雅思阅读一次考察1200 X 3 字左右，四十道题，实际做题时间不到一个小时，这是个什么概念，高考英语一篇文章400词左右，阅读加起来2000词左右，也就是说阅读部分相当于相同的时间做两遍高考，所以阅读是要咱们第一个字开始翻译到最后一个字吗？肯定不是啊。

做雅思阅读就两种人，第一种是每个字都认识，句子读得又懂又快，嘿嘿嘿。

还有一种技术流，就是会有一些不懂的词句，但是题目能看懂，而且能把题目和原文联系起来，这样也是可以做对绝大多数的题的。当然如果你一句话中不认识的词比认识的还多，那赶快滚去背单词去。

第一种方式需要一定量的积累，如果大家有冲击高分的诉求,可以长期积累. 对于多数考生来说练习第二种会更加高效。

那么问题来了，怎么找和原文对应的地方呢，这也是阅读考察重点之一:同义替换,

我们先要明确一点，同义替换不是同义词, 而是对同一事物的不同表达方式，比同义词的范围要更宽。

所以我们来一起看一看常见的替换类型

1

描述型替换

题目和原文是现象对应本质，概念对应例子, 或单词对其解释。

比如老师认真回答学生问题, 批改作业到深夜，原文中说有职业责任感，这个就是同义替换.

我们以真题为例：

“题目：The consumption of fossil fuel would be cut because agricultural vehicles would be unnecessary. C11”

“原文：It would reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping.”

其中vehicles对应其中的一种例子tractor，unnecessary对应其词义解释cutting out the need for，再比如：

C8 chemical → fertilizer and pesticide，farming → grow plants and herd animals

C9 serious problems→nuclear war and pollution，

C10 a range of functions→ gathering, leisure, relaxation, worship

C11 Unnecessary→cutting out the need for

很明显不属于同义词, 但却是对同一事物的不同表达方式, 多个词对应一个词.这在雅思中出现几率非常大. 这种替换找不到就会很恼火,因为全是你认识的词, 但是就是脑子转不过来, 所以需要大家有这么一个意识, 不要按同义词严丝合缝的去找替换.

2

同义词替换

此类替换比较复杂，也非常常见。

比如:

题目:Much effort is made and correct answers are emphasized C6T3

原文:The emphasis is on hard work coupled with a focus on accuracy.

其中Much effort→hard work, and→coupled with, correct answers→accuracy, emphasis→focus on

但是有些题目，大家会发现词都认识，但感觉不到其间的替换关系？

原因很简单，这些单词你并不认识。中英单词不是一一对应的，单词的核心意思具体语境下会有变化，拘泥于中文含义理解单词则体会不出单词的语境意，也就找不到替换了。

题目: the most important step is for school authorities to produce a _ policy _C6T4

原文:A key step is to develop a policy on…

produce和develop 能不能叫替换词?生产和发展,乍一看好像不是。理解词义的最好方式是看英英词典, 但大家能坚持做到的不会很多, 所以大家可以尝试方式, 用中文解释其中文词义，解释后的部分更贴近单词的核心词义。“生产”和“发展”都是弄出了一个什么新的东西, 本义是相近的.

再比如

原文：…… detect（侦查）the flaws

题目：…… locate（定位）the faults

Detect和locate都有“寻找……的位置”的意思，本质上是有相同的含义的。

原文：there is damage to property too.

题目：… does considerable damage to buildings

这就是一词多义，有些词义比较接近，有些相差较远，这在语言中是一个很常见的现象，比如在汉语中，问：小红，你有腿毛吗？答：有个毛啊！

粗暴地背中文词义很难能解决问题, 大家应该尝试去理解单词在不同语境、针对不同对象时词义的变化。

3

词性转换

单词的后缀决定词性，大多数情况下后缀改变不影响词义，少部分词有词义的变化。

Consume →consumption

secrete → secretions

fertilize → fertilizers

creativity → creative

investigative → investigate

half → halve

prefer → preference

emit → emission

error → erroneous

medical →medicine

当我们确定要找的题目中的词不认识时，我们只能找到它在原文中的原词重或词性转换。大家可以在背单词时留心一下词缀部分，不用去背名词后缀有什么，动词后缀有什么，你只需要逆向看到这个后缀能联系到题目中的词即可。

4

逻辑词的替换

主要考察四种逻辑：因果，并列，转折，否定，考察的较少，但是也偶尔会成为出题点

因果：because → for，as，since，result in，therefore，contribute to，breed……“因为”“导致”都含有一个 因果关系的替换，有因就有果。

