advanced /ədˈvɑːnst/ adj.

1. 先进的：

He read widely among the most advanced thinkers of his age.

My views are too advanced for him.

She was cited as an advanced worker.

2. 高深的，高级的：

He is spending a year in advanced studies.

Teachers of advanced reading should therefore develop a conscious awareness of the syntax of written English.

3. 年老的，时间过去很多：

He’s advanced in years.

Despite my advanced years, I am learning to drive.

Although autumn was well advanced, not a leaf had fallen from the trees.

advancement /ədˈvɑːnsmənt/ n. 促进，推进，提升

The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.

the Royal Society for the Advancement of Science

His being made president of the company was a great advancement for him.

a job with opportunities for advancement

advantage /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n.

1. 好处，优越之处（可数）：

Another advantage is reliability.

I just don’t see what the advantages are.

That, I think, would be a great advantage.

The taller team ahs an advantage in a game of netball.

But what’s the advantage of using nuclear power?

I said that we could see certain advantages in a change.

Before I made this experiment I had dreamt of a thousand advantages.

There are several advantages in making computers as small as one can.

The celebration stressed the advantages of sun power.

△ 有时作不可数名词：

He thinks of nothing but his own advantage.

He had the advantage of a good education.

He gained little advantage from his visit to London.

Age and experience gave him the advantage.

It would be of no advantage to us to do that.

2. 用于成语：

* have [give sb.] an advantage over (使某人)在……方面比较有利

Constance had one advantage over Sophia. She knew Buxton and its neighborhood intimately.

You see, you have an advantage over me. You can make a dress.

Lanny had an advantage over his mother in that he knew Provencal.

The great advantage we have over them is that they’re weak and sentimental.

Tom’s university education gave him an advantage over boys who had not been to a college.

* have the advantage of sb. 知道某人所不知道的事

You have the advantage of me.

* take advantage of

1) 利用（某人的处境、弱点等）：

I can’t take advantage of your good nature.

She considered that Mr. Povey had taken advantage of his position.

He often took advantage of her trustfulness [her lack of business knowledge].

2) 利用（机会等）：

I took the advantage of the moment to leave the room.

I took advantage of the fine weather today to play tennis.

* to sb’s advantage 对（某人）有利

More practice will be to your advantage.

It is to our advantage to recognize this characteristic.

Voice training will be to your advantage if you plan to go into the theater.

△ to advantage 可以表示“有较好效果”：

Oil paintings appear to better advantage at a distance.

Hang the picture somewhere it will show up to advantage.

The draper will show off his goods to the best advantage.

Do you think it might be revised to advantage?

* turn sth to advantage 使发挥作用，充分利用

We must turn our knowledge to advantage.

They want to turn to their advantage the national liberation movement in Southeast Asia.

△ 间或可用作动词，表示“对……有利”：

In what way will it advantage them?

advantageous /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/ adj. 有利

This may prove advantageous to you.

I am very doubtful whether the proposed scheme would be advantageous to us.

You’ll find it advantageous to learn Spanish before visiting South America.

seeking out the most advantageous positions from which to attack the enemy

adventure /ədˈventʃə(r)/ n.

1. 惊险的事，有危险的事（可数）：

A flight in an aeroplane used to be quite an adventure.

A hunter of tigers has many adventures.

Have you read about the adventures of Marco Polo?

He would write an adventure story for boys.

The explorer told the boys about his adventures in the Arctic.

I would hesitate to get involved in this adventure.

2. 令人兴奋的经历（可数）：

The trip to Florida was an adventure for Helen.

These pleasant adventures on the plain were suddenly put a stop to by the war.

A day in the city was always an adventure for her.

a spoken account of his adventure

adventurous /ədˈventʃərəs/ adj. 喜欢冒险，敢冒险的，惊险的

I am a careful man by nature, and only theoretically adventurous.

Her father was an adventurous man, unafraid of risks.

