前言：
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阿里巴巴开源镜像站-OPSX镜像站-阿里云开发者社区
centos换源+安装postgresql
镜像安装网站
git版本网站
1 更换阿里源
[ivanlee@localhost Desktop]$ cd /etc/yum.repos.d[ivanlee@localhost yum.repos.d]$ lsCentOS-AppStream.repo CentOS-Devel.repo CentOS-PowerTools.repoCentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Extras.repo CentOS-Sources.repoCentOS-centosplus.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repoCentOS-CR.repo CentOS-HA.repoCentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo
首先全部删除源的所有文件，遇到所有的询问都是y
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm *.repo rm: remove regular file 'CentOS-AppStream.repo'? y ·························
安装新的阿里源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 13:53:56-- mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 139.227.225.136, 2408:8744:803:2:3::3fe, 2408:8744:803:2:3::3fdConnecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|139.227.225.136|:443... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 2495 (2.4K) [application/octet-stream]Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 100%[==========================================================================================================>] 2.44K --.-KB/s in 0s 2022-03-22 13:54:01 (60.0 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2495/2495][root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecacheCentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 437 kB/s | 4.6 MB 00:10 CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 1.0 kB/s | 10 kB 00:10 CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com 739 kB/s | 8.4 MB 00:11 Metadata cache created.
如果遇到无法解析网址的情况：
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 15:42:13-- mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... failed: Name or service not known.wget: unable to resolve host address 'mirrors.aliyun.com'
那就对本地/etc/resolv.conf文件进行修改，添加如下字段
nameserver 8.8.8.8nameserver 8.8.4.4
再继续就好了
手动安装pgsql
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf install metadata expiration check: 0:00:35 ago on Tue 22 Mar 2022 01:54:51 PM CST.pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm 2.0 kB/s | 13 kB 00:06 Dependencies resolved.===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size=====================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: pgdg-redhat-repo noarch 42.0-24 @commandline 13 k Transaction Summary=====================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package Total size: 13 kInstalled size: 12 kIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running transaction checkTransaction check succeeded.Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded.Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-24.noarch 1/1 Verifying : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-24.noarch 1/1 Installed products updated. Installed: pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-24.noarch Complete![root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf module list postgresqlPostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 15 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>" Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDGIs this ok [y/N]: yPostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 30 kB/s | 619 kB 00:20 PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 15 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>" Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDGIs this ok [y/N]: yPostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 11 kB/s | 208 kB 00:19 PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>" Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDGIs this ok [y/N]: yPostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 26 kB/s | 526 kB 00:19 PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 15 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>" Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDGIs this ok [y/N]: yPostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 36 kB/s | 694 kB 00:19 PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>" Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDGIs this ok [y/N]: yPostgreSQL 11 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 41 kB/s | 885 kB 00:21 PostgreSQL 10 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 10 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>" Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDGIs this ok [y/N]: yPostgreSQL 10 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 29 kB/s | 588 kB 00:20 CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.comName Stream Profiles Summary postgresql 9.6 client, server [d] PostgreSQL server and client module postgresql 10 [d] client, server [d] PostgreSQL server and client module postgresql 12 client, server [d] PostgreSQL server and client module postgresql 13 client, server [d] PostgreSQL server and client module Hint: [d]efault, [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled
[root@localhost ~]# dnf module disable postgresqlPostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 Dependencies resolved.===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size=====================================================================================================================================================================================================Disabling modules: postgresql Transaction Summary===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Is this ok [y/N]: yComplete!
