前言：
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本文中的虚拟机/云主机镜像以qcow2为例，其它格式的镜像，方法类似。
一、qcow2镜像准备1、进入RomOS
这里的ROMOS指的是类似LiveCD、WinPE的内存操作系统。
关闭需要志出为qcow2格式的虚拟机/物理机，并以pxe或cdrom或U盘方式重启动，并使用LiveCD镜像进行引导。
2、在RomOS安装支持软件包
安装支持工具软件包
yum install -y libguestfs-tool libguestfs-devel lvm2 cloud-utils nfs-utils3、导出磁盘数据到qcow2格式镜像文件
qemu-img convert -p -c -O qcow2 /dev/sda /images/image.qcow2
注意：存储镜像的目录，建议挂载NFS、Samba进行存储。
二、LVM格式恢复
如果qcow2的镜像在制作时，分区使用的是LVM方式分区，需要按LVM的逻辑来进行调整。
1、恢复qcow2到硬盘
# 清空已有的分区信息dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1k count=512qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -O raw images.qcow2 /dev/sda
注意：存储镜像的目录，建议挂载NFS、Samba等远端存储。
2、挂载LVM分区
# 激活VGPXE root@localhost:~ # vgscan Reading volume groups from cache. Found volume group "centos" using metadata type lvm2 PXE root@localhost:~ # vgchange -a y centos 2 logical volume(s) in volume group "centos" now active#挂载LVM的/分区到/mnt目录PXE root@localhost:~ # mount /dev/centos/root /mnt3、调整fstab
vim /mnt/etc/fstab## /etc/fstab# Created by anaconda on Fri Aug 12 18:23:10 2022## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info#/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0# 注释掉/boot分区的挂载，只保留/和swap#UUID=8abae70f-0a66-4ef1-aba3-32ba743b68d7 /boot xfs defaults 0 0/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0~ ~4、调整分区表信息
# 查看磁盘信息PXE root@192.168.8.136:/data # lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part └─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 681M 0 rom /run/initramfs/liveloop0 7:0 0 637.8M 1 loop loop1 7:1 0 5G 1 loop ├─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /└─live-base 253:1 0 5G 1 dm loop2 7:2 0 512M 0 loop └─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /# 查看PV信息PXE root@192.168.8.136:/data # pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <19.00g 0 # 激活VGPXE root@192.168.8.136:/data # vgchange -a y centos 2 logical volume(s) in volume group "centos" now active#扩展文件系统PXE root@localhost:~ # growpart /dev/sda 2CHANGED: partition=2 start=2099200 old: size=39843840 end=41943040 new: size=207615967 end=209715167PXE root@localhost:~ # lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part └─sda2 8:2 0 99G 0 part ├─centos-swap 253:2 0 2G 0 lvm └─centos-root 253:3 0 17G 0 lvm /mntsr0 11:0 1 681M 0 rom /run/initramfs/liveloop0 7:0 0 637.8M 1 loop loop1 7:1 0 5G 1 loop ├─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /└─live-base 253:1 0 5G 1 dm loop2 7:2 0 512M 0 loop └─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /# Resize PVPXE root@localhost:~ # pvresize /dev/sda2 Physical volume "/dev/sda2" changed 1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized# 扩容PV，将剩余空间全部给到/分区PXE root@localhost:~ # lvextend -l 100%FREE /dev/centos/root Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to 80.00 GiB (20480 extents). Logical volume centos/root successfully resized. # 校验PXE root@localhost:~ # lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part └─sda2 8:2 0 99G 0 part ├─centos-swap 253:2 0 2G 0 lvm └─centos-root 253:3 0 80G 0 lvm /mntsr0 11:0 1 681M 0 rom /run/initramfs/liveloop0 7:0 0 637.8M 1 loop loop1 7:1 0 5G 1 loop ├─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /└─live-base 253:1 0 5G 1 dm loop2 7:2 0 512M 0 loop └─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /5、重启验证三、传统分区方式恢复1、恢复qcow2到硬盘
# 清空已有的分区信息dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1k count=512qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -O raw images.qcow2 /dev/sda
注意：存储镜像的目录，建议挂载NFS、Samba等远端存储。
2、调整fstab
# 挂载恢复后的/分区到/mnt目录PXE root@localhost:/mnt # mount /dev/sda3 /mntPXE root@localhost:~ # df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/live-rw 4.9G 1.8G 3.2G 36% /devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shmtmpfs 3.1G 20M 3.1G 1% /runtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sr0 681M 681M 0 100% /run/initramfs/livetmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0/dev/sda3 14G 1.1G 13G 8% /mnt# 获取恢复后的分区UUIDPXE root@localhost:/mnt # blkid/dev/sr0: UUID="2022-04-25-20-46-29-00" LABEL="Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 x86_6" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos" /dev/sda1: UUID="80adc934-a93b-44cb-99b3-51c20e0fa5e5" TYPE="xfs" /dev/sda2: UUID="d1a86e4e-58e6-48d2-9690-d5784481c7c4" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda3: UUID="627e7f32-a0c2-4e85-afaa-391abbf377b6" TYPE="xfs" /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/loop1: LABEL="Anaconda" UUID="888d143e-7ca4-4fbe-8836-169588e60643" TYPE="ext4" /dev/loop2: TYPE="DM_snapshot_cow" /dev/mapper/live-rw: LABEL="Anaconda" UUID="888d143e-7ca4-4fbe-8836-169588e60643" TYPE="ext4" /dev/mapper/live-base: LABEL="Anaconda" UUID="888d143e-7ca4-4fbe-8836-169588e60643" TYPE="ext4" # 修改/etc/fstab中的分区UUIDvim /mnt/etc/fstab## /etc/fstab# Created