The trip promised to be long but adventurous.

He was an adventurous, versatile man, always on the move.

The discovery of the North Pole was an adventurous undertaking.

an adventurous voyage

adverse /ˈædvɜːs/ adj. 不利的，逆（风）

The expedition encountered adverse weather conditions.

Don’t be discouraged by adverse criticism.

Dirt and disease are adverse to the best growth of children.

The judge gave us an adverse decision.

The Soviet Union is disturbed at the developments which seem adverse to Soviet interests.

an adverse report / adverse circumstances

Adverse winds hinder ships.

adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/ n. 不幸（的事），逆境

A brave man smiles in the face of adversity.

A good friend will not desert one in time of adversity.

She tried to be brave in the face of adversity.

advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/ vt. & vi.

1. 登广告说，为……登广告（vt.）：

If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.

They advertised (that they had) a used car for sale.

A company may advertise its products by means of newspapers, magazines, television, hoardings, and even sky writing.

Long before the advertised time great crowds were lined up all through the streets.

Owing to rain the garden fete will not take place as advertised.

2. (和for连用)登广告征求[找寻]（vi.）：

We advertised for a house in several weekly periodicals.

He had heard that the firm was advertising for another typist.

We advertised for pupils last autumn, and got more than 60.

He advertised for his missing wallet.

advertisement /ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt/ n. 广告（可数）

If you want to sell your piano, put an advertisement in the newspaper.

The store has an advertisement in the newspaper of a special sale.

He decided to go and look at some advertisements of jobs.

△ 有时可作不可数名词：

Advertisement helps to sell goods.

advice /ədˈvaɪs/ n.

1. 劝告，忠告，意见（不可数）：

She has anxious to have his advice.

Now I want to give you some advice.

I’ve come to ask your advice.

I want your advice, sir. I don’t know what to do.

But there’s something I want your advice on now.

Take my advice, and let me drive you home.

Then you are going to follow her advice, are you?

He came to Alston for advice.

I wonder if I can get some advice from you.

Good advice is beyond price.

My advice to you, sir, is to speak the truth.

△ 在表示“一条意见”时，用“a piece of advice”：

Let me give you a piece of advice.

2. [商]消息，报告（多作复数）：

It is revised according to the latest advices.

Advices from China show that there will be no war.

Advice from abroad indicates that war is about to begin.

advise /ədˈvaɪz/ vt. & vi.

1. 劝，建议，给……出主意（多作vt.）：

1) 跟名词或代词：

The doctor advises a change of air.

We advised an early start.

What would you advise?

We’ll have to operate it right away. I must advise it strongly.

They set up a committee to advise workers on how to economize in food.

A lawyer should always advise his clients as to their legal rights.

2) 跟由不定式构成的复合结构：

What do you advise me to do?

I hear that Shaw advised Payne to have nothing to do with her.

He strongly advised me not to do so.

He advised me what to do.

Will you advise me which of them to buy?

I advised her where to stay.

3) 跟从句：

I advise he go at once.

I advised her that she should wait.

Would you advise me where I should spend my holidays this summer?

Please advise me whether I should accept the offer.

△ 可用于插入语中：

“Leave it along for a time,” he advised.

4) 跟动名词：

I advise waiting till the proper time.

I advised his starting at once.

△ 间或不跟宾语：

I will do as you advise.

2. 通知（主要为商业用语）（vt.）：

We were advised the dangers before we began this work.

We have advised her that we are coming.

We write to advise you of the dispatch of the goods on your order of yesterday’s date.

3. 用于成语：

* advise against 劝……不要

He advised me against doing it.

Babbit advised against charging a higher price.

I strongly advise against it, Harold.

Her father advised her against marrying in haste.

* advise on 就……出主意

John makes a good living advising on interior decoration and lighting.

Have you ever been advised on the best way of exploiting your talents as a singer?

advisable /ədˈvaɪzəbl/ adj. 明智的，可取的

It is advisable to leave now [that you leave now].

