前言：
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MySQL作为数据存储工具，可以说是整个架构体系中最重要的一环都不为过。无论是怎样的架构，怎样的设计，都不能离开关系型数据库。如果数据库故障了，整个系统肯定是不可用的，所以MySQL的高可用非常重要。本篇主要从理论上讲解常见的MySQL高可用架构MMM和MHA，以及从零开始，一步步搭建一个高可用的MHA架构。
高可用
MySQL主从复制常见的高可用架构有两种，MMM和MHA。想要实现MySQL主从复制的高可用，需要实现以下几点功能
对主从复制集群中的master节点进行监控当master节点宕机后把VIP（Virtual IP Address，即虚拟IP）迁移到新的master节点重新配置集群中的其他slave节点从新的master同步MMM架构
MMM（Master-Master replication manager for MySQL）是一套支持双主故障切换和双主日常管理的脚本程序。主要用来监控和管理Master-Master（双主）复制，虽然叫做双主复制，但是同一个时刻只有一个master，另一个作为master的备份，以加速在主主切换时刻备选master的预热，一方面实现了故障自动切换的功能，另一方面也可以实现多个slave的读负载均衡。
MMM的整体架构图如下所示
结合MMM的架构图，我们可以知道
整个架构需要两个master节点，两个master节点互为主备。同一时刻，只能有一个master对外提供服务可以有多个用于读操作的slave节点给master分配一个VIP，只能在主备之间切换；给每个slave节点分配一个读VIP，可以在任意slave节点上切换
当master宕机时，MMM管理工具会把所有的slave节点切换为主备的slave。并且把写VIP迁移到主备服务器上，slave节点从新的master节点上同步数据，整个过程简单粗暴，所以无法保证数据的一致性。
当slave节点宕机时，MMM管理工具会把读VIP迁移到其他slave节点，slave节点可以有多个VIP。
MMM架构缺点故障切换简单粗暴，容易丢失事务（可以采用半同步复制改进）不支持GTID的复制方式（可以自行修改perl脚本）社区不活跃，很久没更新新版本MHA架构
MHA（Master High Availability）是一款开源的 MySQL 的高可用程序。MHA管理工具在监控到master节点故障时，会提升拥有master最新数据的slave节点成为新的master节点，并且会让其他的slave节点从新的master节点上同步数据。MHA还提供了master节点的在线切换功能，即按需切换master/slave节点。
MHA的架构图如下所示
从MHA架构图可以知道，MHA只监控master的健康状态，当master宕机时，MHA管理工具会从master所有的slave中选出一个最接近master的节点提升为新的master。
MHA故障迁移
MHA管理下的MySQL主从复制，master故障之后，会经过如下过程进行故障转移
移除宕机的master的VIP，挑选具有最新数据的slave尝试从宕机的master保存二进制日志（如果仅仅是MySQL实例宕机，则有可能成功）应用差异的中继日志（relay log）到其它slave，因为作为备选master的节点的中继日志，和其它slave节点的中继日志可能有差异，所以要把备选master节点的中继日志应用到其它slave节点应用从master保存的二进制日志（如果第二步成功）把备选的master提升为新的master配置其他的slave从新的master同步，把写VIP迁移到新的master上MHA优势支持GTID的复制方式和基于日志点的复制方式可以从多个slave节点中选取最适合的master会尝试从旧的master中尽可能保存更多的未同步日志MHA不足不一定能获取到原master的未同步日志需要自行开发写VIP转移脚本只监控master，而没有对slave实现高可用MHA适用场景适用基于GTID的复制方式使用一主多从的复制架构希望更少的数据丢失场景搭建MHA
整个MHA的搭建过程虽然不算复杂，但是涉及到的步骤较多，建议先整体阅读一下，再动手实践。
配置节点间SSH免密
首先在master节点(192.168.1.101)上执行，一路回车即可
ssh-keygen
执行结果如下
Generating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):Enter same passphrase again:Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:SHA256:HFpSaM7IVW+TjQVUM0m1JBNgrnhH85O3wuur58sev1E root@localhost.localdomainThe key's randomart image is:+---[RSA 2048]----+| oo.==X+o || +. + =.* . || . *. o X . . || o o* = + . || o S . + . E|| . . . o o || + o || ..= . || .*Ooo. |+----[SHA256]-----+
把生成的/root/.ssh/id_rsa拷贝到三个节点上（包括自己）
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa root@192.168.1.101ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa root@192.168.1.102ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa root@192.168.1.103
执行完成后，在192.168.1.101使用ssh命令连接到102和103上是不需要密码的
ssh 192.168.1.102
上述操作需要在192.168.1.102和192.168.1.103上均执行一遍
安装yum扩展包下载wget
安装rpm -ivhepel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm 1修改vim
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
只需要修改一项内容，就是epel节点下的gpgcheck
[epel]...## 只需要修改epel节点下的gpgcheck属性gpgcheck=0...