并列：and → as well as， first… second… third…，range from…to…

转折：but → however，despite， although

“尽管”“但是” 都有一个让步转折的逻辑，比如：虽然你长得丑，但是你想得美啊。在英语中出现了although则不会出现but，

否定：not → 如果题目中有否定词，经常可以拿来优先寻找，因为全文大多是肯定句，少数是否定句，会更加好寻找一些，比如：lack、 vanish、 in need of、little、fail to, 以及有less、free等否定后缀的词。

替换的形式就是这四种，我们需要去根据替换词快速定位到出题句后再精读，而不需要通篇细度，大多数的题目都可以通过替换关系得到解决。在注意总结替换词的同时，练习适量精读，祝大家早日考出成绩。

最后......吐血整理

【320组雅思阅读核心同义替换词】

拿走不谢！！ 可关注网站：

1

access/entrance/entryway 通路，进入

route/motorway/highway/expressway 公路

boundary/border/edge/outskirts/frontier 边界

proposal/suggestion/recommendation/proposition 提议

odour/smell/stench/stink/scent 味道

bearing/position/standing 方位

waste/unwantedmaterials/rubbish/garbage/trash 废物

priority/preferential/themost important/overriding 优先

evidence/proof/documentation/written account 证据

mistake/error/fault/slip/mix-up 错误

collapse/failure/fall 崩塌，失败

fatigue/tiredness/exhaustion/drowsiness 疲劳

trial/experiment/test 实验

success/achievement/progress/breakthrough/accomplishment 成就

invention/device/creation/innovation 发明，装置

2

farming/agriculture 农业

publicevent/communal activity 公众、社交活动

aviationdisaster/sky accident/air crash 空难

altitude/from…metersabove the ground/height/how high/level 高度

zone/airspace/region/area/district/quarter/block/suburb 区域

weather/meteorological/climate/condition 气候

beaconand flashing/light/beam/ laser/ray/glow/glare 光

aircraft/plane/byair 飞机

city/metropolitan/urban/town/civic/municipal/downtown 城市

period/cycle/era/age 年代

feeling/emotionalresponse / sensory/a sense of/passion 感觉

linguistic/language 语言

building/property/construction 建筑

financialsupport/fund/financial aid 资助

stumblingblock/difficulty/trouble 麻烦

3

testin real/field test 实地测试

genius/talent/intellectual/intelligence/brains/brilliant/wisdom 天才；才能

talent/gift/prodigy/skill/ability/craftsmanship/flair 天才；才能

limitation/restricted/restrict/confine/constrain 限制

biologicalclock/internal clock 生物钟

princip/rule 原则

middle-yeareducation/lower secondary school 中学

format/pattern 格式

lesssuccessful student/struggler 差等生

supplementary/assist/additional/extra/further/added/spare/more 补充

correctanswer/accuracy 精确

imbalance/disorder/unequal/disproportionate 不平衡，紊乱

cost/financialoutlay/spend/charge/fare/rental/toll 支出

immunity/resistance 免疫力

encounter/face/confront/meet 遇见，遭遇

4

ignore/neglect/bypass/payno attention/take no notice 忽略，无视

change/modify/shift/alter/transfer 改变

protect/guard/safeguard/shield/conservation 保护

follow/track/tail/shadow/stalk/stalker 跟随，跟踪

teach/educate/train/coach/instruct/bringup 教学

determine/establish/identify/pinpoint/diagnose 决定；确定

differfrom/unusual/distinguish/recognize the difference/differentiate 区别；与...不同

consult/asksomebody's advice 咨询

engage/givesomebody a job/employ/take on/appoint/recruit/sign up 雇佣

combine/mix/stir/blend/whisk 联合

explain/tell/show/demonstrate/go through/throw/shed light on/set out 解释

occur/happen/takeplace/turn up/arise/strike 发生

expand/get bigger/grow/swell up/stretch 扩张，扩大

emerge/appear/becomevisible/come into view/come into sight/come out 出现

generate/form/produce/create/develop/manufacture 产生

5

observe/notice/see/tell/see/spot/detect/note/becomeaware/conscious/catch somebody's eye/perceive 观察，发现

include/consistof/comprise/be composed of/ be made up of 包含，包括

focuson/deals only with/concentrate 专注于

recognize/know/identify/pickout/tell 认出，承认

comefrom/be based on/originate/have its origins in/have its roots in/derive from /growout of/ evolve from 发展，来自于

enable/makesomething possible/allow/permit/pave the way for/clear the way for 使能够