by anaconda on Mon Aug 15 09:47:24 2022## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info##UUID=627e7f32-a0c2-4e85-afaa-391abbf377b6 / xfs defaults 0 0#UUID=80adc934-a93b-44cb-99b3-51c20e0fa5e5 /boot xfs defaults 0 0#UUID=d1a86e4e-58e6-48d2-9690-d5784481c7c4 swap swap defaults 0 0UUID=627e7f32-a0c2-4e85-afaa-391abbf377b6 / xfs defaults 0 0UUID=80adc934-a93b-44cb-99b3-51c20e0fa5e5 /boot xfs defaults 0 0UUID=d1a86e4e-58e6-48d2-9690-d5784481c7c4 swap swap defaults 0 03、调整分区表信息
# 查看现有分区大小信息PXE root@localhost:/mnt # lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 4G 0 part └─sda3 8:3 0 14G 0 part /mntsr0 11:0 1 681M 0 rom /run/initramfs/liveloop0 7:0 0 637.8M 1 loop loop1 7:1 0 5G 1 loop ├─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /└─live-base 253:1 0 5G 1 dm loop2 7:2 0 512M 0 loop └─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /# 将剩余空间分给/分区PXE root@localhost:/mnt # growpart /dev/sda 3CHANGED: partition=3 start=12584960 old: size=29358080 end=41943040 new: size=197130207 end=209715167PXE root@localhost:/mnt # lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 4G 0 part └─sda3 8:3 0 94G 0 part /mntsr0 11:0 1 681M 0 rom /run/initramfs/liveloop0 7:0 0 637.8M 1 loop loop1 7:1 0 5G 1 loop ├─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /└─live-base 253:1 0 5G 1 dm loop2 7:2 0 512M 0 loop └─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /# 扩展/分区大小PXE root@localhost:~ # mount /dev/sda3 /mntPXE root@localhost:~ # xfs_growfs /mntmeta-data=/dev/sda3 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=917440 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=3669760, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0data blocks changed from 3669760 to 24641275PXE root@localhost:~ # df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/live-rw 4.9G 1.7G 3.3G 34% /devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shmtmpfs 3.1G 20M 3.1G 1% /runtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sr0 681M 681M 0 100% /run/initramfs/livetmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0/dev/sda3 94G 1.1G 93G 2% /mntPXE root@localhost:~ # lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 2G 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 4G 0 part └─sda3 8:3 0 94G 0 part /mntsr0 11:0 1 681M 0 rom /run/initramfs/liveloop0 7:0 0 637.8M 1 loop loop1 7:1 0 5G 1 loop ├─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /└─live-base 253:1 0 5G 1 dm loop2 7:2 0 512M 0 loop └─live-rw 253:0 0 5G 0 dm /PXE root@localhost:~ # umount /mnt# 更新分区表PXE root@localhost:~ # partprobe /dev/sda# 检查扩容后的分区健康状态PXE root@localhost:~ # xfs_repair -n /dev/sda3Phase 1 - find and verify superblock... - reporting progress in intervals of 15 minutesPhase 2 - using internal log - zero log... - scan filesystem freespace and inode maps... - 11:00:56: scanning filesystem freespace - 27 of 27 allocation groups done - found root inode chunkPhase 3 - for each AG... - scan (but don't clear) agi unlinked lists... - 11:00:56: scanning agi unlinked lists - 27 of 27 allocation groups done - process known inodes and perform inode discovery... - agno = 0 - agno = 15 - agno = 16 - agno = 17 - agno = 18 - agno = 19 - agno = 20 - agno = 21 - agno = 22 - agno = 23 - agno = 24 - agno = 25 - agno = 26 - agno = 1 - agno = 2 - agno = 3 - agno = 4 - agno = 5 - agno = 6 - agno = 7 - agno = 8 - agno = 9 - agno = 10 - agno = 11 - agno = 12 - agno = 13 - agno = 14 - 11:00:56: process known inodes and inode discovery - 26816 of 26816 inodes done - process newly discovered inodes... - 11:00:56: process newly discovered inodes - 27 of 27 allocation groups donePhase 4 - check for duplicate blocks... - setting up duplicate extent list... - 11:00:56: setting up duplicate extent list - 27 of 27 allocation groups done - check for inodes claiming duplicate blocks... - agno = 0 - agno = 1 - agno = 2 - agno = 3 - agno = 4 - agno = 5 - agno = 6 - agno = 7 - agno = 8 - agno = 9 - agno = 10 - agno = 11 - agno = 12 - agno = 13 - agno = 14 - agno = 15 - agno = 16 - agno = 17 - agno = 18 - agno = 19 - agno = 20 - agno = 21 - agno = 22 - agno = 23 - agno = 24 - agno = 25 - agno = 26 - 11:00:56: check for inodes claiming duplicate blocks - 26816 of 26816 inodes doneNo modify flag set, skipping phase 5Phase 6 - check inode connectivity... - traversing filesystem ... - traversal finished ... - moving disconnected inodes to lost+found ...Phase 7 - verify link counts... - 11:00:56: verify and correct link counts - 27 of 27 allocation groups doneNo modify flag set, skipping filesystem flush and exiting.4、重启验证四、工具使用1、分区扩容growpart /dev/sda 32、文件系统扩容XFS xfs_growfs /dev/vdc1EXT resize2fs /dev/vdc13、分区表更新
partprobe /dev/sda
4、分区文件系统检查EXT resize2fs /dev/vdbXFS xfs_repair -n /dev/sda35、执行顺序
分区扩容->文件系统扩容->分区表更新->文件系统检查
五、参考
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