上述操作需要在所有节点上均执行一遍
安装依赖
执行如下命令
yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL ncftp perl-DBI.x86
上述操作需要在所有节点上均执行一遍
安装MHA管理工具
下载地址：
## 安装mha-noderpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.57-0.el7.noarch.rpm
上述操作需要在所有节点上均执行一遍
安装管理节点
严格来说，监控工具应该安装在一个单独的节点，此处为了节约一个节点，就安装在192.168.1.103上。
yum -y install perl-Config-Tiny.noarch perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Log-Dispatch
安装完成后就可以开始安装mha-manager了
rpm -ivh mha4mysql-manager-0.57-0.el7.noarch.rpm创建mha目录
在监控节点(192.168.1.103)上，创建mha的配置目录
## 配置目录mkdir -p /etc/mha
在每个节点上创建mha工作目录
## 工作目录，该目录用于master宕机时，slave将master的bin log拷贝到此目录mkdir -p /root/mha创建mha账户
在master节点(192.168.1.101)上，创建mha需要用到的账户，并授权
## 创建用户create user dba_mha@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'your password';## 授权grant all privileges on *.* to dba_mha@'192.168.1.%';编辑配置文件
在监控节点(192.168.1.103)上新建并编辑配置文件
vim /etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf
配置如下内容，根据自己的实际情况进行修改（password、ip、目录等）
[server default]user=dba_mha## 注意改成自己的密码password=your passwordmanager_workdir=/root/mhamanager_log=/root/mha/manager.logremote_workdir=/root/mhassh_user=rootrepl_password=your passwordping_interval=1master_binlog_dir=/home/mysql/sql_logssh_port=22master_ip_failover_script=/usr/bin/master_ip_failoversecondary_check_script=/usr/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.1.101 -s 192.168.1.102 -s 192.168.1.103[server1]hostname=192.168.1.101candidate_master=1[server2]hostname=192.168.1.102candidate_master=1[server3]hostname=192.168.1.103## 该节点也是监控节点，所以关闭master候选no_master=1
从配置文件可以看到，参数master_ip_failover_script配置了master故障时，需要执行写VIP的故障转移脚本/usr/bin/master_ip_failover。所以还需要配置这个脚本，创建并编辑这个脚本
vim /usr/bin/master_ip_failover
配置如下内容，根据自己的实际情况进行修改
#!/usr/bin/env perluse strict;use warnings FATAL => 'all';use Getopt::Long;my ( $command, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,$ssh_user, $orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip,$new_master_port, $orig_master_ssh_port,$new_master_ssh_port,$new_master_user,$new_master_password);my $vip = '192.168.1.88/24';my $key = '1';my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip";my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down";my $ssh_Bcast_arp= "/sbin/arping -I ens33 -c 3 -A 192.168.1.88";GetOptions( 'command=s' => \$command, 'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user, 'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host, 'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip, 'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port, 'orig_master_ssh_port=i' => \$orig_master_ssh_port, 'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host, 'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip, 'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port, 'new_master_ssh_port' => \$new_master_ssh_port, 'new_master_user' => \$new_master_user, 'new_master_password' => \$new_master_password);exit &main();sub main { $ssh_user = defined $ssh_user ? $ssh_user : 'root'; print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_user|$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_user|$ssh_start_vip===\n\n"; if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) { my $exit_code = 1; eval { print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n"; &stop_vip(); $exit_code = 0; }; if ($@) { warn "Got Error: $@\n"; exit $exit_code; } exit $exit_code; } elsif ( $command eq "start" ) { my $exit_code = 10; eval { print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n"; &start_vip(); &start_arp(); $exit_code = 0; }; if ($@) { warn $@; exit $exit_code; } exit $exit_code; } elsif ( $command eq "status" ) { print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n"; exit 0; } else { &usage(); exit 1; }}sub start_vip() { `ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;}sub stop_vip() { `ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;}sub start_arp() { `ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_Bcast_arp \"`;}sub usage { print "Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --ssh_user=user --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";}配置文件中，值得注意的地方（第14行开始）如下图所示
vip表示读的虚拟IP，而不是master节点的IP。ens33是网络接口的名称，可以通过ifconfig查看
这个脚本实现了master故障时，写VIP的自动转移。
脚本编辑完成后，赋予可执行的权限
chmod +x /usr/bin/master_ip_failover检查配置
由于配置内容比较多，不能保证全部都正确，所以可以先校验一下相关配置，在监控节点（192.168.1.103）上执行
检查SSH配置
masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf执行结果