predict/anticipate/forecast/foretell/guess in advance/expect 预测；预期

realize/know/be/becomeaware/appreciate/be conscious 意识到

produce/form/create/generate 生产

guarantee/promise/assure/swear/vow/commit to/pledge 保证

bring/confer/award/present/grant/confer/allocate/offer 带来

illustrate/show/demonstrate/mean/reflect/reveal/bea sign 表明

disturb/interrupt/bother/distract/putsomebody off 打扰

unfold/open/develop/expand 展开

forge/form/counterfeit 形成，伪造

6

persuade/convince/winover/talk around 说服

surrender/givein 投降，放弃

exaggerate/overstate 夸张，夸大

dispose/settle/manage/cope with/deal with 安排，处理

postpone/putback/delay/adjourn 推迟

couplewith/and/accompany/with 伴随

involve/contain/comprise 包含，牵涉

drawon/absorb 吸收

settleon/make choice of/decide on 选定

involvewith/associate with/link to/relate to 与…有关联

release/issue/launch/convey/deliver 发行，发表

react/respond 反应

assessment/appraisal/evaluation/estimate/judgment 评估，估计

remain/keep/stay/maintain 保持

foster/cultivate/raise/nurture 培养，养育

7

overtake/catchup/sweep over/exceed/overcome 赶上，压倒

administer/manage/conduct/implement/perform 执行，管理

construct/build/make/found 建造

stimulate/encourage/activate/motivate 鼓励，刺激

vanish/extinct/disappear 消失

ignite/light/inflame 点燃

launch/coin/project/release/issue 创造

require/desire/order/command 要求

operate/act/run 运转

revive/renaissance 复兴

break/shatter/crack 打碎，打破

insist/claim/argue/believe/think 坚持，坚称

suppress/control/restrain/repress/oppress/inhibit/ban/forbid/stifle 压制

speedup/increase speed/quicken up/accelerate speed 加速

dispute/debate/controversy/disagree/argue 争论

8

reproduce/copy/replicate/repeat/duplicate 复制

plan/prepare/design 计划

improve/grow/getbetter 进步

catch/exploit/capture 抓捕

giveup/abandon 放弃

refute/notmean/rebut/deny 反驳

fulfill/qualify/achieve/keep/satisfy 完成

prevent/resolve/forbid/stop 防止

tendto/prone to 倾向于

participate/beinvolved in/take part in/join 参加

judge/rate/criticize/assess/evaluate/gauge/appraise 评判

relyon/depend on 依靠

avoid/stayaway/keep away/steer clear of/make a detour 避免

dieout/extinct/disappear/no longer exist 灭绝

9

hunt/searchfor/look for/try to find/in search of 打猎

perceive/sense/see/spot/becomeaware of/observe 感知，感觉

calculate/measure/workout/figure/estimate 计算

coin/invent/make/create/comeup with 发明，创造

admit/acknowledge/confess/totell the truth 承认

besimilar to/like/resemble/bear a resemblance to/ look like/alike/much the same 相似

resultin/lead to/cause/give rise to/bring about 引发，导致

address/solve/dealwith/handle 处理

imitate/copy/impersonate/followone's example 模仿

feed/eat/have/chew/swallow/consume 喂食

memorise/learn/commitsomething to memory 记忆

purify/refine/distill 净化

deteriorate/getworse/go down 变坏

recognize/know/identify/pickout 认出

conclude/summarize/cometo/reach the conclusion 得出结论

10

adaptto/get used to/become accustomed to/adjust to 适应

initiate/start/launch/open/setin motion 开始，发起

referto/mention/allude to/touch on 提到

bedivided into/separate/split/break up/break down 分开

hinder/hamper/impede 阻碍

exclude/omit/missout/leave out/drop 排除在外

exchange/share/distribute 分享

convert/modify/transform/adapt/customize 转变

monitor/watch/keepan eye on/ keep a check on 监视

allocate/distribute/apportion/grant/confer 分配

stop/halt/cometo a halt 停止

label/display/call/brand/hail 贴标签，命名

apply/use/makeuse of/exercise/utilize 应用

ensure/makesure/make certain/see to it that 保证

deny/refuse/withhold 否认

11

permit/allow/let/agreeto/authorize 许可

interfere/intrude/disrupt/meddle 干扰

expose/show/reveal/present/let sb. see 暴露，揭发

easyto reach/accessible 容易达到的

important/vital/essential/crucial/critical/necessary 重要的

underdeveloped/degenerated/rudimentary 不发达的

exceptional/good/excellent/outstanding/brilliant/impressive/admirable 超常的，例外的

best/well/greatest/finest/ideal/top/ultimate/optimum/definitive/unsurpassed/record-breaking 极好的