安装pgsql12
[root@localhost ~]# dnf install postgresql12Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:39 ago on Tue 22 Mar 2022 02:00:31 PM CST.All matches were filtered out by modular filtering for argument: postgresql12Error: Unable to find a match: postgresql12[root@localhost ~]# dnf config-manager --disable pgdg11[root@localhost ~]# dnf config-manager --disable pgdg10[root@localhost ~]# dnf config-manager --disable pgdg96Error: No matching repo to modify: pgdg96.[root@localhost ~]# dnf module disable postgresqlPostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 16 B/s | 195 B 00:12 Dependencies resolved.===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size=====================================================================================================================================================================================================Disabling modules: postgresql Transaction Summary===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Is this ok [y/N]: yComplete![root@localhost ~]# dnf install postgresql12Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:29 ago on Tue 22 Mar 2022 02:10:45 PM CST.Dependencies resolved.===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size=====================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: postgresql12 x86_64 12.10-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg12 1.7 MInstalling dependencies: postgresql12-libs x86_64 12.10-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg12 400 k Transaction Summary=====================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 2 Packages Total download size: 2.1 MInstalled size: 10 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:(1/2): postgresql12-libs-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm 50 kB/s | 400 kB 00:08 (2/2): postgresql12-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm 172 kB/s | 1.7 MB 00:09 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 213 kB/s | 2.1 MB 00:09 warning: /var/cache/dnf/pgdg12-64e2194e85277659/packages/postgresql12-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEYPostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / Rocky 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8: Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>" Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8 From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDGIs this ok [y/N]: yKey imported successfullyRunning transaction checkTransaction check succeeded.Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded.Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : postgresql12-libs-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/2 Running scriptlet: postgresql12-libs-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/2 Installing : postgresql12-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 2/2 Running scriptlet: postgresql12-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : postgresql12-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : postgresql12-libs-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 2/2 Installed products updated. Installed: postgresql12-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 postgresql12-libs-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 Complete!
安装服务端
[root@localhost ~]# dnf install postgresql12-serverLast metadata expiration check: 0:05:33 ago on Tue 22 Mar 2022 02:10:45 PM CST.Dependencies resolved.===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size=====================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: postgresql12-server x86_64 12.10-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg12 5.2 M Transaction Summary=====================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package Total download size: 5.2 MInstalled size: 21 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:postgresql12-server-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm 390 kB/s | 5.2 MB 00:13 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 390 kB/s | 5.2 MB 00:13 Running transaction checkTransaction check succeeded.Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded.Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Running scriptlet: postgresql12-server-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/1 Installing : postgresql12-server-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/1 Running scriptlet: postgresql12-server-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : postgresql12-server-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/1 Installed products updated. Installed: postgresql12-server-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# dnf install postgresql12-contribLast metadata expiration check: 0:09:45 ago on Tue 22 Mar 2022 02:10:45 PM CST.Dependencies resolved.===================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size=====================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: postgresql12-contrib x86_64 12.10-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg12 645 k Transaction Summary=====================================================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package Total download size: 645 kInstalled size: 2.3 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:postgresql12-contrib-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm 84 kB/s | 645 kB 00:07 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 84 kB/s | 645 kB 00:07 Running transaction checkTransaction check succeeded.Running transaction testTransaction test succeeded.Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : postgresql12-contrib-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/1 Running scriptlet: postgresql12-contrib-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : postgresql12-contrib-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/1 Installed products updated. Installed: postgresql12-contrib-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 Complete!