Tue Jun 9 22:11:11 2020 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.Tue Jun 9 22:11:11 2020 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf..Tue Jun 9 22:11:11 2020 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf..Tue Jun 9 22:11:11 2020 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..Tue Jun 9 22:11:16 2020 - [debug]Tue Jun 9 22:11:12 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:22) to root@192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:22)..Tue Jun 9 22:11:14 2020 - [debug] ok.Tue Jun 9 22:11:14 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:22) to root@192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:22)..Tue Jun 9 22:11:15 2020 - [debug] ok.Tue Jun 9 22:11:19 2020 - [debug]Tue Jun 9 22:11:11 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:22) to root@192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:22)..Tue Jun 9 22:11:17 2020 - [debug] ok.Tue Jun 9 22:11:17 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:22) to root@192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:22)..Tue Jun 9 22:11:18 2020 - [debug] ok.Tue Jun 9 22:11:25 2020 - [debug]Tue Jun 9 22:11:12 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:22) to root@192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:22)..Tue Jun 9 22:11:13 2020 - [debug] ok.Tue Jun 9 22:11:13 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:22) to root@192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:22)..Tue Jun 9 22:11:24 2020 - [debug] ok.Tue Jun 9 22:11:25 2020 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
通过日志可以看到SSH的配置正确
检查主从复制的配置
masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf
执行结果
Tue Jun 9 22:22:43 2020 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.Tue Jun 9 22:22:43 2020 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf..Tue Jun 9 22:22:43 2020 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf..Tue Jun 9 22:22:43 2020 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.57.Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] GTID failover mode = 1Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Dead Servers:Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Alive Servers:Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306)Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306)Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Alive Slaves:Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledTue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] GTID ONTue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledTue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] GTID ONTue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Not candidate for the new Master (no_master is set)Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Current Alive Master: 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Checking slave configurations..Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306).Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306).Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db=Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Replication filtering check ok.Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] GTID (with auto-pos) is supported. Skipping all SSH and Node package checking.Tue Jun 9 22:22:45 2020 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication settings on the current master..Tue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [warning] HealthCheck: Got timeout on checking SSH connection to 192.168.1.101! at /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/HealthCheck.pm line 342.Tue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [info]192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306) (current master) +--192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) +--192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306)Tue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.1.102..Tue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [info] ok.Tue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.1.103..Tue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [info] ok.Tue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [info] Checking master_ip_failover_script status:Tue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [info] /usr/bin/master_ip_failover --command=status --ssh_user=root --orig_master_host=192.168.1.101 --orig_master_ip=192.168.1.101 --orig_master_port=3306IN SCRIPT TEST====root|/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 down==root|/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.1.88/24===Checking the Status of the script.. OKTue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [info] OK.Tue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.Tue Jun 9 22:22:50 2020 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead).MySQL Replication Health is OK.