surprised/amazed/astonished/astounded/betaken aback/startled 感到惊讶的

traditional/old-fashioned/outdated/outmoded/unfashionable 传统的

diverse/varied/variety/wide-ranging/mixed 各种各样的

reluctant/unwilling 勉强的

long-term/long-running/lasting/lifelong/prolonged/lingering/enduring/abiding 长期的

beneficial/wholesome/nutritious/nourishing/healthful 有益的

specificexplicit/elaborate 具体的

12

unpredictable/unforeseeable/ unexpected 无法预测的

ultimate/ final 最终的

objective/impartial/neutral/nottake sides/unbiased/disinterested 客观的

official/formal/authorized/on(the) record 官方的，正式的

inadequate/notenough/too little/few/scarce/insufficient/be in short supply/lack of something/beshort 不足的

basic/fundamental/essential/central/underlying/simple/crude/primitive/rudimentary/unsophisticated/low-tech 基本的

central/middle 中心的

immense/big/major/considerable/great/huge/enormous/tremendous/largescale 巨大的

abundant/plenty/ample 充裕的，丰富的

unique/distinct/different/extraordinary/special/particular/specific/unique/separate 独特的

current/modern/recent/present 最近的

difficult/demanding/hard/tough 困难的

instant/rapid/immediate 立即的

initial/original/premier 最初的，开始的

positive/optimistic/uplifting 积极的

13

valuable/precious/worthy 宝贵的，珍贵的

widespread/universal/extensive/popular/general 广泛的，普遍的

potential/possible/underlying/likely/expected/latent 潜在的

fragile/delicate 脆弱的

remote/distant 遥远的

unusual/rare/strange/uncommon 罕见的，不寻常的

ordinary/standard/common/usual/general 普通的,平常的

interior/inner/inside 内部的

unpredictable/fluctuate/changeable 无法预测的

suitable/appropriate/proper/adequate/matching 合适的

local/domestic/native/indigenous 当地的

international/global/worldwide 国际的

impossible/outof the question/unlikely 不可能

related/associated 有关联的

independent/self-reliant 自立的

14

lonely/isolated/ inaccessible/distant/remote/faraway 隔离的，孤独的

poor/lackof/impoverished 贫穷

newer/later/recent/present 新的

first/initial/early/primary/ancient 最早的

realistic/achievable 现实的

visible/disclosed/obvious/noticeable/apparent 可见的

moral/ethical 道德的

maternal/mother/female 母亲的

impressive/greatest/touching/unforgettable 印象深刻的

inaccurate/incorrect/wrong/misleading 不精确的

primary/main/large/chief/principal 主要的

radical/nottraditional/new/unconventional 激进的

wellknown/notorious/famous/renowned 著名的

spectacular/impressive/imposing/striking/grand 壮观的

severe/serious/stiff/heavy 严重的

15

hidden/disguised/concealed/veiled 隐藏的

urban/city/town/municipal 城市的

dental/teeth 牙齿的

fragile/weak/delicate/breakable/feeble 脆弱的

advanced/developed/sophisticated/high-tech 先进的

intense/strong/passionate/powerful/fervent 强烈的

random/arbitrary/atrandom 任意的，随机的

different/individual/notlike/vary/not the same/contrast with/diverse 独特的

chilly/cold temperature/freezing weather/ /frosty/wintry/cold snap 寒冷的

simultaneous/atthe same time/together/at once/at one time 同时的

uniform/equal/homogeneous 均衡的

civil/municipal/metropolitan 城市的

revolutionary/original/innovation/fresh/novel/bein its infancy 新的，革命的

oversimplify/incomplete/simplistic/generalize 过于简化的，不完整的

consistent/lasting/stay the same/constant/unchanging 持续的

16

drought/norain at all/dry/dusty 干旱的

unappreciated/undervalued 低估的

difficult/elusive/hard/ tough 困难的

unpleasant/offensive/horrible/disgusting/revolting/not very nice/nasty 极讨厌的

stable/constant/steady/fixed/unchanging 稳定的

spacious/largely/big/huge/vast/enormous/immense 广阔的

careful/elaborate/conscientious/meticulous 认真的；精心的

wet/marshy/soaked/waterlogged/awash 湿的

because/becauseof/for/as/since/in that/on account of/with 表示“原因”

so/therefore/thereby/thus/consequently/accordingly/hence 表示“结果”

as a result/so that 表示“结果”

cause/leadto/give rise to /result in/render/make/let 表示“导致”

ask/support/push/stimulate/spark/spur/fuel/produce/beresponsible for/contribute to 表示“导致”

resultfrom/derive from/originate from/initiate from/stem from/be responsive to/attribute to 表示“由…而来”

given/considering/concerning/inview of/thanks to/according to 表示“考虑到”

when/once/assoon as/as long as/if/whether/provided that/unless 表示“条件”

while/whereas/onthe other hand 表示“对比”

but/nevertheless/however/yet/although/despite/eventhough 表示“转折” v:catzeng1995