I don’t think it advisable to start yet.

It is advisable that everyone should have a map.

advisedly /ədˈvaɪzədli/ adv. 有意地，经过考虑地

He cut down the tree advisedly, as it was diseased.

adviser /ədˈvaɪzə(r)/ n. 顾问

I want a level-headed medical adviser.

His former classmate was an adviser to the peace delegation.

advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ vt. 倡导，提倡，主张

The council advocated a change of policy.

He advocated, though he did not practice, the prohibition of alcohol.

Therefore, we must advocate the forming of workshop committees.

They advocated class collaboration and preached bourgeois reformism.

He advocated the use of force.

The report advocated setting up day training colleges.

West German labor unions advocate a 35-hour week in order to create more jobs.

I am not advocating the widespread use of the students’ native language.

advocate /ˈædvəkət/ n. 倡导者，主张者

He is an advocate of better school-buildings.

They are open advocates of capitalism.

an advocate of free trade

I am not a strong advocate of “English only” in the reading class.

affair /əˈfeə(r)/ n.

1. 事、事情（可数）：

Leave me alone; mind your own affairs.

It’s no affair of mine.

It is an affair of great importance.

One of the men investigated the affair.

I wash hands of the whole affair.

The affair wasn’t so easily settled.

The affair remained a completely mystery.

Why should you be so interested in my affairs?

2. 事务（多作复数）：

They have no right to interfere in the internal affairs of Iran.

The Foreign Office handled international affairs.

Theater affairs kept me here in London.

I left my affairs in the hands of Dominguez and went north.

The minister deals with the important affairs of state.

3. [口]活动，事件，东西（可数）：

Christmas was a merry affair.

The meeting was a noisy affair.

The wedding was a quiet affair.

The luncheon was an informal affair.

The plane crash was a terrible affair.

Her hat was a wonderful affair.

4. 不正当的（男女）关系（可数）：

He was not shocked by the affair between Byron and Claire.

It appeared that she was promoting the affair between Harry and Betty.

It is rumored that he is having an affair with her.

The affair between the two film stars caused a scandal.

5. 用于下面词组：

* love affair 恋爱（的事）：

In his youth he had had a serious love affair.

Mrs. Baines had intention of discussing Constance’s love-affairs with Sophia.

* state of affairs 事态，状况

For the period of a whole year this unsatisfactory state of affairs continued.

It is necessary to end this state of affairs.

affect /əˈfekt/ vt.

1. 影响：

Unusual exertion may affect the heart.

The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.

The possible gossip of the others could not affect her.

This had affected his attitude.

What I’m saying now isn’t going to affect what I do this autumn.

The economic crisis has seriously affected West German exports.

Smoking affects health.

The growth was affected by radiation.

The entire country was affected by drought.

The affected workers said that the lay-off was unfair.

2. 引起感情波动：

Music affects some people very strongly.

The speech deeply affected the audience.

The news did not affect her at all.

The incidents affected him for days.

His death affected us deeply.

Grandpa was equally affected? Rarely had I seen him so worked-up.

All the people in the room were affected to tears.

Martin was not deeply affected by his failure.

He is always deeply affected by Handel’s music.

3. 感染：

Her heart and kidneys had become affected.

One of her lungs is affected a little so that she has to rest.

affect /əˈfekt/ vt.

1. 假装，佯作：

1) 跟名词：

Llwellyn had affected great delight at the result of the examination.

He affected ignorance of the law.

He affected surprise [indifference, an air of benevolence, etc.].

He affected illness so that he need not go to work.

She’s from Chicago but she affected a British accent.

to affect boldness although really frightened

2) 跟不定式：

Byron affected to despise posterity.

He affected not to hear her.

She affected magnificently not to care.

2. 喜欢：

She affects old furniture and china.

He affects long words that few people can understand.

She affected bright colors.

She affects old clothes.

明天继续。