根据输出可以看到，主从复制配置也正确。
更多的检查方式可以通过ll /usr/bin/ |grep master命令查看
master首次配置VIP
由于MHA工具只会在故障时迁移VIP，所以第一次启动MHA的时候，需要手动给master节点(192.168.1.101)配置一个写VIP，配置方式如下，在master节点(192.168.1.101)上执行如下命令（参数需要根据实际情况修改）
/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.1.88/24
ens33是网络接口的名称，192.168.1.88是写VIP，这些配置在master_ip_failover脚本中已经指定过。
配置写VIP之前，使用ifconfig输出如下
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::bce6:1d30:472c:d811 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> inet6 2409:8a4c:a13:3f30:9d96:8b33:ca89:c62c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global> ether 00:0c:29:28:70:7c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 979338 bytes 460658144 (439.3 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 693198 bytes 278374776 (265.4 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 208973 bytes 18422224 (17.5 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 208973 bytes 18422224 (17.5 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
配置写VIP之后，ifconfig名称输出如下
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::bce6:1d30:472c:d811 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> inet6 2409:8a4c:a13:3f30:9d96:8b33:ca89:c62c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global> ether 00:0c:29:28:70:7c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 1040146 bytes 477864466 (455.7 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 733075 bytes 299370855 (285.5 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.88 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ether 00:0c:29:28:70:7c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 222701 bytes 19630288 (18.7 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 222701 bytes 19630288 (18.7 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0启动MHA
在监控节点（192.168.1.103）上执行如下命令（默认前台运行）
masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf
执行之后输出日志如下
Tue Jun 9 22:38:05 2020 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.Tue Jun 9 22:38:05 2020 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf..Tue Jun 9 22:38:05 2020 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf..
可以看到MHA已经成功启动。
除此之外，/root/mha目录下还有两个相关的文件manager.log和mysql-mha.master_status.health，分别用来记录MHA日志和master节点的健康状态。
至此，MHA架构已经搭建完成。
因为master节点的VIP是192.168.1.88，所以写操作只需要连接这个VIP即可。如果连接不上，请开启MySQL允许远程访问。
故障切换日志
MHA高可用搭建后，理论上是高可用的，即master宕机后，马上会提升一个slave为新的master。但是理论归理论，我们还是要实践下。
以下日志是master宕机（只停止了MySQL服务）后，MHA监控工具打印的日志。
Thu Jun 11 20:59:53 2020 - [warning] Got error on MySQL select ping: 2013 (Lost connection to MySQL server during query)Thu Jun 11 20:59:53 2020 - [info] Executing secondary network check script: /usr/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.1.101 -s 192.168.1.102 -s 192.168.1.103 --user=root --master_host=192.168.1.101 --master_ip=192.168.1.101 --master_port=3306 --master_user=dba_mha --master_password=Ppnn13y,dkst2yc. --ping_type=SELECTThu Jun 11 20:59:53 2020 - [info] Executing SSH check script: exit 0Thu Jun 11 20:59:54 2020 - [warning] Got error on MySQL connect: 2003 (Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.1.101' (111))Thu Jun 11 20:59:54 2020 - [warning] Connection failed 2 time(s)..Thu Jun 11 20:59:54 2020 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 192.168.1.101 is reachable.Monitoring server 192.168.1.101 is reachable, Master is not reachable from 192.168.1.101. OK.Thu Jun 11 20:59:55 2020 - [warning] Got error on MySQL connect: 2003 (Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.1.101' (111))Thu Jun 11 20:59:55 2020 - [warning] Connection failed 3 time(s)..Monitoring server 192.168.1.102 is reachable, Master is not reachable from 192.168.1.102. OK.Thu Jun 11 20:59:56 2020 - [warning] Got error on MySQL connect: 2003 (Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.1.101' (111))Thu Jun 11 20:59:56 2020 - [warning] Connection failed 4 time(s)..Monitoring server 192.168.1.103 is reachable, Master is not reachable from 192.168.1.103. OK.Thu Jun 11 20:59:56 2020 - [info] Master is not reachable from all other monitoring servers. Failover should start.Thu Jun 11 20:59:56 2020 - [warning] Master is not reachable from health checker!Thu Jun 11 20:59:56 2020 - [warning] Master 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306) is not reachable!Thu Jun 11 20:59:56 2020 - [warning] SSH is reachable.Thu Jun 11 20:59:56 2020 - [info] Connecting to a master server failed. Reading configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf and /etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf again, and trying to connect to all servers to check server status..Thu Jun 11 20:59:56 2020 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.Thu Jun 11 20:59:56 2020 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf..Thu Jun 11 20:59:56 2020 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/mysql-mha.conf..Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] GTID failover mode = 1Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Dead Servers:Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Alive Servers:Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Alive Slaves:Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledThu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] GTID ONThu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledThu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] GTID ONThu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Not candidate for the new Master (no_master is set)Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Checking slave configurations..Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306).Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306).Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Replication filtering check ok.Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Master is down!Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Terminating monitoring script.Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Got exit code 20 (Master dead).Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] MHA::MasterFailover version 0.57.Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] Starting master failover.Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info] * Phase 1: Configuration Check Phase..Thu Jun 11 20:59:57 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] GTID failover mode = 1Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Dead Servers:Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Checking master reachability via MySQL(double check)...Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] ok.Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Alive Servers:Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Alive Slaves:Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] GTID ONThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] GTID ONThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Not candidate for the new Master (no_master is set)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Starting GTID based failover.Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] ** Phase 1: Configuration Check Phase completed.Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] * Phase 2: Dead Master Shutdown Phase..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Forcing shutdown so that applications never connect to the current master..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Executing master IP deactivation script:Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] /usr/bin/master_ip_failover --orig_master_host=192.168.1.101 --orig_master_ip=192.168.1.101 --orig_master_port=3306 --command=stopssh --ssh_user=rootIN SCRIPT TEST====root|/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 down==root|/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.1.88/24===Disabling the VIP on old master: 192.168.1.101Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] done.Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [warning] shutdown_script is not set. Skipping explicit shutting down of the dead master.Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] * Phase 2: Dead Master Shutdown Phase completed.Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] * Phase 3: Master Recovery Phase..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] * Phase 3.1: Getting Latest Slaves Phase..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] The latest binary log file/position on all slaves is mysql-bin.000003:2435Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Retrieved Gtid Set: 81502f9e-a592-11ea-b912-000c2928707c:12-16Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Latest slaves (Slaves that received relay log files to the latest):Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] GTID ONThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] GTID ONThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Not candidate for the new Master (no_master is set)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] The oldest binary log file/position on all slaves is mysql-bin.000003:2435Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Retrieved Gtid Set: 81502f9e-a592-11ea-b912-000c2928707c:12-16Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Oldest slaves:Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] GTID ONThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] GTID ONThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Not candidate for the new Master (no_master is set)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] * Phase 3.3: Determining New Master Phase..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Searching new master from slaves..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Candidate masters from the configuration file:Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] GTID ONThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Non-candidate masters:Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306) Version=5.7.30-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabledThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] GTID ONThu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Not candidate for the new Master (no_master is set)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Searching from candidate_master slaves which have received the latest relay log events..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] New master is 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Starting master failover..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]From:192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306) (current master) +--192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) +--192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306)To:192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) (new master) +--192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306)Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] * Phase 3.3: New Master Recovery Phase..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Waiting all logs to be applied..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] done.Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Getting new master's binlog name and position..Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] mysql-bin.000002:463Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] All other slaves should start replication from here. Statement should be: CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.102', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='xxx';Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Master Recovery succeeded. File:Pos:Exec_Gtid_Set: mysql-bin.000002, 463, 1dbd5375-a4d9-11ea-9eef-000c29cf4cca:1,81502f9e-a592-11ea-b912-000c2928707c:1-16Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] Executing master IP activate script:Thu Jun 11 20:59:59 2020 - [info] /usr/bin/master_ip_failover --command=start --ssh_user=root --orig_master_host=192.168.1.101 --orig_master_ip=192.168.1.101 --orig_master_port=3306 --new_master_host=192.168.1.102 --new_master_ip=192.168.1.102 --new_master_port=3306 --new_master_user='dba_mha' --new_master_password=xxxOption new_master_user does not take an argumentOption new_master_password does not take an argumentIN SCRIPT TEST====root|/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 down==root|/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.1.88/24===Enabling the VIP - 192.168.1.88/24 on the new master - 192.168.1.102Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info] OK.Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info] ** Finished master recovery successfully.Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info] * Phase 3: Master Recovery Phase completed.Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info] * Phase 4: Slaves Recovery Phase..Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info] * Phase 4.1: Starting Slaves in parallel..Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info] -- Slave recovery on host 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306) started, pid: 28647. Check tmp log /root/mha/192.168.1.103_3306_20200611205957.log if it takes time..Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info] Log messages from 192.168.1.103 ...Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info] Resetting slave 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306) and starting replication from the new master 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306)..Thu Jun 11 21:00:02 2020 - [info] Executed CHANGE MASTER.Thu Jun 11 21:00:03 2020 - [info] Slave started.Thu Jun 11 21:00:03 2020 - [info] gtid_wait(1dbd5375-a4d9-11ea-9eef-000c29cf4cca:1,81502f9e-a592-11ea-b912-000c2928707c:1-16) completed on 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306). Executed 0 events.Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info] End of log messages from 192.168.1.103.Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info] -- Slave on host 192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306) started.Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info] All new slave servers recovered successfully.Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info] * Phase 5: New master cleanup phase..Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info]Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info] Resetting slave info on the new master..Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info] 192.168.1.102: Resetting slave info succeeded.Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info] Master failover to 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) completed successfully.Thu Jun 11 21:00:04 2020 - [info]----- Failover Report -----mysql-mha: MySQL Master failover 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306) to 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) succeededMaster 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306) is down!Check MHA Manager logs at localhost.localdomain:/root/mha/manager.log for details.Started automated(non-interactive) failover.Invalidated master IP address on 192.168.1.101(192.168.1.101:3306)Selected 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) as a new master.192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306): OK: Applying all logs succeeded.192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306): OK: Activated master IP address.192.168.1.103(192.168.1.103:3306): OK: Slave started, replicating from 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306)192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306): Resetting slave info succeeded.Master failover to 192.168.1.102(192.168.1.102:3306) completed successfully.
从日志可以看到192.168.1.102被提升为了新的master。
脑裂问题
如果原来的master恢复了，会不会抢回master呢，还是会出现多个master？
如果原来的master恢复后，还是master，那就是一个主从复制集群中出现了两个master，这样就出现了脑裂。
且看MySQL如何解决这个问题。
重新启动192.168.1.101的MySQL服务。因为新的master已经变成192.168.1.102了，所以在新的master上执行show slave hosts查看master上连接了几个slave
show slave hosts;+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+| Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID |+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+| 103 | | 3306 | 102 | d6532e2a-a592-11ea-99c3-000c297f5b55 |+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到slave只剩下192.168.1.103，也就说原来的master恢复后，并没有抢回master，也没有成为slave。
如果想让原来的master加入集群，需要重新配置
change master to master_host='192.168.1.102', master_user='repl', master_password='your password', master_auto_position=1;start slave;
配置、启动之后，再次查看master的slave节点
show slave hosts;+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+| Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID |+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+| 101 | | 3306 | 102 | 81502f9e-a592-11ea-b912-000c2928707c || 103 | | 3306 | 102 | d6532e2a-a592-11ea-99c3-000c297f5b55 |+-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到，原来的master就在故障恢复之后成功的加入了集群。
总结
MySQL的高可用非常重要，手动搭建一个MHA的高可用架构，可以让我们更好的理解MHA的工作原理，也让我们在面对MySQL故障时不至于束手无策。
作者：Sicimike
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标签： #mysql数据库高可用架构
