \ ca-certificates \ wget \ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*# grab gosu for easy step-down from rootENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7RUN set -x \ && wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "(dpkg --print-architecture)" \ && wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "(dpkg --print-architecture).asc" \ && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \ && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4 \ && gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu \ && rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc \ && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu \ && gosu nobody trueENV REDIS_VERSION 3.2.0ENV REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL  REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA1 0c1820931094369c8cc19fc1be62f598bc5961ca# for redis-sentinel see:  buildDeps='gcc libc6-dev make' \ && set -x \ && apt-get update && apt-get install -y $buildDeps --no-install-recommends \ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \ && wget -O redis.tar.gz "$REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL" \ && echo "$REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA1 *redis.tar.gz" | sha1sum -c - \ && mkdir -p /usr/src/redis \ && tar -xzf redis.tar.gz -C /usr/src/redis --strip-components=1 \ && rm redis.tar.gz \ && make -C /usr/src/redis \ && make -C /usr/src/redis install \ && rm -r /usr/src/redis \ && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $buildDepsRUN mkdir /data && chown redis:redis /dataVOLUME /dataWORKDIR /dataCOPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]EXPOSE 6379CMD [ "redis-server" ]

通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker build -t redis:3.2 .

创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker images redis REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEredis 3.2 43c923d57784 2 weeks ago 193.9 MB

使用redis镜像

运行容器

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker run -p 6379:6379 -v $PWD/data:/data -d redis:3.2 redis-server --appendonly yes43f7a65ec7f8bd64eb1c5d82bc4fb60e5eb31915979c4e7821759aac3b62f330runoob@runoob:~/redis$

命令说明：

-p 6379:6379 : 将容器的6379端口映射到主机的6379端口

-v $PWD/data:/data : 将主机中当前目录下的data挂载到容器的/data

redis-server --appendonly yes : 在容器执行redis-server启动命令，并打开redis持久化配置

查看容器启动情况

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ... PORTS NAMES43f7a65ec7f8 redis:3.2 "docker-entrypoint.sh" ... 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp agitated_cray

连接、查看容器

使用redis镜像执行redis-cli命令连接到刚启动的容器,主机IP为172.17.0.1

runoob@runoob:~/redis$ docker exec -it 43f7a65ec7f8 redis-cli172.17.0.1:6379> info# Serverredis_version:3.2.0redis_git_sha1:00000000redis_git_dirty:0redis_build_id:f449541256e7d446redis_mode:standaloneos:Linux 4.2.0-16-generic x86_64arch_bits:64multiplexing_api:epoll...

Docker 安装 Apache

方法一、docker pull httpd

查找Docker Hub上的httpd镜像

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker search httpdNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDhttpd The Apache HTTP Server .. 524 [OK] centos/httpd 7 [OK]rgielen/httpd-image-php5 Docker image for Apache... 1 [OK]microwebapps/httpd-frontend Httpd frontend allowing... 1 [OK]lolhens/httpd Apache httpd 2 Server 1 [OK]publici/httpd httpd:latest 0 [OK]publicisworldwide/httpd The Apache httpd webser... 0 [OK]rgielen/httpd-image-simple Docker image for simple... 0 [OK]solsson/httpd Derivatives of the offi... 0 [OK]rgielen/httpd-image-drush Apache HTTPD + Drupal S... 0 [OK]learninglayers/httpd 0 [OK]sohrabkhan/httpd Docker httpd + php5.6 (... 0 [OK]aintohvri/docker-httpd Apache HTTPD Docker ext... 0 [OK]alizarion/httpd httpd on centos with mo... 0 [OK]...