注意：程序安装目录是"/usr/pgsql-12"，程序运行目录是"/var/run/postgresql"，程序运行用户和组是"postgres:postgres"，"postgres"用户和组安装时默认创建。
pgsql的配置1 设置数据库默认的数据存储目录
数据库实例的默认存储目录是/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/,/var是一个系统目录，不适合存放大量的业务数据，因此要在初始化数据库实例之前创建一个存储目录
mkdir -p /data/pgsql12-data：因为创建了多级目录，所以需要-p
[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /data/pgsql12-data[root@localhost /]# lsbin boot data dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var[root@localhost /]# cd data[root@localhost data]# lltotal 4drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar 22 14:27 pgsql12-data
设置数据存储目录的所有者用户和组为postgres:postgres，postgres用户和组在安装PostgreSQL12时已创建
[root@localhost data]# chown postgres:postgres /data/pgsql12-data
修改postgreSQL12开机启动服务配置文件，设置为新的数据存储目录
[root@localhost data]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service <服务配置文件路径！>
将其中的enviroment变量注释掉，改为新的（vim如果卡死，按键ctrl+q）
2 初始化数据库实例
进入程序安装目录下的bin目录下，执行postgresql-12-setup initdb命令。
[root@localhost data]# cd /usr/pgsql-12/bin[root@localhost bin]# ./postgresql-12-setup initdbInitializing database ... OK3 启动数据库实例服务，并设置为开机自动启动
[root@localhost bin]# systemctl enable postgresql-12.serviceCreated symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-12.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service.[root@localhost bin]# systemctl start postgresql-12.service4 设置数据库实例超级管理员账户postgres的口令
postgreSQL12安装完成后postgres的默认口令为空，为空时无法使用该用户登录数据库。
[root@localhost bin]# passwd postgresChanging password for user postgres.New password: prs@2018Retype new password: prs@2018passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost bin]# su postgresbash-4.4$ psqlpsql (12.10)Type "help" for help. postgres=# alter user postgres with password 'xxxxx';ALTER ROLEpostgres=# \qbash-4.4$ exitexit[root@localhost bin]#5 设置数据库实例的远程访问策略
postgreSQL12安装完成后默认只允许本地访问
设置数据库实例访问策略，可以设置多个由主机类型、数据库、用户、IP地址组成的策略。
在文件的"# IPv4 local connections"策略中追加一条“允许全部用户，通过全部网络地址访问全部数据库”的策略并保存，策略定义如 下：
vim /data/pgsql12-data/pg_hba.conf "配置文件conf"image-20220507152653413
设置数据库实例的监听端口
监听地址：*默认是全部地址，默认是localhost ｜｜监听端口：默认是5432
vim /data/pgsql12-data/postgresql.conf
设置防火墙端口
centOS8默认安装firewall防火墙，允许5432端口（PostgreSQL默认端口）访问服务器。
[root@localhost bin]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5432/tcp --permanentsuccess[root@localhost bin]# firewall-cmd --reloadsuccess重新启动数据库服务实例
systemctl restart postgresql-12.service数据库的运维和管理
数据库启动、停止、重启、查看状态、开机自启动、禁用开机自启动
[root@localhost bin]# systemctl start postgresql-12.service #开启[root@localhost bin]# systemctl stop postgresql-12.service #停止[root@localhost bin]# systemctl restart postgresql-12.service #重启[root@localhost bin]# systemctl status postgresql-12.service #查看状态● postgresql-12.service - PostgreSQL 12 database server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-03-22 15:02:49 CST; 7s ago Docs: Process: 41843 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 41849 (postmaster) Tasks: 8 (limit: 11432) Memory: 17.8M CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-12.service ├─41849 /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postmaster -D /data/pgsql12-data/ ├─41853 postgres: logger ├─41855 postgres: checkpointer ├─41856 postgres: background writer ├─41857 postgres: walwriter ├─41858 postgres: autovacuum launcher ├─41859 postgres: stats collector └─41860 postgres: logical replication launcher Mar 22 15:02:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 12 database server...Mar 22 15:02:49 localhost.localdomain postmaster[41849]: 2022-03-22 15:02:49.320 CST [41849] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12.10 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8>Mar 22 15:02:49 localhost.localdomain postmaster[41849]: 2022-03-22 15:02:49.321 CST [41849] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432Mar 22 15:02:49 localhost.localdomain postmaster[41849]: 2022-03-22 15:02:49.321 CST [41849] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432Mar 22 15:02:49 localhost.localdomain postmaster[41849]: 2022-03-22 15:02:49.324 CST [41849] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"Mar 22 15:02:49 localhost.localdomain postmaster[41849]: 2022-03-22 15:02:49.328 CST [41849] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"Mar 22 15:02:49 localhost.localdomain postmaster[41849]: 2022-03-22 15:02:49.338 CST [41849] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector processMar 22 15:02:49 localhost.localdomain postmaster[41849]: 2022-03-22 15:02:49.338 CST [41849] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log".Mar 22 15:02:49 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 12 database server.[root@localhost bin]# systemctl enable postgresql-12.service #开机自动开启创建用户
[root@localhost pgsql12-data]# su postgresbash-4.4$ psqlpsql (12.10)Type "help" for help.postgres=# CREATE DATABASE pvp_msf;CREATE DATABASEpostgres=# CREATE DATABASE pvp_strike_db;CREATE DATABASE离线安装需要的包
rpms包：
postgresql12-contrib-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpmpostgresql12-devel-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpmpostgresql12-docs-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpmpostgresql12-libs-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpmpostgresql12-llvmjit-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpmpostgresql12-plperl-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpmpostgresql12-plpython-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpmpostgresql12-plpython3-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpmpostgresql12-pltcl-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpmpostgresql12-server-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpmpostgresql12-test-12.10-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm
静态资源包:postgresql-12.10 -tar.gz
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标签： #centos创建多层目录 #centosnginxipv6