这里我们拉取官方的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker pull httpd

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为httpd的镜像。

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker images httpdREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhttpd latest da1536b4ef14 23 seconds ago 195.1 MB

方法二、通过 Dockerfile构建

创建Dockerfile

首先，创建目录apache,用于存放后面的相关东西。

runoob@runoob:~$ mkdir -p ~/apache/www ~/apache/logs ~/apache/conf

www目录将映射为apache容器配置的应用程序目录

logs目录将映射为apache容器的日志目录

conf目录里的配置文件将映射为apache容器的配置文件

进入创建的apache目录，创建Dockerfile

FROM debian:jessie# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added#RUN groupadd -r www-data && useradd -r --create-home -g www-data www-dataENV HTTPD_PREFIX /usr/local/apache2ENV PATH $PATH:$HTTPD_PREFIX/binRUN mkdir -p "$HTTPD_PREFIX" \ && chown www-data:www-data "$HTTPD_PREFIX"WORKDIR $HTTPD_PREFIX# install httpd runtime dependencies#  apt-get update \ && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \ libapr1 \ libaprutil1 \ libaprutil1-ldap \ libapr1-dev \ libaprutil1-dev \ libpcre++0 \ libssl1.0.0 \ && rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*ENV HTTPD_VERSION 2.4.20ENV HTTPD_BZ2_URL  buildDeps=' \ ca-certificates \ curl \ bzip2 \ gcc \ libpcre++-dev \ libssl-dev \ make \ ' \ set -x \ && apt-get update \ && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $buildDeps \ && rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/* \ \ && curl -fSL "$HTTPD_BZ2_URL" -o httpd.tar.bz2 \ && curl -fSL "$HTTPD_BZ2_URL.asc" -o httpd.tar.bz2.asc \# see  && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \ && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys A93D62ECC3C8EA12DB220EC934EA76E6791485A8 \ && gpg --batch --verify httpd.tar.bz2.asc httpd.tar.bz2 \ && rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" httpd.tar.bz2.asc \ \ && mkdir -p src \ && tar -xvf httpd.tar.bz2 -C src --strip-components=1 \ && rm httpd.tar.bz2 \ && cd src \ \ && ./configure \ --prefix="$HTTPD_PREFIX" \ --enable-mods-shared=reallyall \ && make -j"$(nproc)" \ && make install \ \ && cd .. \ && rm -r src \ \ && sed -ri \ -e 's!^(\s*CustomLog)\s+\S+!\1 /proc/self/fd/1!g' \ -e 's!^(\s*ErrorLog)\s+\S+!\1 /proc/self/fd/2!g' \ "$HTTPD_PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf" \ \ && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove $buildDepsCOPY httpd-foreground /usr/local/bin/EXPOSE 80CMD ["httpd-foreground"]

Dockerfile文件中 COPY httpd-foreground /usr/local/bin/ 是将当前目录下的httpd-foreground拷贝到镜像里，作为httpd服务的启动脚本，所以我们要在本地创建一个脚本文件httpd-foreground

#!/bin/bashset -e# Apache gets grumpy about PID files pre-existingrm -f /usr/local/apache2/logs/httpd.pidexec httpd -DFOREGROUND

赋予httpd-foreground文件可执行权限

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ chmod +x httpd-foreground

通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker build -t httpd .

创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker images httpdREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhttpd latest da1536b4ef14 23 seconds ago 195.1 MB

使用apache镜像

运行容器

docker run -p 80:80 -v $PWD/www/:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ -v $PWD/conf/httpd.conf:/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf -v $PWD/logs/:/usr/local/apache2/logs/ -d httpd

命令说明：

-p 80:80 :将容器的80端口映射到主机的80端口

-v $PWD/www/:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ :将主机中当前目录下的www目录挂载到容器的/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/

-v $PWD/conf/httpd.conf:/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf :将主机中当前目录下的conf/httpd.conf文件挂载到容器的/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

-v $PWD/logs/:/usr/local/apache2/logs/ :将主机中当前目录下的logs目录挂载到容器的/usr/local/apache2/logs/

查看容器启动情况

runoob@runoob:~/apache$ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ... PORTS NAMES79a97f2aac37 httpd "httpd-foreground" ... 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp sharp_swanson

通过浏览器访问

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